From nuclear energy developmental state to energy transition in South Korea: The role of the political epistemic community

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taedong Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Epistemic Community ◽  
The Political

scholarly journals Revisiting Bureaucratic Dysfunction: The Role of Bureaucracy in Democratization

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-147
Author(s):  
Im Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Missing Link

While many studies have focused on the link between economics and democracy in exploring the strategies adopted by developing countries, they have tended to overlook the role of bureaucracy in democratization. This study seeks the missing link between bureaucracy and democratization. What are the conditions necessary for bureaucracy to facilitate the democratization process of a country? This article begins by briefly reviewing the bureaucracy literature from Max Weber and Karl Marx and then argues that despite its shortcomings, bureaucracy in its Weberian form can facilitate the political democratization of a developmental state. This study concludes that although bureaucracy is often regarded as dysfunctional, it can be instrumental in the democratization process in the context of the developmental state.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Power Mixes for Green Growth: How South Korea and Japan See Nuclear Energy Differently

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5681
Author(s):  
Eunjung Lim
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
New Deal ◽  
News Media ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Green Growth ◽  
Carbon Neutrality

South Korea and Japan are two large contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. In October 2020, President Moon Jae-in and Prime Minister Suga Yoshihide declared that their countries would aim for carbon neutrality by 2050. The Moon administration presented the Korean version of the New Deal that includes its Green New Deal, whereas the Suga administration completed its strategy aiming for green growth. Both countries emphasize the importance of energy transition through the expansion of green energy in power generation. However, they show some significant differences in dealing with nuclear energy. The purpose of this article is to compare the two countries’ energy policies and analyze the rationales and political dynamics behind their different approaches to nuclear energy. The study reveals that the contrast between the two political systems has resulted in differences between their policies. This study depends on comparative methods that use primary sources, such as governmental documents and reports by local news media.

scholarly journals Nuclear Power in Poland’s Energy Transition

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3626
Author(s):  
Janusz Gierszewski ◽  
Łukasz Młynarkiewicz ◽  
Tomasz R. Nowacki ◽  
Jacek Dworzecki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

This article presents an analysis of the future role of nuclear energy in Poland’s path to a low-carbon energy transition. The arguments in favor of implementing nuclear power are to be found on three levels: energy security, economic competitiveness and energy efficiency, and lastly, limited environmental impact. In the process of creating this study, the methodology in the field of security sciences was used, including its interdisciplinary approach. Theoretical methods were used, e.g., critical analysis of scientific sources and comparison of statistical data and empirical methods, e.g., document analysis, comparative analysis. The article is based on an analysis of the literature on the subject, applicable legal acts, and government strategies in the field of energy security. The article contains the results of research no. BS.21.6.13 carried out by a research team from the Pomeranian Academy in Słupsk that allowed to indicate the probable directions of transformation of the energy sector in Poland in the next decade.

The Political Economy of Heavy Industrialization: The Heavy and Chemical Industry (HCI) Push in South Korea in the 1970s

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUMI HORIKANE
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
The Political

Korea under the Park regime (1961–1979) is known as a typical example of the East Asian developmental state. Many students of development, both economists and political scientists, have studied it, producing a substantial accumulation of knowledge. However, most writers have, in fact, focused on the policies and politics of the first half of the era. The second half was, politically, a notoriously authoritarian dictatorship, through which the regime strongly pushed its controversial heavy and chemical industrialization program. This program is frequently criticized for being based upon irrational industrial targeting that generated great inefficiency in the economy. The explanation for such irrational policy has been attributed to politics, or the authoritarian nature of the regime, which actually does not explain much.

Internal Battles and External Wars: Politics, Learning, and the Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan

1993 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Mendelson
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International System ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Epistemic Community ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Soviet Foreign Policy

Studies explaining the end of the cold war and change in Soviet foreign policy tend to emphasize the role of the international system: decision makers “learned lessons” about the international system, and this learning brought about Soviet accommodationist policies. Such systemic and cognitive learning approaches tend, however, to mask the political and highly contingent nature of the policy changes. To understand these changes, one must explore how certain ideas got placed on the political agenda and how others were forced off.This essay stresses the role of ideas about both the foreign and the domestic scene, as well as the role of a network of specialists that helped put these ideas on the national agenda. Ideas alone cannot explain any one outcome. They must be understood in terms of the political process by which they are selected. Ideas are more likely to be implemented and epistemic communities are more likely to be influential under three conditions: (1) access to the leadership, (2) salience of the ideas to the leadership, and (3) the ability of the leadership to control the political agenda.One critical example of great change in foreign policy was the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan. This study examines the interplay of ideas and politics over time and explains how the decision to withdraw was implemented and why it occurred when it did. It focuses on (1) the mobilization of an epistemic community before Gorbachev came to power, (2) massive personnel changes within Soviet institutions in the 1980s, and (3) the empowerment of the epistemic community once Gorbachev had consolidated his power.

scholarly journals Unbuilding from the Inside: Leadership and Democratization in South Africa and South Korea

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Structural Configuration ◽  
Made In

Leaders have an important role in initiating and shaping the democratization process. Formal and informal structures within the political system constrain possible options requiring leaders to exercise agency to manage expectations and facilitate change. This article examines the actions of F.W. de Klerk (South Africa) and Roh Tae Woo (South Korea) in initiating processes that eventually led to the consolidation of democratic political systems. The aims of the article are: (1) to identify the array of opportunities and threats faced by the two leaders; and (2) to determine the effect of regime form in shaping these structural factors. Drawing on previous work on the role of leadership in democratization, the analysis focuses on four factors: authority, institutions, opposition and continuity. To assess decisions made in the distinct political contexts the article examines how the respective structural configuration (one-party and military) was managed.

