scholarly journals Cellular responses to ionizing radiation change quickly over time during early development in zebrafish

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuko Honjo ◽  
Tatsuo Ichinohe
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Radiation Change ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Ionizing Radiation and Translation Control: A Link to Radiation Hormesis?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6650
Author(s):  
Usha Kabilan ◽  
Tyson E. Graber ◽  
Tommy Alain ◽  
Dmitry Klokov
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Translation Control ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Radiation Hormesis ◽  
Downstream Signaling

Protein synthesis, or mRNA translation, is one of the most energy-consuming functions in cells. Translation of mRNA into proteins is thus highly regulated by and integrated with upstream and downstream signaling pathways, dependent on various transacting proteins and cis-acting elements within the substrate mRNAs. Under conditions of stress, such as exposure to ionizing radiation, regulatory mechanisms reprogram protein synthesis to translate mRNAs encoding proteins that ensure proper cellular responses. Interestingly, beneficial responses to low-dose radiation exposure, known as radiation hormesis, have been described in several models, but the molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon are largely unknown. In this review, we explore how differences in cellular responses to high- vs. low-dose ionizing radiation are realized through the modulation of molecular pathways with a particular emphasis on the regulation of mRNA translation control.

Neighborhood Poverty Impacts Children's Physical Health and Well-Being Over Time: Evidence From the Early Development Instrument

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Cushon ◽  
Lan T. H. Vu ◽  
Bonnie L. Janzen ◽  
Nazeem Muhajarine
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Neighborhood Poverty ◽  
Early Development Instrument ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Over Time

Comparative institutional advantage: an obituary

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-578
Author(s):  
Filippo Reale
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Varieties Of Capitalism ◽  
Comparative Political Economy ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe article traces the remains of the theory of “comparative institutional advantage”, which was crucial during the early development of the “varieties of capitalism” approach to economics but fell into oblivion quickly afterwards. It follows the discussions of the concept over time and works out possible reasons – theoretical, methodological, and discursive – for the theory's decay. In conclusion, many arguments of the theory seem outdated today but it is a great witness to thezeitgeistof comparative political economy and institutional theory of the millennium.

scholarly journals Early Development of Locomotor Patterns and Motor Control in Very Young Children at High Risk of Cerebral Palsy, a Longitudinal Case Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annike Bekius ◽  
Margit M. Bach ◽  
Laura A. van de Pol ◽  
Jaap Harlaar ◽  
Andreas Daffertshofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Locomotor Patterns ◽  
Over Time

The first years of life might be critical for encouraging independent walking in children with cerebral palsy (CP). We sought to identify mechanisms that may underlie the impaired development of walking in three young children with early brain lesions, at high risk of CP, via comprehensive instrumented longitudinal assessments of locomotor patterns and muscle activation during walking. We followed three children (P1–P3) with early brain lesions, at high risk of CP, during five consecutive gait analysis sessions covering a period of 1 to 2 years, starting before the onset of independent walking, and including the session during the first independent steps. In the course of the study, P1 did not develop CP, P2 was diagnosed with unilateral and P3 with bilateral CP. We monitored the early development of locomotor patterns over time via spatiotemporal gait parameters, intersegmental coordination (estimated via principal component analysis), electromyography activity, and muscle synergies (determined from 11 bilateral muscles via nonnegative matrix factorization). P1 and P2 started to walk independently at the corrected age of 14 and 22 months, respectively. In both of them, spatiotemporal gait parameters, intersegmental coordination, muscle activation patterns, and muscle synergy structure changed from supported to independent walking, although to a lesser extent when unilateral CP was diagnosed (P2), especially for the most affected leg. The child with bilateral CP (P3) did not develop independent walking, and all the parameters did not change over time. Our exploratory longitudinal study revealed differences in maturation of locomotor patterns between children with divergent developmental trajectories. We succeeded in identifying mechanisms that may underlie impaired walking development in very young children at high risk of CP. When verified in larger sample sizes, our approach may be considered a means to improve prognosis and to pinpoint possible targets for early intervention.

X-ray Inactivation of Nuclei as a Method for Studying their Function in the Early Development of Fishes

Development ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-192
Author(s):  
A. A. Neyfakh
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Nuclear Region ◽  
Blastula Stage ◽  
Early Cleavage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Male Nucleus ◽  
Cleavage Stages ◽  
Heavy Dose

It is generally accepted at present that during cleavage in echinoderms, amphibians, and fishes, the nuclei do not have specific functions in regulating development, their role being at this time restricted to participation in the processes of cleavage (Schechtman & Nishihara, 1955). Eggs devoid of nuclei sometimes begin cleavage which may proceed up to the stage of the late blastula. Extirpation or inactivation of nuclei may be achieved through the separation of the nuclear region of the egg by means of centrifugation (Harvey, 1940); through extirpation of the female nucleus followed by fertilization with sperm inactivated by a heavy dose of radiation (Briggs, Green, & King, 1951); through spontaneous degeneration of the male nucleus during artificial androgenesis (Stauffer, 1945); and by means of other techniques. Exposure of early cleavage stages in amphibians (Mangold & Peters, 1956; Sanides, 1956) and fishes (Neyfakh, 1956a) to heavy doses of ionizing radiation also leads to arrest of development at the late blastula stage.

