Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (USDA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 6-6
Keyword(s):  
Food Research ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
Agriculture And Food

scholarly journals PSII-33 Differences in prostaglandin release in cows with high vs low circulating concentrations of pregnancy associated glycoproteins

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
Sydney T Reese ◽  
Kelsey Schubach ◽  
Alice Brandão ◽  
Sarah M West ◽  
Meaghan M O’Neil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
Prostaglandin Release ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
And Control

Abstract Embryonic mortality (EM) is a major factor limiting pregnancy rates in cattle and occurs early (< day 28) or late (≥ day 28) during gestation. However, causes and mechanisms associated with late EM remain unknown. Despite negative connotations related to pregnancy, prostaglandin F2α (PGF) is capable of being released by the bovine uterus between days 28 and 32 of gestation. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate differences in PGF release between cows with high circulating concentrations of pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAG) vs low PAG following an oxytocin (OT) challenge. Increased concentrations of PAG are associated with pregnancy success. At day 29 of gestation, pregnant cows were divided into high (n = 10) and low (n = 10) PAG groups and received either 100 I. U. of oxytocin intramuscularly (OT) or saline (control). Blood samples were collected every 30 minutes beginning 1 hour before and continuing for 4 hours after treatment. Prostaglandin F2α metabolite (PGFM), progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2) and PAG concentrations were determined. Peak concentration of PGFM occurred 2 hours after OT injection (average high PAG group peak: 345.6 ± 73.6 pg/mL; low PAG group peak: 326.4 ± 61.4 pg/mL, P > 0.05) and returned to baseline levels by 4 hours. No correlations were observed between PAG and PGFM concentrations (P > 0.05). There was no difference in initial or final PGFM concentrations between high or low PAG groups and control animals (P > 0.05). Furthermore, there was no difference in P4 or E2 concentration between treatment and control animals (P > 0.05) despite a luteolytic release of PGF2α. In summary, cows with high vs low PAG concentrations at day 30 of gestation have a similar PGFM response to OT challenge. This project supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2017-67015-26457 from USDA-NIFA.

scholarly journals 372 The timing of pregnancy losses in beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 123-124
Author(s):  
Ky G Pohler
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
Agriculture And Food

Abstract Pregnancy loss in beef cattle causes both management and economic challenges to a producer. Recent studies have been conducted to quantify reproductive failures that occur during fertilization, early embryonic development, and late embryonic/early fetal development periods of gestation in beef cattle. Minimizing reproductive inefficiency, specifically embryonic mortality (EM), is vital. Although fertilization rates are reportedly high in beef cattle, significant developmental failure occurs within the first 7 days of gestation. Approximately 28.4% of embryos will not develop past day 7 of gestation with most embryonic losses occurring before day 4. By the conclusion of the first month of gestation, 47.9% of cows submitted to a single insemination at day 0 will not be pregnant. Overall, late embryonic/fetal development between days 32 to 60 and 100 is 5.8% with a range of 3.2 to 42.7%. This talk will highlight some of the work our group is focusing on to determine timing and detection of pregnancy loss during these pivotal periods of pregnancy loss and potential management aspects to mitigate reproductive inefficiency. This was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2017-67015-26457 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

scholarly journals The role of citizen science in addressing grand challenges in food and agriculture research

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1891) ◽  
pp. 20181977 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Ryan ◽  
N. L. Adamson ◽  
A. Aktipis ◽  
L. K. Andersen ◽  
R. Austin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Grand Challenges ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Science Projects ◽  
Agriculture And Food

