There is only one winner: The negative impact of red deer density on roe deer numbers and distribution in the Słowiński National Park and its vicinity

In the region of Rýchory (KRNAP – the Krkonoše National Park), effects of roe deer and red deer browsing on the condition and development and natural and artificial regeneration of stands was studied in 2003–2004. Winter and summer browsing were observed in 14 couples of plots (always one with mechanical protection, the second without the protection) and in one control couple in a wintering preserve for red deer. In both years, winter browsing predominated in the region and thus, it is possible to suppose that roe deer was the main browser. As for natural regeneration, silver fir (26% in winter 2003), rowan (36% in winter 2003) and sycamore maple (26% in winter 2004) were the most damaged species. In artificial regeneration, silver fir damage predominated (68% in winter 2003). In the wintering game preserve with the high winter concentration of red deer, damage to all trees exceeded 40% and heavy damage showed also species slightly damaged out of the preserve such as spruce (63%) and beech (75%). Artificial regeneration was damaged more markedly than natural regeneration in all terms of monitoring. The percentage of browsing damage increased with the distance of the additional feeding device.

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Composition of the wolf’s Canis lupus L. diet in the Wigry National Park

Forest Research Papers ◽

10.2478/frp-2018-0013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 119-124

Author(s):

Robert W. Mysłajek ◽

Sabina Nowak ◽

Maciej Romański ◽

Katarzyna Tołkacz

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

National Parks ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Canis Lupus ◽

National Park ◽

Red Deer ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Natura 2000 ◽

Important Prey

Abstract The diet of wolves Canis lupus L. was assessed in the Wigry National Park in North-Eastern Poland, which overlaps with the Natura 2000 site “Ostoja Wigierska”. The content of a total of 149 scat samples was collected in 2017 and analysed in order to determine dietary composition. Wolves primarily feed on wild ungulates, which make up 75.4% of food biomass. Despite the fact that wild boar Sus scrofa L. and red deer Cervus elaphus L. dominate in the ungulate community in the study area, the primary prey species was observed to be roe deer Capreolus capreolus L. with 39.6%, while red deer and wild boar only constituted 18.7% and 8.3% of the food biomass, respectively. Additionally, beaver Castor fiber L. was found to be an important prey (10.9%) as well and livestock accounted for 15.1% of all biomass consumed. The livestock eaten by wolves also included carcasses of domestic animals illegally disposed of in the forest. We therefore conclude that decisions on the management of the wolf’s food base within protected areas, such as national parks or Natura 2000 sites, should be preceded by intensive local studies.

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The structure of the amur tiger (panthera tigris altaica) potential habitats and evaluation of its prey in the Taipingou national park (China) based on remote sensing data

Исследования Земли из космоса ◽

10.31857/s0205-96142019460-86 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 60-86

Author(s):

Shibing Zhu ◽

Yi Qu ◽

Yingzhu Liu ◽

D. V. Dobrynin ◽

O. V. Sukhova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Wild Boar ◽

National Park ◽

Red Deer ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Panthera Tigris ◽

Amur Tiger ◽

Panthera Tigris Altaica

Today the population of the Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) in the Russian Far East is being restored, young individuals are spread within the historical range, including the territory of China. Here the assessment of the territories suitability that exists at Northeastern China as the habitat of the Amur tiger and its food supply (three species of ungulates – wild boar, red deer and roe deer) are shown. Basically a specially protected area is chosen – the Taipingou National Park, located on the border of the Public Republic of China and Russia. The modeling of habitat suitability for ungulates was carried out on the basis of remote sensing data (Earth remote sensing) by using two different approaches – expert geo-information assessment of the territory and discriminant analysis modeling. The modeling of the suitability of ungulate habitats without the variability of plant communities based on discriminant analysis and showed a small difference between the model results for wild boar and roe deer. Nevertheless, the connection with the morphometric characteristics of the relief is more important for the wild boar than for the roe deer, and for the roe deer there is a variability of vegetation types more important. The results of the analysis that included the type of biotopes, showed that the wild boar prefers the central and northern parts of the Taipingou National Park, while the roe deer is the western part of the park; red deer is more common in the southern part of the park.