scholarly journals Institutions and Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 321-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mushtaq H. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
The Political ◽  
Holding Power ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Political Settlement

The role of institutions in Asian development has been intensely contested since Gunnar Myrdal’s Asian Drama, with later contributions from institutional economics and developmental state theory. Despite much progress, the dominant approaches do not agree about the institutions that matter, nor do they explain why similar institutions delivered such different results across countries. Cultural norms and informal institutions clearly matter but the appropriate norms did not already exist in successful countries; they evolved over time. The distribution of holding power across different types of organizations, the ‘political settlement’, can explain the diversity of experiences better and help to develop more effective policy. This chapter outlines Myrdal’s contribution to institutional analysis and how modern institutional analysis has built on his analysis, then, drawing on the experiences of Asian countries, sets out an alternative institutional analysis based on political settlements, and the implications for the analysis of the effectiveness of institutions.

Bad Loans to Good Friends: Money Politics and the Developmental State in South Korea

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Kang
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Democratic Transition ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Asian Development ◽  
Independence Era ◽  
Economic Considerations

Why has the literature on Asian development not addressed the issue of money politics in South Korea? How can we reconcile the view of an efficient developmental state in South Korea before 1997 with reports of massive corruption and inefficiency in that same country in 1998 and 1999? Politics is central to the answer. In this study I make two arguments. First, money politics was extensive in South Korea both during and after the high-growth era. Second, political—not economic—considerations dominated policymaking. This study explains both past and present and compares the patterns of money politics in the early post-independence era with those that arose after the democratic transition in 1987. While during the Park era a balance of power between businessmen and politicians kept corruption from spinning out of control, the transition to democracy altered the basic business-state relationship, allowing business to exert greater influence over policy decisions. The political hypothesis advanced in this study suggests a new direction for our research about the developmental state.

Transforming the East Asian developmental state: Democratic mobilisation and the role of the middle class

2020 ◽  
pp. 205789111989785
Author(s):  
Tian He
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
South Korea ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Business Elites ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
Growth Promoting

Many studies have noted the reduction in the effectiveness of the East Asian developmental state in formulating growth-promoting policy in South Korea and Taiwan. Current literature attributes the transformation of the developmental state model to the rise of business elites and organised labour. This article argues that another type of social actor – the middle class – also contributed to the state’s reduced capability in directing economic development. Unlike business elites and organised labour who directly challenge the state’s policy decision, the middle class forces East Asian ruling elites to democratise the political system of a country. The democratic transition pushed by the middle class consequently facilitates the emergence of policy constraints on the state’s economic decision-making process. I elaborate this argument in the two divergent cases: the transformation of the developmental state in South Korea and the non-transformation of the developmental state in Singapore.

The Role of State on the Process of Market Economic Institution Improvement: Korean Experience and Implication to Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Truc Le ◽  
Pham Thi Hong Diep
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
The State ◽  
East Asian Country ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Market Economic ◽  
Economic Institution

Among actors participating in market economic institutions, State is an important one that can set out and monitor the implementation of the “rules of the game”. In the different models of market economic institutions, the role of state also manifests itself not only at the scale of the state, but more importantly, at its objectives, tools and ways of participation into economy. Korea is an East Asian country that has achieved phenomenal growth during the second half of the twentieth century. The process of improving the market economy in Korea through different periods of development clearly demonstrates the role of a strong state, while being very flexible in regulating the economy according to market signals. This paper focuses on the role of the state in the market economic institutions of different stages of development in Korea, thus drawing implications for improving the market economic institutions in Vietnam. Keywords Korea, state, market economic institution, Vietnam [1] Đinh Văn Ân, Lê Xuân Bá (đồng chủ biên), Tiếp tục xây dựng và hoàn thiện thể chế kinh tế thị trường định hướng xã hội chủ nghĩa ở Việt Nam, NXB. Khoa học Kỹ thuật, Hà Nội, 2006.[2] Lê Xuân Bá, “Thể chế kinh tế thị trường định hướng xã hội chủ nghĩa ở Việt Nam: Một số vấn đề lý luận và thực tiễn”, CIEM, Trung tâm Thông tin - tư liệu, 2011.[3] Đinh Tuấn Minh, Phạm Thế Anh, Báo cáo phát triển nền kinh tế thị trường Việt Nam 2014, NXB. Tri thức, Hà Nội, 2015.[4] Lương Xuân Quỳ, Vai trò của nhà nước Việt Nam trong quá trình chuyển sang kinh tế thị trường định hướng xã hội chủ nghĩa và hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế, NXB. Chính trị Quốc gia, Hà Nội, 2009.[5] Woo-Cumings, The Developmental State, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999.[6] Bộ Văn hóa, Thể Thao và Du lịch Hàn Quốc, Hàn Quốc Đất nước – Con người, 2009.[7] http://www.tradingeconomics.com/south-korea/gdp-growth-annual[8] http://www.tradingeconomics.com/south-korea/gdp [9] Jo Soon, Sự năng động của nền kinh tế Hàn Quốc, NXB. Đại học Quốc gia Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, 2000.[10] Ho Uk, Jeon Houngcheung, Kim Hayam, Kim Okjin, The Political Economy of South Korea: Economic Growth, Democratization, and Financial Crisis, Contemporary Asian Study Series, 2005.[11] Jeong Hamyoung, The Role of Administrative Law in Economic Development and Democracy in Korea - Korea Legislation Research Institute, Introduction to Korean Law, Seoul: Springer, 2013, 85-112.[12] Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam, Văn kiện Đại hội đại biểu toàn quốc lần thứ XII, NXB. Chính trị Quốc gia, Hà Nội, 2016

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