Long‐term persistence of experimental populations beyond a species’ natural range

Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regan L. Cross ◽  
Christopher G. Eckert
Keyword(s):  
Natural Range ◽  
Experimental Populations

scholarly journals Influence of Cryphonectria parasitica Basal Cankers on Radial Growth of Scarlet Oak in Pennsylvania

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Davis ◽  
Mary L. Torsello ◽  
James R. McClenahen
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Endothia Parasitica

Basal cankers induced by Cryphonectria parasitica (=Endothia parasitica) occur throughout the natural range of scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea) within Pennsylvania. Because colonization of scarlet oak is thought to be a long-term host/pathogen relationship, analyses were conducted to investigate effects of basal cankers on radial growth (expressed as area increment) at 1.4 m, breast height (BH). Moderately cankered oaks grew more slowly at BH than did noncankered trees. However, severely cankered scarlet oaks generally exhibited greater radial growth at BH than did noncankered trees. This apparent anomaly likely reflects stimulated growth at BH due to the fungal infection.

scholarly journals Selection Affects Genes Involved in Replication during Long-Term Evolution in Experimental Populations of the Bacteriophage φX174

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e60401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste J. Brown ◽  
Jack Millstein ◽  
Christopher J. Williams ◽  
Holly A. Wichman
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Experimental Populations

The disturbance regime of Norway spruce forests in Bulgaria

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1143-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momchil Panayotov ◽  
Peter Bebi ◽  
Nickolay Tsvetanov ◽  
Neno Alexandrov ◽  
Lucinda Laranjeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Disturbance Regime ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Old Trees

Natural disturbances are among the most important factors that shape forest dynamics and forest landscapes. However, the natural disturbance regime of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forests in Europe is not well understood. We studied the disturbance regimes in three forest reserves in Bulgaria (Parangalitsa, Bistrishko branishte, and Beglika), which are representative of the range of conditions typical for P. abies ecosystems in central and southern Europe. Our data indicated that large-scale disturbances were most numerous in forests that were between 120 and 160 years old, those with unimodal diameter at breast height (DBH) distributions, and especially those located in vulnerable topographic settings. Wind disturbances ranged up to 60 ha, followed in one case by a 200 ha Ips typographus (Linnaeus, 1758) outbreak. Older forests and those with more complex structures (i.e., reverse-J DBH) were characterized by numerous small gaps but were also affected by a few larger disturbances. In some old-growth forests at highly productive sites, gaps could be so numerous that the long-term existence of old trees may become an exception. Over the past centuries, the natural range of variability of these Norway spruce forests in Bulgaria appears to have been shaped mostly by wind and bark beetle disturbances of various sizes.

scholarly journals Does the Introduction of Alien Species Represent a Sanitary Threat for Native Species? The Case of the Eastern Cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus in Italy

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Tizzani ◽  
Daniela Andrade ◽  
Anna Rita Molinar Min ◽  
Andrea Peano ◽  
Pier Giuseppe Meneguz
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Sylvilagus Floridanus ◽  
Ecological Community ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasite ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Introduction of alien species is a well-known threat to biodiversity. Where newly introduced, alien species may pose a risk for the local ecological community by competing for resources or by introducing pathogens. Sylvilagus floridanus is an American lagomorph introduced into Europe in the second half of 20th century, for hunting. This study evaluated the structure and epidemiological characteristics of the gastrointestinal parasite community in an introduced population of S. floridanus in the Province of Alessandria (Piedmont Region—Italy). Three alien parasites were reported out of 271 animals: Obeliscoides cuniculi in the stomach, Trichostrongylus calcaratus in the small intestine, and Passarulus nonnanulatus in the large intestine. All these nematodes are commonly reported in S. floridanus in its natural range, but they represent alien species in Europe. The report of these alien parasites is an example of the unexpected consequences caused by the introduction of non-native vertebrates. The documented introduction of new pathogens may alter the parasite community of the native lagomorphs, with possible long-term effects on local ecological dynamics.