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Long-term population dynamics of the red deer and European roe deer at the protected and not-protected areas in Mountain Crimea

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2017_88 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 65-72

Author(s):

V. N. Shmagol' ◽

V. L. Yarysh ◽

S. P. Ivanov ◽

V. I. Maltsev

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Protected Areas ◽

Red Deer ◽

Nature Reserve ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Precipitation Amount ◽

Annual Precipitation ◽

Population Number ◽

The Impact

The long-term population dynamics of the red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) and European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) at the mountain and forest zone of Crimea during 1980-2017 is presented. Fluctuations in numbers of both species are cyclical and partly synchronous. Period of oscillations in the population of red deer is about 25 years, the average duration of the oscillation period of number of roe deer is 12.3 years. During the fluctuations in the number the increasing and fall in population number of the red deer had been as 26-47 %, and roe deer – as 22-34 %. Basing on the dada obtained we have assumed that together with large-scale cycles of fluctuations in population number of both red deer and roe deer the short cycles of fluctuations in the number of these species with period from 3.5 to 7.5 years take place. Significant differences of the parameters of cyclical fluctuations in the number of roe deer at some sites of the Mountainous Crimea: breaches of synchronicity, as well as significant differences in the duration of cycles are revealed. The greatest deviations from the average values of parameters of long-term dynamics of the number of roe deer in Crimea are noted for groups of this species at two protected areas. At the Crimean Nature Reserve the cycle time of fluctuations of the numbers of roe deer was 18 years. At the Karadag Nature Reserve since 1976 we can see an exponential growth in number of roe deer that is continued up to the present time. By 2016 the number of roe deer reached 750 individuals at a density of 437 animals per 1 thousand ha. Peculiarity of dynamics of number of roe deer at some sites proves the existence in the mountain forest of Crimea several relatively isolated groups of deer. We assumed that "island" location of the Crimean populations of red deer and European roe deer, their relatively little number and influence of permanent extreme factors of both natural and anthropogenic origination have contributed to a mechanism of survival of these populations. The elements of such a mechanism include the following features of long-term dynamics of the population: the reduction in the period of cyclic population fluctuations, while maintaining their amplitude and the appearance of additional small cycles, providing more flexible response of the population to the impact of both negative and positive environmental factors. From the totality of the weather conditions for the Crimean population of roe deer the recurring periods of increases and downs in the annual precipitation amount may have relevance. There was a trend of increase in the roe deer population during periods of increasing annual precipitation.

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Health-Promoting Properties of the Wild-Harvested Meat of Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.)

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11072108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 2108

Author(s):

Anna Milczarek ◽

Alina Janocha ◽

Grażyna Niedziałek ◽

Michalina Zowczak-Romanowicz ◽

Elżbieta Horoszewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Energy Content ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Lipid Fraction ◽

Fat Content ◽

Energy Value ◽

Health Promoting

The present studies aimed to analyse and assess the health-promoting properties of the musculus semimembranosus (MS) of roe and red deer harvested in the wild. The experimental materials comprising the carcasses of roe deer (15 does and 15 bucks) and red deer (15 hinds and 15 stags) were selected for analysis based on the following criteria: age of animals at harvest—3–4 years; time that passed from the harvest of animals to carcass cutting—48–54 h. After chilling the carcasses for 24 h at +2 °C, the haunches were cut from the carcasses and transported to the laboratory in isothermal ice-packed containers. Samples of the musculus semimembranosus were analysed to determine the chemical composition (proximate components, energy value, Fe, Pb, Cd, fatty acids). More (p ≤ 0.05) dry matter and total protein and less (p ≤ 0.05) crude fat was found in the musculus semimembranosus of roe deer in comparison to red deer. No significant influence of the animal’s sex was observed in the content of the evaluated nutrients, apart from crude fat content, which was increased in the haunch of females from both species. The energy content in the muscle of roe deer was 10% higher than the energy value of MS in red deer (p ≤ 0.05). The content of iron was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher (6.64 mg/kg) in the meat of red deer compared to the meat of roe deer (31.68 mg/kg). Roe deer haunch contained more lead but less cadmium than red deer haunch. Irrespective of sex, the lipid fraction of red deer muscle contained more saturated fatty acids (SFA). Intramuscular fat (IMF) in roe deer meat contained a higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity (TI) index values were significantly lower in roe deer haunch, and the hypocholesterolaemic-to-hypercholesterolaemic fatty acids ratio (HH) was lower (p ≤ 0.05) in red deer meat. To sum up, the evaluated roe deer and red deer haunch featured high dietary value as it contained a high protein and low fat content and had an advantageous fatty acids composition. As regards the content of cadmium and lead, roe deer and red deer haunch can be considered safe for consumers.

