Adding a late fall application of Proxy (ethephon) before two traditional spring applications improves seedhead control of annual bluegrass

Effects of repeated late-fall applications of the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate at 1.7 kg ae/ha plus 0.5% (v/v) surfactant on adventitious root buds, thickened propagative roots (> 1.3 mm diam), and shoot density of Canada thistle were studied in continuous hard red spring wheat over a 4-yr period. Glyphosate suppressed Canada thistle shoot density more quickly and to a greater extent than thickened root fresh weight or root bud number. A single fall application of glyphosate drastically decreased Canada thistle shoot density for 1 yr after treatment. However, shoot density was the same as the untreated control by 2 yr after a single fall treatment. Two consecutive late-fall applications of glyphosate in 2 yr decreased Canada thistle shoot density 94% in the fall 1 yr after the last treatment. Glyphosate reduced Canada thistle thickened root fresh weight 70% in the first fall 1 yr after a single fall treatment. However, 2 yr after a single fall application of glyphosate, root fresh weight equalled the controls. Two consecutive fall applications of glyphosate reduced thickened root fresh weight 77% 1 yr after the second treatment.

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Weed Control in Spring and Summer After Fall Application of Sulfometuron

Western Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/wjaf/14.2.80 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 80-85

Author(s):

J. Scott Ketchum ◽

Robin Rose ◽

Bruce Kelpsas

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Vegetation Cover ◽

Forest Regeneration ◽

Coastal Forests ◽

Late Fall ◽

Silvicultural Treatment ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Fall Application

Abstract This study tested the residual spring and summer efficacy of sulfometuron after fall applications in forest regeneration settings in coastal forests of Oregon. This is the first reporting of results from what is becoming a more widely used silvicultural treatment. Sulfometuron alone (S) and sulfometuron plus imazapyr and glyphosate (SIG) were applied to vegetation on mechanically scarified sites and unscarified sites. The applications were replicated each month through fall 1994. Vegetation cover was assessed in mid-June and mid-August 1995. The SIG treatment controlled the vegetation more than the S treatment did, although cover was significantly lower for both herbicide treatments (9% to 54% for summed cover) compared to the control (64% to 104% for summed cover). On scarified sites, the month of application, early or late fall, did not significantly influence the efficacy of S or SIG treatments. On unscarified sites, however, later applications of the SIG treatment were less effective than earlier treatments were. These results suggest that fall applications of sulfometuron are still effective in spring and may eliminate the need to retreat sites in the spring to achieve effective weed control. West. J. Appl. For. 14(2):80-85.

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LATE-FALL APPLICATION OF CARBARYL, IMIDACLOPRID, AND TRICHLORFON FORMULATIONS TO CURATIVELY SUPPRESS SCARAB WHITE GRUBS, 2003

Arthropod Management Tests ◽

10.1093/amt/30.1.g9 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

Author(s):

P.R. Heller ◽

R. Walker

Keyword(s):

White Grubs ◽

Late Fall ◽

Fall Application

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Glyphosate Tolerance of Two Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars from Fall Applications and at Seedling Growth Stages

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.50.2.304 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 304-309

Author(s):

Christian M. Baldwin ◽

Eugene K. Blythe ◽

A. Douglas Brede ◽

Jami J. Mayer ◽

R. Golembiewski

Keyword(s):

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Temperature Response ◽

Field Trials ◽

Application Rate ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

The One ◽

Fall Application ◽

Response Trial

The use of glyphosate-tolerant perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) (PRG) cultivars JS501 and Replay provides turfgrass managers a unique option for annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) (ABG) control. Both cultivars can tolerate a maximum glyphosate rate of 0.81 kg·ha−1 acid equivalent (a.e.) after establishment under optimal growing temperatures (16 to 24 °C). However, tolerance to applications made immediately after germination and during low air temperatures has received limited investigation. Therefore, objectives of this research were to determine the seedling tolerance and low-temperature response after a fall season glyphosate application to both cultivars. Field trials were conducted in Idaho and Oregon. For the fall application response trial in Idaho, glyphosate was applied at 0, 0.15, 0.29, 0.58, 1.16, 1.74, 2.32, and 3.48 kg·ha−1 a.e. In Oregon, glyphosate was applied at 0, 0.15, 0.29, 0.44, 0.58, 1.16, and 3.48 kg·ha−1 a.e. At both sites, applications were made between late September and early October. To determine seedling tolerance, both cultivars were sprayed with glyphosate at the one-leaf stage (LS), two LS, three LS, or four LS at rates of 0, 0.15, 0.29, and 0.58 kg·ha−1 a.e. Across all trials, ratings included PRG color, cover, and injury. At both trial locations, regression analysis revealed a rate of ≈0.27 kg·ha−1 a.e. was required to cause 20% leaf firing in the fall application response trial. In the seedling tolerance trial, glyphosate applied at 0.58 kg·ha−1 a.e. at the one LS, two LS, and three LS had color ratings 8.0 or greater; however, color ratings dropped to 4.6 when an application was made at the four LS. Based on the environmental conditions of each trial, results suggest glyphosate applications greater than 0.27 kg·ha−1 a.e. as minimum air temperatures approach 0 °C should be avoided. Also, applications should be avoided at the three to four LS if the application rate is greater than 0.29 kg·ha−1 a.e.