The impact of low temperatures in controlling the geographical distribution of plants

1990 ◽  
Vol 326 (1237) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Distribution Limits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Temperature Responses

The distribution limits of three species, in the British Isles are discussed. For Verbena officinalis and Tilia cordata low temperatures are shown to influence distribution, by limiting the capacity either to flower or to fertilize ovules, respectively. In the case of Umbilicus rupestris , a long-term transplant population beyond the natural geographical limit of the species has evolved new low-temperature responses of seed germination and winter survival. The effect is a marked change of phenology, compared with populations of the species within its natural range, which enhances the capacity of the population to survive in a colder environment.

scholarly journals Using Food Webs and Metabolic Theory to Monitor, Model, and Manage Atlantic Salmon—A Keystone Species Under Threat

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Woodward ◽  
Olivia Morris ◽  
José Barquín ◽  
Andrea Belgrano ◽  
Colin Bull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Metabolic Theory ◽  
Huge Data ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Underlying Causes

Populations of Atlantic salmon are crashing across most of its natural range: understanding the underlying causes and predicting these collapses in time to intervene effectively are urgent ecological and socioeconomic priorities. Current management techniques rely on phenomenological analyses of demographic population time-series and thus lack a mechanistic understanding of how and why populations may be declining. New multidisciplinary approaches are thus needed to capitalize on the long-term, large-scale population data that are currently scattered across various repositories in multiple countries, as well as marshaling additional data to understand the constraints on the life cycle and how salmon operate within the wider food web. Here, we explore how we might combine data and theory to develop the mechanistic models that we need to predict and manage responses to future change. Although we focus on Atlantic salmon—given the huge data resources that already exist for this species—the general principles developed here could be applied and extended to many other species and ecosystems.

scholarly journals Shell Banding and Color Polymorphism of the Introduced Snail Cepaea nemoralis (Gastropoda, Helicidae) in Lviv, Western Ukraine

Zoodiversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
N. V. Gural-Sverlova ◽  
R. I. Gural
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Color Polymorphism ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Cepaea Nemoralis ◽  
Gene Drift ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Natural Range

Th e shell coloration was studied in more than three thousand adults of the grove snail, Cepaea nemoralis (Linnaeus, 1758), from 15 colonies discovered in 2019–2020 in Lviv City and in the immediate vicinity of its south-ern administrative border (Zubra village). In most colonies, relatively light phenotypes prevailed: most oft en P00000, less oft en Y00000 or Y00300. In total, more than a third of the collected specimens had the phenotype P00000. Great variability of the phenotypic and genetic structure of this introduced species in the study area was demonstrated, which usually does not have a clear connection with the locations of colonies or with the shading of habitats. Th is may be due to both random factors (founder eff ect, gene drift in recently formed colonies), and the relative youth of the colonies. In the future, the obtained data can be used to monitor possible long-term changes in the phenotypic composition of the investigated colonies to assess the potential eff ect of selective factors on this composition, fi rst of all, climatic selection outside the natural range of C. nemoralis.

scholarly journals Historically unprecedented Northern Gulf of Mexico hurricane activity from 650 to 1250 CE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Rodysill ◽  
Jeffrey P. Donnelly ◽  
Richard Sullivan ◽  
Philip D. Lane ◽  
Michael Toomey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Storm Activity ◽  
Northern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hurricane Wind ◽  
Past 2000 Years ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Hurricane Activity ◽  
Florida Panhandle

Abstract Hurricane Michael (2018) was the first Category 5 storm on record to make landfall on the Florida panhandle since at least 1851 CE (Common Era), and it resulted in the loss of 59 lives and $25 billion in damages across the southeastern U.S. This event placed a spotlight on recent intense (exceeding Category 4 or 5 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale) hurricane landfalls, prompting questions about the natural range in variability of hurricane activity that the instrumental record is too short to address. Of particular interest is determining whether the frequency of recent intense hurricane landfalls in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) is within or outside the natural range of intense hurricane activity prior to 1851 CE. In this study, we identify intense hurricane landfalls in northwest Florida during the past 2000 years based on coarse anomaly event detection from two coastal lacustrine sediment archives. We identified a historically unprecedented period of heightened storm activity common to four Florida panhandle localities from 650 to 1250 CE and a shift to a relatively quiescent storm climate in the GOM spanning the past six centuries. Our study provides long-term context for events like Hurricane Michael and suggests that the observational period 1851 CE to present may underrepresent the natural range in landfalling hurricane activity.

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