Is fish embryo test (FET) according to OECD 236 sensible enough for delivering quality data for effluent risk assessment?

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2925-2932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Alberto Alegre Stelzer ◽  
Catiusa Kuchak Rosin ◽  
Luana Hainzenreder Bauer ◽  
Marilia Hartmann ◽  
Fernando Hepp Pulgati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Fish Embryo ◽  
Fish Embryo Test

A national approach to risk assessment for drinking water catchments in Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Miller ◽  
B. Whitehill ◽  
D. Deere
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Data

This paper comments on the strengths and weaknesses of different methodologies for risk assessment, appropriate for utilisation by Australian Water Utilities in risk assessment for drinking water source protection areas. It is intended that a suggested methodology be recommended as a national approach to catchment risk assessment. Catchment risk management is a process for setting priorities for protecting drinking water quality in source water areas. It is structured through a series of steps for identifying water quality hazards, assessing the threat posed, and prioritizing actions to address the threat. Water management organisations around Australia are at various stages of developing programs for catchment risk management. While much conceptual work has been done on the individual components of catchment risk management, work on these components has not previously been combined to form a management tool for source water protection. A key driver for this project has been the requirements of the National Health and Medical Research Council Framework for the Management of Drinking Water Quality (DWQMF) included in the draft 2002 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG). The Framework outlines a quality management system of steps for the Australian water industry to follow with checks and balances to ensure water quality is protected from catchment to tap. Key steps in the Framework that relate to this project are as follows: Element 2 Assessment of the Drinking Water Supply System• Water Supply System analysis• Review of Water Quality Data• Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Element 3 Preventive Measures for Drinking Water Quality Management• Preventive Measures and Multiple Barriers• Critical Control Points This paper provides an evaluation of the following risk assessment techniques: Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP); World Health Organisation Water Safety Plans; Australian Standard AS 4360; and The Australian Drinking Water Guidelines – Drinking Water Quality Management Framework. These methods were selected for assessment in this report as they provided coverage of the different approaches being used across Australia by water utilities of varying: scale of water management organisation; types of water supply system management; and land use and activity-based risks in the catchment area of the source. Initially, different risk assessment methodologies were identified and reviewed. Then examples of applications of those methods were assessed, based on several key water utilities across Australia and overseas. Strengths and weaknesses of each approach were identified. In general there seems some general grouping of types of approaches into those that: cover the full catchment-to-tap drinking water system; cover just the catchment area of the source and do not recognise downstream barriers or processes; use water quality data or land use risks as a key driving component; and are based primarily on the hazard whilst others are based on a hazardous event. It is considered that an initial process of screening water quality data is very valuable in determining key water quality issues and guiding the risk assessment, and to the overall understanding of the catchment and water source area, allowing consistency with the intentions behind the ADWG DWQM Framework. As such, it is suggested that the recommended national risk assessment approach has two key introductory steps: initial screening of key issues via water quality data, and land use or activity scenario and event-based HACCP-style risk assessment. In addition, the importance of recognising the roles that uncertainty and bias plays in risk assessments was highlighted. As such it was deemed necessary to develop and integrate uncertainty guidelines for information used in the risk assessment process. A hybrid risk assessment methodology was developed, based on the HACCP approach, but with some key additions and modifications to make it applicable to varying catchment risks, water supply operation needs and environmental management processes.

Uncertainty Estimation During the Process of Flood Risk Assessment in Developing Countries – Case Study in the Pampanga River Basin –

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Okazumi ◽  
◽  
Mamoru Miyamoto ◽  
Badri Bhakta Shrestha ◽  
Maksym Gusyev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Flood Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Task ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
Assessment Results

Flood risk assessment should be one of the basic methods for disaster damage mitigation to identify and estimate potential damage before disasters and to provide appropriate information for countermeasures. Existing methods usually do not account for uncertainty in risk assessment results. The concept of uncertainty is especially important for developing countries where risk assessment results may often be unreliable due to inadequate and poor quality data. We focus on three questions concerning risk assessment results in this study: a) How much does lack of data in developing countries influence flood risk assessment results? b) Which datamost influence the results? and c) Which data should be prioritized in data collection to improve risk assessment effectiveness? We found the largest uncertainty in the damage data among observation, model, and agricultural damage calculations. We conclude that reliable disaster damage data collection must be emphasized to obtain reliable flood risk assessment results and prevent uncertainty where possible. We propose actions to improve assessment task efficiency and investment effectiveness for developing countries.

