scholarly journals The capacity of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder individuals to make autonomous decisions about pharmacological treatments for their illness in real life: A scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enric Vincens Pons ◽  
Luis Salvador‐Carulla ◽  
Alfredo Calcedo‐Barba ◽  
Silvia Paz ◽  
Thomas Messer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments

scholarly journals Cumulative Risks from Stressor Exposures and Personal Risk Factors in the Workplace: Examples from a Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5850
Author(s):  
Mary A. Fox ◽  
Richard Todd Niemeier ◽  
Naomi Hudson ◽  
Miriam R. Siegel ◽  
Gary Scott Dotson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Personal Risk Factors

Protecting worker and public health involves an understanding of multiple determinants, including exposures to biological, chemical, or physical agents or stressors in combination with other determinants including type of employment, health status, and individual behaviors. This has been illustrated during the COVID-19 pandemic by increased exposure and health risks for essential workers and those with pre-existing conditions, and mask-wearing behavior. Health risk assessment practices for environmental and occupational health typically do not incorporate multiple stressors in combination with personal risk factors. While conceptual developments in cumulative risk assessment to inform a more holistic approach to these real-life conditions have progressed, gaps remain, and practical methods and applications are rare. This scoping review characterizes existing evidence of combined stressor exposures and personal factors and risk to foster methods for occupational cumulative risk assessment. The review found examples from many workplaces, such as manufacturing, offices, and health care; exposures to chemical, physical, and psychosocial stressors combined with modifiable and unmodifiable determinants of health; and outcomes including respiratory function and disease, cancers, cardio-metabolic diseases, and hearing loss, as well as increased fertility, menstrual dysfunction and worsened mental health. To protect workers, workplace exposures and modifiable and unmodifiable characteristics should be considered in risk assessment and management. Data on combination exposures can improve assessments and risk estimates and inform protective exposure limits and management strategies.

Pharmacological treatments of cardiovascular diseases: Evidence from real-life studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Salvo ◽  
Julien Bezin ◽  
Pauline Bosco-Levy ◽  
Louis Letinier ◽  
Patrick Blin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments

scholarly journals Cancer During Pregnancy: How to Handle the Bioethical Dilemmas?—A Scoping Review With Paradigmatic Cases-Based Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Alpuim Costa ◽  
José Guilherme Nobre ◽  
Susana Baptista de Almeida ◽  
Marisa Horta Ferreira ◽  
Inês Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

Ethical issues that arise during the care of a pregnant woman with cancer are challenging to physicians, policymakers, lawyers, and the bioethics community. The main purpose of this scoping review is to summarize existing literature regarding the bioethical dilemmas when a conflict arises in the maternal-fetus dyad, like the one related to cancer and pregnancy outcomes. Moreover, we illustrate the decision-making process of real-life case reports. Published data were searched through the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, as well as in grey literature, using appropriate controlled keywords in English and Portuguese. After identification, screening, eligibility and data extraction from the articles, a total of 50 was selected. There are several established ethical frameworks for conflict resolution and decision-making. Pragmatic theoretical approaches include case-based analysis, the ethics of care, feminist theory, and traditional ethical principlism that scrutinizes the framework of autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence. In addition, society and practitioner values could mediate this complex ethical interplay. The physician must balance autonomy and beneficence-based obligations to the pregnant woman with cancer, along with beneficence-based obligations to the fetus. Ethical challenges have received less attention in the literature, particularly before the third trimester of pregnancy. Best, unbiased and balanced information must be granted both to the patient and to the family, regarding the benefits and harms for the woman herself as well as for the fetal outcome. Based on a previously validated method for analyzing and working up clinical ethical problems, we suggest an adaptation of an algorithm for biomedical decision-making in cancer during pregnancy, including recommendations that can facilitate counseling and help reduce the suffering of the patient and her family.

Deficits in tasks of executive functioning that mimic real-life scenarios in bipolar disorder

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Torralva ◽  
Sergio Strejilevich ◽  
Ezequiel Gleichgerrcht ◽  
María Roca ◽  
Diego Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Real Life

scholarly journals A scoping review and meta-analysis of psychosocial and pharmacological treatments for cannabis and tobacco use among African Americans.