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Winter Annual Rye Seeding Date Influence on Nitrogen Recovery and Ammonia Volatilization from Late Fall Surface-Applied Manure

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10070931 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 931 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Parisa Akbari ◽

Stephen Herbert ◽

Masoud Hashemi ◽

Allen Barker ◽

Omid Reza Zandvakili ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crop ◽

Ammonia Volatilization ◽

Ammonia Emission ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Manure Application ◽

Late Fall ◽

Winter Annual ◽

Forage Rape ◽

Fall Application

Dairy farmers in the northeast face challenges in the application of manure in fall and on-time planting of cool-season grasses to maximize recovery of residual N and nutrients released from fall applied manure. Ammonia emission from animal manure is a serious environmental concern and can be reduced if cover crop is integrated in the farming system. On-time planting of cover crops can reduce ammonia volatilization from fall, surface-applied manure, and prevents N loss to leaching. A two-year study was conducted in 2015 and 2016 to investigate if time of planting of winter annual rye (Secale cereale L.) along with late fall application of manure when air temperature is low can influence ammonia emission and preserve nitrogen (N) to meet the N requirement of forage rape. Three planting dates (16 September, 30 September, and 14 October) of rye cover crop with two manure application treatments including late-fall application and no manure were assessed for mitigating ammonia volatilization, and also yield and recovery of N by forage rape (Brassica napus L.). The highest rates of ammonia volatilization were detected in the first 24 hours after manure spreading regardless of the treatment. The result indicated that cover crop use significantly limited volatilization compared with no cover crop. The earliest planting date produced 3823 kg ha−1 dry matter of winter rye cover crop that was 16 and 35 percent higher than second and third dates of planting, respectively. The manured cover crop accumulated 132 kg N ha−1 when planted early. However, biomass yield of forage rape was more when planted after all cover crop treatments with manure application. Prior to forage planting, the nitrate-N content in all three soil depths (0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) in the plots with manure was higher than plots with no manure. No significant differences in forage rape yield was detected among winter rye planting dates; however, forage rape planted after winter rye was higher than after no-cover crop. The results of this study suggest that when immediate incorporation of manure into soil is not feasible, establishing cover crop early and then applying manure in the late fall, is a practical management to limit nonpoint source pollution from ammonia loss.

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Small Burnet Response to Spring and Fall Postemergence Herbicide Applications

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-13-00045.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 168-175

Author(s):

Ryan L. Nelson ◽

Michael D. Peel ◽

Corey V. Ransom

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Severely Injured ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Late Fall ◽

Grazing Lands ◽

Fall Application

Small burnet is a hardy, relatively long-lived evergreen forb with the potential to improve grazing lands, particularly to extend grazing into late fall and winter. Small burnet was evaluated for tolerance to spring and fall POST applications of aminopyralid, bromoxynil, clethodim, clopyralid, dicamba, dimethenamid-P, imazamox, metribuzin, pendimethalin, quinclorac, and 2,4-DB. Injury, seed yield, seed viability, and dry matter yield (DMY) were measured in the spring following application. Injury was observed in response to all spring and fall herbicide applications. Injury from aminopyralid was the highest for both spring and fall applications at 24 and 79%, respectively. Fall application of imazamox and dicamba resulted in 57 and 31% injury, respectively. Spring-applied aminopyralid and 2,4-DB both reduced DMY by 16%, whereas fall applications of imazamox, dicamba, and aminopyralid reduced DMY by 36, 12, and 67%, respectively. Fall applications of imazamox and aminopyralid reduced seed yield by 33 and 65%, respectively. Fall-applied aminopyralid reduced seed germination by 43%. None of the spring-applied herbicides affected seed yield or seed germination. Small burnet is severely injured by aminopyralid and to a lesser degree by imazamox and dicamba. Bromoxynil, clethodim, clopyralid, dimethenamid-P, metribuzin, pendimethalin, and quinclorac did not affect small burnet DMY, seed yield, or germination the year after application.