Fish Embryo Test (FET)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Duffus ◽  
Michael Schwenk ◽  
Douglas M. Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Fish Embryo ◽  
Fish Embryo Test

The fish embryo test (FET): origin, applications, and future

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 16247-16261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Braunbeck ◽  
Britta Kais ◽  
Eva Lammer ◽  
Jens Otte ◽  
Katharina Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Embryo ◽  
Fish Embryo Test

DMSO modifies the permeability of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) chorion-Implications for the fish embryo test (FET)

2013 ◽  
Vol 140-141 ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kais ◽  
K.E. Schneider ◽  
S. Keiter ◽  
K. Henn ◽  
C. Ackermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Fish Embryo ◽  
Fish Embryo Test

scholarly journals Thrombosis Risk Assessment In The COVID-19 Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Joseph A Caprini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Thrombosis Risk ◽  
Anticoagulant Drugs ◽  
Venous Thromboembolic Events ◽  
Venous Thromboembolic ◽  
Risk Scoring ◽  
Anticoagulant Prophylaxis

The appearance of the coronavirus pandemic has prompted a renewed interest in thrombosis risk assessment, particularly since this disease is associated with a high risk of thrombotic events. It is known that the number one preventable cause of death in hospitalized patients including those having surgical procedures is fatal pulmonary emboli. There is also high-quality data that the use of anticoagulant drugs in the proper dose, and for the period of time shown to be efficacious, will prevent most fatal events. It is true that even with the use of the best anticoagulant regimes venous thromboembolic events (VTE) can still occur but are rarely fatal. We also realize that providing adequate anticoagulant prophylaxis for the entire period of risk is the key to preventing these deaths.  Thrombosis risk scoring identifies who's at risk for these emboli and guides physician choices for appropriate preventive measures.

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment of Household Drinking Water in a District in the UAE

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mahmoud ◽  
Mohamed Hamouda ◽  
Ruwaya Al Kendi ◽  
Mohamed Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Sampling Points

The quality of household drinking water in a community of 30 houses in a district in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE) was assessed over a period of one year (January to November 2015). Standard analytical techniques were used to screen for water quality parameters and contaminants of concern. Water quality was evaluated in the 30 households at four sampling points: kitchen faucet, bathroom faucet, household water tank, and main water pipe. The sampling points were chosen to help identify the source when an elevated level of a particular contaminant is observed. Water quality data was interpreted by utilizing two main techniques: spatial variation analysis and multivariate statistical techniques. Initial analysis showed that many households had As, Cd, and Pb concentrations that were higher than the maximum allowable level set by UAE drinking water standards. In addition, the water main samples had the highest concentration of the heavy metals compared to other sampling points. Health risk assessment results indicated that approximately 30%, 55%, and 15% of the houses studied had a high, moderate, and low risk from the prolonged exposure to heavy metals, respectively. The analysis can help with planning a spatially focused sampling plan to confirm the study findings and set an appropriate course of action.

The fish embryo toxicity test as an animal alternative method in hazard and risk assessment and scientific research

2010 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle R. Embry ◽  
Scott E. Belanger ◽  
Thomas A. Braunbeck ◽  
Malyka Galay-Burgos ◽  
Marlies Halder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Fish Embryo ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Embryo Toxicity Test ◽  
Embryo Toxicity ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Hazard And Risk Assessment
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