Pollinator declines and the stability of plant–pollinator networks

AbstractThere is growing concern, locally and globally, about the health of pollinating insects and their decreasing abundance and diversity. While roads may also be contributing to insect pollinator declines (roads can contribute to habitat fragmentation and habitat destruction), roadsides may provide opportunities for pollinating insect conservation. Yet to use these areas to support local pollinating insects, we need to understand which plants will support wild pollinators, especially of conservation concern. To that end, we researched the potential plant-pollinator networks of three existing seed mixes in western New York (USA) – a roadside seed mix, a pollinator-friendly planting mix, and a lawn seed mix. We used publicly available information and built bipartite graphs to show the resulting networks. The pollinator-friendly seed mix supported the most pollinating insects overall and taxa of conservation concern. Yet the roadside mix, with the same species richness as the lawn seed mix, supported a different network based on the plants in the mix. Our results inform which particular plant species in existing seed mixes in western New York can support wild pollinating insect species of concern in the region. Additionally, our results show potentially how roadside and lawn plantings may be altered to support a broader network of pollinating insects.

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Climate warming changes synchrony of plants and pollinators

10.1101/2021.01.10.425984 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jonas Freimuth ◽

Oliver Bossdorf ◽

J. F. Scheepens ◽

Franziska M. Willems

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Temperature Variation ◽

Climate Warming ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Insect Pollinators ◽

The Future ◽

The 1960S ◽

The Stability ◽

Plant Pollinator ◽

Occurrence Records

AbstractClimate warming changes the phenology of many species. When interacting organisms respond differently, climate change may disrupt their interactions and affect the stability of ecosystems. Here, we used GBIF occurrence records to examine phenology trends in plants and their associated insect pollinators in Germany since the 1960s. We found strong phenological advances in plants, but differences in the extent of shifts among pollinator groups. The temporal trends in plant and insect phenologies were generally associated with interannual temperature variation, and thus likely driven by climate change. The phenological advancement of plants did not depend on their level of pollinator dependence. When examining the temporal co-occurrence of plant-pollinator pairs from 1980 onwards, the temporal trends in their synchrony again depended on the pollinator group: while the synchrony of plant-butterfly interactions remained unchanged, interactions with bees and hoverflies tended to become more synchronized, mainly because the phenology of plants responded more strongly to climate change and plants caught up with these pollinators. If the observed trends continue, these interactions are expected to become more asynchronous again in the future. Our study demonstrates that climate change affects the phenologies of interacting groups of organisms, and that it also influences their synchrony.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Land-use impacts on plant-pollinator networks: interaction strength and specialization predict pollinator declines.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718325695.793501464 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Rachael Winfree ◽

Mark Genung

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Interaction Strength ◽

Land Use Impacts ◽

Plant Pollinator ◽

Pollinator Declines

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Open discussion

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900029533 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 99 ◽

pp. 605-613

Author(s):

P. S. Conti

Keyword(s):

Buenos Aires ◽

Large Mass ◽

List Type ◽

Common Phenomenon ◽

Open Discussion ◽

The Stability ◽

Ring Nebulae

Conti: One of the main conclusions of the Wolf-Rayet symposium in Buenos Aires was that Wolf-Rayet stars are evolutionary products of massive objects. Some questions:–Do hot helium-rich stars, that are not Wolf-Rayet stars, exist?–What about the stability of helium rich stars of large mass? We know a helium rich star of ∼40 MO. Has the stability something to do with the wind?–Ring nebulae and bubbles : this seems to be a much more common phenomenon than we thought of some years age.–What is the origin of the subtypes? This is important to find a possible matching of scenarios to subtypes.

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Symmetric Multistep Methods Revisited: II. Numerical Experiments

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100031602 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 173 ◽

pp. 309-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. Fukushima

Keyword(s):

Multistep Methods ◽

Computational Time ◽

Integration Time ◽

Implicit Methods ◽

Symmetric Methods ◽

Celestial Bodies ◽

The Stability ◽

Predictor Corrector ◽

Symmetric Multistep Methods ◽

Integration Errors

AbstractBy using the stability condition and general formulas developed by Fukushima (1998 = Paper I) we discovered that, just as in the case of the explicit symmetric multistep methods (Quinlan and Tremaine, 1990), when integrating orbital motions of celestial bodies, the implicit symmetric multistep methods used in the predictor-corrector manner lead to integration errors in position which grow linearly with the integration time if the stepsizes adopted are sufficiently small and if the number of corrections is sufficiently large, say two or three. We confirmed also that the symmetric methods (explicit or implicit) would produce the stepsize-dependent instabilities/resonances, which was discovered by A. Toomre in 1991 and confirmed by G.D. Quinlan for some high order explicit methods. Although the implicit methods require twice or more computational time for the same stepsize than the explicit symmetric ones do, they seem to be preferable since they reduce these undesirable features significantly.