The power of citizen science to contribute to both science and society is gaining increased recognition, particularly in physics and biology. Although there is a long history of public engagement in agriculture and food science, the term ‘citizen science’ has rarely been applied to these efforts. Similarly, in the emerging field of citizen science, most new citizen science projects do not focus on food or agriculture. Here, we convened thought leaders from a broad range of fields related to citizen science, agriculture, and food science to highlight key opportunities for bridging these overlapping yet disconnected communities/fields and identify ways to leverage their respective strengths. Specifically, we show that (i) citizen science projects are addressing many grand challenges facing our food systems, as outlined by the United States National Institute of Food and Agriculture, as well as broader Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations Development Programme, (ii) there exist emerging opportunities and unique challenges for citizen science in agriculture/food research, and (iii) the greatest opportunities for the development of citizen science projects in agriculture and food science will be gained by using the existing infrastructure and tools of Extension programmes and through the engagement of urban communities. Further, we argue there is no better time to foster greater collaboration between these fields given the trend of shrinking Extension programmes, the increasing need to apply innovative solutions to address rising demands on agricultural systems, and the exponential growth of the field of citizen science.

scholarly journals Performance of Hazelnut Cultivars from Oregon, Italy, and Spain, in Northeastern Spain

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercè Rovira ◽  
Juan Francisco Hermoso ◽  
Agustí J. Romero
Keyword(s):  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
Agriculture And Food

Eleven hazelnut (Corylus avellana) cultivars, four Spanish (Clon La Masó, Negret N-9, Negret Primerenc, and Pauetet), four Italian (San Giovanni, Tonda Italiana, Tonda di Giffoni, and Tonda Romana), and three cultivars from Oregon State University’s (OSU) breeding program (Clark, Lewis, and Willamette), were evaluated in northeastern Spain over a period of 15 years (2001–14). The trial was planted at the Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (IRTA)-Mas de Bover Station (Constantí, Spain) in 2001, using own-rooted material, in single-trunk, 6 × 3.5-m spacing, and fitted with drip irrigation. Tree vigor, sucker production, early bearing, and total crop were recorded during the first 9 years. Nut traits were studied over 7 years and nutritional composition analyzed in 3 years. The best agronomic performance was observed in ‘San Giovanni’, ‘Pauetet’, ‘Clon La Masó’, and ‘Tonda Italiana’ that scored the highest total crop and canopy volume, but ‘San Giovanni’ and ‘Clon La Masó’ produced a high number of suckers. The best industrial value of the kernel was given by ‘Tonda di Giffoni’, ‘Negret N-9’, ‘Willamette’, and ‘Clark’ with high roasting aptitude and high fat content, although ‘Negret N-9’ was a little poor in monounsaturated fatty acids. The three cultivars from the Oregon breeding program had good agronomic behavior and industrial potential, but were not an improvement on the traditional Mediterranean cultivars.

scholarly journals Preparing Undergraduates for Agriculture and Food Research Careers: An Internship Paradigm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Mott ◽  
Todd Lorenz ◽  
Jo Britt-Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Agricultural Economics ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Integrated Stem ◽  
Career Option ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
The University

The University of Missouri Integrated STEM Internship Program (MU-ISIP) is a 9-week internship experience that helps prepare undergraduates for the workforce or graduate school in four AFRI areas: (a) plant health and production, (b) animal health and production, (c) food safety, nutrition and health, and (d) agricultural economics and rural communities. This program helps address the need for the next generation of agriculturalists and food scientists through experiential learning. Additionally, it exposes undergraduates to Extension as a career option. This article outlines our approach to MU-ISIP and lessons learned during the program’s inception.

Development of Disaster Prevention Support System for Irrigation Pond (DPSIP)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshikazu Hori ◽  
Akira Izumi ◽  
Daisuke Shoda ◽  
Tetsushi Shigeoka ◽  
Hiroshi Yoshisako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Support System ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Major Disaster ◽  
Verification Test ◽  
Secondary Disasters ◽  
Prevention Support System ◽  
Agriculture And Food

In recent years, many cases of secondary disasters have occurred owing to failures of irrigation ponds after large disasters such as the Great East Japan Earthquake, Northern Kyushu Heavy Rain, and the Heavy Rain Event of July 2018. At the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), we have developed the Disaster Prevention Support System for Irrigation Ponds (hereinafter referred to as the DPSIP), which is aimed at sharing disaster information relating to irrigation ponds in times of major disaster. In this paper, we present the specifications of the DPSIP and the applicability of the system is also explained by applying the system to actual disasters and by conducting a verification test.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document