Cellular responses of osteoblastic and osteocyte-like cell lines after exposure to ionizing radiation

Bone ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. S139 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lau⁎ ◽  
C.E. Hellweg ◽  
Y. Hu ◽  
C. Baumstark-Khan ◽  
G. Reitz
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cellular Responses

scholarly journals Ionizing radiation results in a mixture of cellular outcomes including mitotic catastrophe, senescence, methuosis, and iron-dependent cell death

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Adjemian ◽  
Teodora Oltean ◽  
Sofie Martens ◽  
Bartosz Wiernicki ◽  
Vera Goossens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Mitotic Catastrophe ◽  
High Dose ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cytotoxic Treatment ◽  
Dependent Cell

AbstractRadiotherapy is commonly used as a cytotoxic treatment of a wide variety of tumors. Interestingly, few case reports underlined its potential to induce immune-mediated abscopal effects, resulting in regression of metastases, distant from the irradiated site. These observations are rare, and apparently depend on the dose used, suggesting that dose-related cellular responses may be involved in the distant immunogenic responses. Ionizing radiation (IR) has been reported to elicit immunogenic apoptosis, necroptosis, mitotic catastrophe, and senescence. In order to link a cellular outcome with a particular dose of irradiation, we performed a systematic study in a panel of cell lines on the cellular responses at different doses of X-rays. Remarkably, we observed that all cell lines tested responded in a similar fashion to IR with characteristics of mitotic catastrophe, senescence, lipid peroxidation, and caspase activity. Iron chelators (but not Ferrostatin-1 or vitamin E) could prevent the formation of lipid peroxides and cell death induced by IR, suggesting a crucial role of iron-dependent cell death during high-dose irradiation. We also show that in K-Ras-mutated cells, IR can induce morphological features reminiscent of methuosis, a cell death modality that has been recently described following H-Ras or K-Ras mutation overexpression.

The Confraternities of Charity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Forrestal
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Lay Women ◽  
Inner Circle ◽  
Over Time

The promotion of confraternal charity was the final constituent of the Lazarist pastorate, and Chapter 9 focuses in particular on the significant personal opportunities that these vehicles of pastoral missionary care offered to de Paul. It outlines the early development of the confraternal structures, before explaining why, over time, they became the principal means through which he engaged with lay women. It then focuses on his relations with a small inner circle of consoeurs (members of the confraternity at the Hôtel-Dieu hospital in Paris), to affirm that their works of charity gave rise to an extremely unusual, privileged, and productive affinity that led them to make common cause with him in all spheres of the Lazarist enterprise.

scholarly journals Metabolomic Studies of Tissue Injury in Nonhuman Primates Exposed to Gamma-Radiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita K. Cheema ◽  
Khyati Y. Mehta ◽  
Meena U. Rajagopal ◽  
Stephen Y. Wise ◽  
Oluseyi O. Fatanmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Over Time

Exposure to ionizing radiation induces a complex cascade of systemic and tissue-specific responses that lead to functional impairment over time in the surviving population. However, due to the lack of predictive biomarkers of tissue injury, current methods for the management of survivors of radiation exposure episodes involve monitoring of individuals over time for the development of adverse clinical symptoms and death. Herein, we report on changes in metabolomic and lipidomic profiles in multiple tissues of nonhuman primates (NHPs) that were exposed to a single dose of 7.2 Gy whole-body 60Co γ-radiation that either survived or succumbed to radiation toxicities over a 60-day period. This study involved the delineation of the radiation effects in the liver, kidney, jejunum, heart, lung, and spleen. We found robust metabolic changes in the kidney and liver and modest changes in other tissue types at the 60-day time point in a cohort of NHPs. Remarkably, we found significant elevation of long-chain acylcarnitines in animals that were exposed to radiation across multiple tissue types underscoring the role of this class of metabolites as a generic indicator of radiation-induced normal tissue injury. These studies underscore the utility of a metabolomics approach for delineating anticipatory biomarkers of exposure to ionizing radiation.

Monitoringhprt mutant frequency over time in T-lymphocytes of people accidentally exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation

1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparecido D. da Cruz ◽  
John Curry ◽  
Maria P. Curado ◽  
Barry W. Glickman
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Mutant Frequency ◽  
Over Time
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document