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 922-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
LaTrice Montgomery ◽  
Cendrine Robinson ◽  
Elizabeth L. Seaman ◽  
Angela M. Haeny
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments

scholarly journals Presence, flow, and narrative absorption: an interdisciplinary theoretical exploration with a new spatiotemporal integrated model based on predictive processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Federico Pianzola ◽  
Giuseppe Riva ◽  
Karin Kukkonen ◽  
Fabrizia Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Media Design ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
The Difference

Presence, flow, narrative absorption, immersion, transportation, and similar subjective phenomena are studied in many different disciplines, mostly in relation to mediated experiences (books, film, VR, games). Moreover, since real, virtual, or fictional agents are often involved, concepts like identification and state empathy are often linked to engaging media use. Based on a scoping review that identified similarities in the wording of various questionnaire items conceived to measure different phenomena, we categorize items into the most relevant psychological aspects and use this categorization to propose an interdisciplinary systematization. Then, based on a framework of embodied predictive processing, we present a new cognitive model of presence-related phenomena for mediated and non-mediated experiences, integrating spatial and temporal aspects and also considering the role of fiction and media design. Key processes described within the model are: selective attention, enactment of intentions, and interoception. We claim that presence is the state of perceived successful agency of an embodied mind able to correctly enact its predictions. The difference between real-life and simulated experiences (“book problem,” “paradox of fiction”) lays in the different precision weighting of exteroceptive and interoceptive signals.

scholarly journals The Design and Development of MOVE-IT: A System for Remote Vestibular and Oculomotor Assessment in People with Concussion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selena Hill ◽  
Christopher Barr ◽  
Maggie Killington ◽  
James McLoughlin ◽  
Rory Daniels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Mobile Phone Application ◽  
Support Person ◽  
Vestibular Assessment ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

Background: Dizziness is one of the most common symptoms following concussion and requires a thorough vestibular assessment. However, due to limited tools and evidence on remote vestibular assessment and intervention, people unable to attend in-person consults cannot receive effective care. Objective: This study aims to describe the design and development process of MOVE-IT. MOVE-IT is a mobile phone application with an associated head mount device and clinician dashboard which aims to enhance vestibular assessments and intervention via telehealth by enabling clinicians to clearly observe client’s eye movements. Methods: This study used a Living Labs methodology including the use of a scoping review, user engagement, multi stakeholder engagement, real-life settings, and co-creation. MOVE-IT was developed in three phases: Exploration, Experimentation and Evaluation. This paper describes the Exploration and Experimentation process. Exploration included a scoping review, focus group and consultation interviews. Experimentation included the co-creation of a minimum viable product in a real-life setting with regular feedback from multi-stakeholders. Outcome: MOVE-IT includes three components: a mobile phone application, head mount device and clinician dashboard. MOVE-IT aims to enhance the use of telehealth for vestibular assessments by: (1) using the head mount device to enable video recording of client’s eyes during assessment, (2) allowing clinicians to view client’s eye movements via the clinician dashboard whilst (3) a support person assists in the physical aspect of the vestibular assessment by a step-by-step guided video in the mobile application. Conclusion: The Living Lab method was a useful strategy for developing MOVE-IT. MOVE-IT meets all predefined functionality requirements and potentially provides a solution for remote vestibular assessment and intervention in the concussion population. The Evaluation phase will be conducted next to test usability, reliability and validity of MOVE-IT.

scholarly journals Understanding the Impact of Bipolar Disorder Experience from an Insiders' Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sophie Favre ◽  
Hélène Richard-Lepouriel ◽  
Sophie Favre
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Type I ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Bipolar disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of depression and hypomania and is often associated with functional impairment even between mood episodes. A substantial proportion of patients experience inter-episode mood swings, making bipolar disorder a complex psychiatric disorder to manage. Patients’ perspectives can enhance clinical practice and research. The present study aimed to explore the impact of the bipolar disorder experience from a patient’s perspective to facilitate better understanding in clinical practice and future research. Method: We conducted a single case study with a key informant living with bipolar disorder (type I) for more than 20 years. The key informant constructed a chart of his mood disorder experiences. Subsequently, he commented on the chart and these comments were noted down by his therapist. Results: We present a chart of lived experience perception by a person living with bipolar disorder. The main axis was reality perception and it was related with mood, identity, and functioning. The comments on the chart provided a detailed and accurate description of a lived experience of functioning of bipolar disorder and its impact on a person’s life. Discussion: Globally, the experiences described by the key informant are consistent with previous literature. The principal finding was the meaning of the subjective experiences of reality perception, their relation with mood change, and impact on the person’s life. The perception of reality seems to be a key factor in the experience of bipolar mood swings. Not only did the disorder affect the self and the functioning, but at its extreme, reality “either did not matter or did not exist.” This feeling enhanced the sense of being disconnected from the world and the surroundings and led to the experience of extreme loneliness. Conclusion: The description in this study cannot be generalized, since it was conducted with only one subject. However, it provided a better insight into the detailed real-life experience that can be useful for clinicians treating persons living with bipolar disorder. Such descriptions obtained from a qualitative procedure can also be combined with quantitative data in patients' assessments and research. This study suggests that the experience of “disconnection” should be investigated further.

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