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Characterization of Rhodococcus equi isolates from submaxillary lymph nodes of wild boars (Sus scrofa), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.04.020 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 172 (1-2) ◽

pp. 272-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Magdalena Rzewuska ◽

Lucjan Witkowski ◽

Agata A. Cisek ◽

Ilona Stefańska ◽

Dorota Chrobak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Sus Scrofa ◽

Red Deer ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Rhodococcus Equi ◽

Wild Boars

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Bioserotypes and virulence markers of Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus)

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.2478/pjvs-2014-0043 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 315-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

A. Bancerz-Kisiel ◽

A. Szczerba-Turek ◽

A. Platt-Samoraj ◽

P. Socha ◽

W. Szweda

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Hunting Season ◽

Virulence Markers ◽

Serotype O ◽

Gene Coding ◽

Environmental Reservoir ◽

Enterocolitica Infection

AbstractFree-living animals are an important environmental reservoir of pathogens dangerous for other animal species and humans. One of those is Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica, the causative agent of yersiniosis - foodborne, enzootic disease, significant for public health. The purpose of the study was to identify bioserotypes and virulence markers of Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) obtained during the 2010/2011 hunting season in north-eastern Poland. From among 48 rectal swabs obtained from 24 roe deer, two strains of Y. enterocolitica from one animal were isolated. Although both belonged to biotype 1A they were identified as different serotypes. The strain obtained from cold culture (PSB) belonged to serotype O:5, while the strain isolated from warm culture (ITC) was regarded as nonidentified (NI), what may suggest mixed infection in that animal. The presence of ystB gene, coding for YstB enterotoxin, directly related to Y. enterocolitica pathogenicity was detected in both strains using triplex PCR. The effect of the examination of 32 swabs obtained from 16 red deer was the isolation of two Y. enterocolitica strains from two different animals. Both belonged to biotype 1A with NI serotype, but were originated from different types of culture. They gave positive results in case of products of a size corresponding to the ystB gene. No amplicons corresponding to ail and ystA genes were found. Roe deer and red deer may carry and shed Y. enterocolitica, what seems to be important in aspect of an environmental reservoir of this pathogen. The Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from wild ruminants had the amplicons of the ystB gene, what suggest they can be potential source of Y. enterocolitica infection for humans

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Soil nutrients and deer density affect antler size of the Carpathian red deer

Mammalian Biology ◽

10.1007/s42991-021-00203-5 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Smolko ◽

Peter Garaj ◽

Tibor Lebocký ◽

Ľubomír Bútora ◽

Tibor Pataky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Nutrients ◽

Red Deer ◽

Deer Density ◽

Antler Size

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PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT DALAM UPAYA PENGENDALIAN KEBAKARAN HUTAN DI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG CIREMAI Community Role to the Forest Fire Control in Mount Ciremai National Park

Journal of Tropical Silviculture ◽

10.29244/j-siltrop.8.2.141-146 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 141-146

Author(s):

Bambang Hero Saharjo ◽

Guntala Wibisana

Keyword(s):

National Parks ◽

Forest Fire ◽

Forest Fires ◽

National Park ◽

Human Factor ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Primary Data ◽

Fire Control ◽

Questionnaire Research

Forest fires cause losses and negative impact. Forest fire in mountain Ciremai national park caused by human factor. Efforts to control forest fires currently preferred by involving the community. This research is done using primary data and information obtained from filling the questionnaire. Research is taking samples from three villages namely Cibuntu village, Padabeunghar villages, and Kaduela village. Respondents were interviewed 90 respondents. Based on researches known that the area around the national park had high perception of Ciremai national existance. They argue that the mountain Ciremai national parks useful in life and the management of mountain Ciremai national parks better. Based on the scoring of 90 respondents 70 of them have a highperception of the forest fire control in mountain Ciremai national park, it means that most of people have participated in efforts to control forest fire.Key words: Forest fire,community role, forest fire control

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