Pharmacokinetics of Ginsenoside Compound K From a Compound K Fermentation Product, CK‐30, and From Red Ginseng Extract in Healthy Korean Subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu Seong Ban ◽  
Yun Kim ◽  
Sunyoung Lee ◽  
ByongYeul Han ◽  
Kyung‐Sang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Compound K ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Fermentation Product ◽  
Ginsenoside Compound K

scholarly journals Enhanced Absorption Study of Ginsenoside Compound K (20-O-β-(D-Glucopyranosyl)-20(S)-protopanaxadiol) after Oral Administration of Fermented Red Ginseng Extract (HYFRG™) in Healthy Korean Volunteers and Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il-Dong Choi ◽  
Ju-Hee Ryu ◽  
Dong-Eun Lee ◽  
Myoung-Hee Lee ◽  
Jae-Joong Shim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Compound K ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Enhanced Absorption ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ginsenoside Compound K ◽  
The Mean

To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of compound K after oral administration of HYFRG and RG in humans, an open-label, randomized, single-dose, fasting, and one-period pharmacokinetic study was conducted. After oral administration of a single 3 g dose of HYFRG and RG to 24 healthy Korean males, the mean (±SD) ofAUC0–tandCmaxof compound K from HYFRG were 1466.83 ± 295.89 ng·h/mL and 254.45 ± 51.20 ng/mL, being 115.2- and 80-fold higher than those for RG (12.73 ± 7.83 ng·h/mL and 3.18 ± 1.70 ng/mL), respectively; in case of Sprague Dawley rats the mean (±SD) ofAUC0–tandCmaxof compound K from HYFRG was 58.03 ± 32.53 ng·h/mL and 15.19 ± 10.69 ng/mL, being 6.3- and 6.0-fold higher than those from RG (9.21 ± 7.52 ng·h/mL and 2.55 ± 0.99 ng/mL), respectively.Tmaxof compound K in humans and rats was 2.54 ± 0.92 and 3.33 ± 0.50 h for HYFRG and 9.11 ± 1.45 and 6.75 ± 3.97 hours for RG, respectively. In conclusion, the administration of HYFRG resulted in a higher and faster absorption of compound K in both humans and rats compared to RG.

scholarly journals Detection of 13 Ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg3, Rh2, F1, Compound K, 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol, and 20(S)-Protopanaxatriol) in Human Plasma and Application of the Analytical Method to Human Pharmacokinetic Studies Following Two Week-Repeated Administration of Red Ginseng Extract

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 2618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sojeong Jin ◽  
Ji-Hyeon Jeon ◽  
Sowon Lee ◽  
Woo Youl Kang ◽  
Sook Jin Seong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Compound K ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

We aimed to develop a sensitive method for detecting 13 ginsenosides using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and to apply this method to pharmacokinetic studies in human following repeated oral administration of red ginseng extract. The chromatograms of Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg3, Rh2, F1, compound K (CK), protopanaxadiol (PPD), and protopanaxatriol (PPT) in human plasma were well separated. The calibration curve range for 13 ginsenosides was 0.5–200 ng/mL and the lower limit of quantitation was 0.5 ng/mL for all ginsenosides. The inter- and intra-day accuracy, precision, and stability were less than 15%. Among the 13 ginsenosides tested, nine ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rg3, CK, Rh2, PPD, and PPT) were detected in the human plasma samples. The plasma concentrations of Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, and Rg3 were correlated with the content in red ginseng extract; however, CK, Rh2, PPD, and PPT were detected although they are not present in red ginseng extract, suggesting the formation of these ginsenosides through the human metabolism. In conclusion, our analytical method could be effectively used to evaluate pharmacokinetic properties of ginsenosides, which would be useful for establishing the pharmacokinetic–pharmacodymic relationship of ginsenosides as well as ginsenoside metabolism in humans.

scholarly journals Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, and compound K after single or multiple administration of red ginseng extract in human beings

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Koo Choi ◽  
Sojeong Jin ◽  
Ji-Hyeon Jeon ◽  
Woo Youl Kang ◽  
Sook Jin Seong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Beings ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Compound K ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Multiple Administration

scholarly journals Morphine dependence is attenuated by red ginseng extract and ginsenosides Rh2, Rg3, and compound K

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taddesse Yayeh ◽  
Kyunghwa Yun ◽  
Soyong Jang ◽  
Seikwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Morphine Dependence ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Compound K ◽  
Ginseng Extract

scholarly journals Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein Leads to Improved Oral Bioavailability of Compound K, an Anticancer Metabolite of Red Ginseng Extract Produced by Gut Microflora

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1538-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Jing-Rong Wang ◽  
Tao Niu ◽  
Song Gao ◽  
Taijun Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Gut Microflora ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Compound K ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
P Glycoprotein

scholarly journals Effects of Red Ginseng Extract on Gut Microbial Distribution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Kyun Kim ◽  
Keun-Sang Yum
Keyword(s):  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Microbial Distribution

scholarly journals Improved Hygroscopicity and Bioavailability of Solid Dispersion of Red Ginseng Extract with Silicon Dioxide

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Sojeong Jin ◽  
Chul Haeng Lee ◽  
Dong Yu Lim ◽  
Jaehyeok Lee ◽  
Soo-Jin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Solid Dispersion ◽  
Ussing Chamber ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Powder Formulation ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aims to develop a powder formulation for the Korean red ginseng extract (RGE) and to evaluate its in vitro and in vivo formulation characteristics. The solid dispersion of RGE was prepared with hydrophilic carriers using a freeze-drying method. After conducting the water sorption–desorption isothermogram (relative humidity between 30 and 70% RH), differential scanning calorimetry thermal behavior, dissolution test, and intestinal permeation study, a solid dispersion formulation of RGE and silicon dioxide (RGE-SiO2) was selected. RGE-SiO2 formulation increased intestinal permeability of ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), GRb2, GRc, and GRd by 1.6-fold in rat jejunal segments as measured by the Ussing chamber system. A 1.6- to 1.8-fold increase in plasma exposure of GRb1, GRb2, GRc, and GRd in rats was observed following oral administration of RGE-SiO2 (375 mg/kg as RGE). No significant difference was observed in the time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) and half-life in comparison to those in RGE administered rats (375 mg/kg). In conclusion, formulating solid dispersion of RGE with amorphous SiO2, the powder formulation of RGE was successfully formulated with improved hygroscopicity, increased intestinal permeability, and enhanced oral bioavailability and is therefore suitable for processing solid formulations of RGE product.

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