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Implications of late fall and early spring 2,4-D applications on subsequent canola production on Black, Dark Brown and Gray Wooded Soil

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p97-019 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 699-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. J. Kirkland

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Early Spring ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Green Seed ◽

Late Fall ◽

Winter Annual ◽

Annual Weeds ◽

Fall Application ◽

Made In

Late fall or early spring application of 2,4-D to control winter annual weeds prior to canola has not been recommended as the herbicidal effects on canola growth and development on varying soil types are not well defined. 2,4-D was applied to Black, Dark Brown and Gray Wooded soils located in west-central and northwest Saskatchewan. Applications were made in the fall and early spring prior to planting Brassica napus L. and Brassica rapa L. canola from 1992 to 1994 at the recommended (0.42 kg ha−1) and twice the recommended rate. The rate of 2,4-D applied had no effect on canola plant population, pods per plant, yield, green seed, chlorophyll, kernel or test weight. Application of 2,4-D in the fall had no effect on any variable while spring application reduced plant stands and increased green content but had no effect on pod production, yield or chlorophyll content. Late fall application of 2,4-D prior to canola in rotation should be recognized as a valuable addition to weed management in canola, particularly when direct seeding is practised. Key words: Canola, 2,4-D, soil residual, injury

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YIELD RESPONSES OF STRAWBERRY TO FALL APPLICATION OF ETHEPHON

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps83-142 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 1093-1095 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. P. CAIN ◽

D. P. ORMROD ◽

W. D. EVANS

Keyword(s):

Growing Season ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Fragaria Ananassa ◽

Fruit Number ◽

Late Fall ◽

Yield Responses ◽

The University ◽

Strawberry Breeding ◽

Fall Application

Ethephon solutions at various concentrations were sprayed on strawberry plants, Fragaria × ananassa Duch., in late fall to determine if fruit yield was affected in the subsequent growing season. Plants of the day-neutral (everbearing) cultivar Centennial sprayed with 100 ppm solution had increased fruit yield and number compared with control plants. Selection 107 M 6 from the University of Guelph strawberry breeding program produced greater fruit yields with a 1000-ppm spray but fruit number was not increased. Yield and fruit number of Redcoat and selection 31 B 38 were not affected by ethephon sprays.Key words: Strawberry, ethephon

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Suppression of a Perennial Subspecies of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annuaspp.reptans) in a Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Green with Plant Growth Regulators

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00040689 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 705-709 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

B. Jack Johnson ◽

Tim R. Murphy

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Creeping Bentgrass ◽

Agrostis Stolonifera ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Final Treatment ◽

Fall Application

Paclobutrazol and flurprimidol were evaluated for suppression of a perennial subspecies of annual bluegrass in a creeping bentgrass green. Three applications of paclobutrazol in the spring (Mar. 17, Apr. 17, and May 17) followed by three applications in the fall (Oct. 2, Nov. 2, and Nov. 30) suppressed the perennial subspecies ≥ 72% at 3 wk after the final treatment. However, suppression was reduced to ≤ 57% by 4 mo after the final fall application. Flurprimidol applied in three spring and three fall applications did not suppress the perennial subspecies as effectively as paclobutrazol. Suppression was ≤ 47% at 3 wk after the final flurprimidol treatment and was only ≤ 20% by mid-March. Neither chemical injured creeping bentgrass greater than 20% in the spring. However, leaf discoloration injury from the initial October application ranged from 26 to 30% for paclobutrazol in 1993 and 21 to 28% for flurprimidol in 1994. When injury occurred in October it was temporary and the creeping bentgrass recovered within 3 to 4 wk. Paclobutrazol and flurprimidol applied in November did not injure creeping bentgrass.

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The Fate of Late‐Fall‐Applied Nitrogen in Creeping Bentgrass and Annual Bluegrass

cftm ◽

10.2134/cftm2018.04.0029 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Kevin W. Frank ◽

Thomas A. Nikolai ◽

Aaron Hathaway ◽

Zhu Williams

Keyword(s):

Creeping Bentgrass ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Late Fall ◽

Applied Nitrogen

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