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Uniformity of Magnification from Different Electron Microscopes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100060179 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 32-33

Author(s):

Godfrey C. Hoskins ◽

V. Williams ◽

V. Allison

Keyword(s):

Diffraction Grating ◽

The Other ◽

Carbon Replica ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

The Stability

The method demonstrated is an adaptation of a proven procedure for accurately determining the magnification of light photomicrographs. Because of the stability of modern electrical lenses, the method is shown to be directly applicable for providing precise reproducibility of magnification in various models of electron microscopes.A readily recognizable area of a carbon replica of a crossed-line diffraction grating is used as a standard. The same area of the standard was photographed in Phillips EM 200, Hitachi HU-11B2, and RCA EMU 3F electron microscopes at taps representative of the range of magnification of each. Negatives from one microscope were selected as guides and printed at convenient magnifications; then negatives from each of the other microscopes were projected to register with these prints. By deferring measurement to the print rather than comparing negatives, correspondence of magnification of the specimen in the three microscopes could be brought to within 2%.

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Effect of Improved ThO2 Particle Dispersion in Nickel on High-Temperature Strength

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100069211 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 444-445

Author(s):

E. R. Kimmel ◽

H. L. Anthony ◽

W. Scheithauer

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Metal Matrix ◽

Oxide Particle ◽

Oxide Phase ◽

Dislocation Motion ◽

Particle Dispersion ◽

High Temperature Strength ◽

Strengthening Effect ◽

Oxide Particles ◽

The Stability

The strengthening effect at high temperature produced by a dispersed oxide phase in a metal matrix is seemingly dependent on at least two major contributors: oxide particle size and spatial distribution, and stability of the worked microstructure. These two are strongly interrelated. The stability of the microstructure is produced by polygonization of the worked structure forming low angle cell boundaries which become anchored by the dispersed oxide particles. The effect of the particles on strength is therefore twofold, in that they stabilize the worked microstructure and also hinder dislocation motion during loading.

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An Analysis of Dissociation of Molecules in a High Resolution Electron Microscope

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100072873 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 486-487

Author(s):

Mihir Parikh

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

High Resolution ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Peak Intensity ◽

Molecular Film ◽

Resolution Electron ◽

Dissociation Cross Section ◽

High Resolution Electron Microscope ◽

The Stability

It is well known that the resolution of bio-molecules in a high resolution electron microscope depends not just on the physical resolving power of the instrument, but also on the stability of these molecules under the electron beam. Experimentally, the damage to the bio-molecules is commo ly monitored by the decrease in the intensity of the diffraction pattern, or more quantitatively by the decrease in the peaks of an energy loss spectrum. In the latter case the exposure, EC, to decrease the peak intensity from IO to I’O can be related to the molecular dissociation cross-section, σD, by EC = ℓn(IO /I’O) /ℓD. Qu ntitative data on damage cross-sections are just being reported, However, the microscopist needs to know the explicit dependence of damage on: (1) the molecular properties, (2) the density and characteristics of the molecular film and that of the support film, if any, (3) the temperature of the molecular film and (4) certain characteristics of the electron microscope used

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Formation and Structure of Casein Micelles in Lactating Mammary Tissue

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100067741 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 150-151

Author(s):

Robert J. Carroll ◽

Marvin P. Thompson ◽

Harold M. Farrell

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

G Protein ◽

Milk Proteins ◽

Mammary Tissue ◽

Colloidal System ◽

Casein Micelles ◽

The Stability

Milk is an unusually stable colloidal system; the stability of this system is due primarily to the formation of micelles by the major milk proteins, the caseins. Numerous models for the structure of casein micelles have been proposed; these models have been formulated on the basis of in vitro studies. Synthetic casein micelles (i.e., those formed by mixing the purified αsl- and k-caseins with Ca2+ in appropriate ratios) are dissimilar to those from freshly-drawn milks in (i) size distribution, (ii) ratio of Ca/P, and (iii) solvation (g. water/g. protein). Evidently, in vivo organization of the caseins into the micellar form occurs in-a manner which is not identical to the in vitro mode of formation.

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