Assessment of the protective effect of yeast cell wall β‐glucan encapsulating humic acid nanoparticles as an aflatoxin B 1 adsorbent in vivo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab K. Hamza ◽  
Amal S. Hathout ◽  
Gary Ostroff ◽  
Ernesto Soto ◽  
Bassem A. Sabry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Preparation and characterization of yeast cell wall beta-glucan encapsulated humic acid nanoparticles as an enhanced aflatoxin B1 binder

2019 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Hamza ◽  
Maher El-Hashash ◽  
Soher Aly ◽  
Amal Hathout ◽  
Ernesto Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Beta Glucan

A block of endocytosis of the yeast cell wall integrity sensors Wsc1 and Wsc2 results in reduced fitness in vivo

2010 ◽  
Vol 284 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Wilk ◽  
Janina Wittland ◽  
Andreas Thywissen ◽  
Hans-Peter Schmitz ◽  
Jürgen J. Heinisch
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall

scholarly journals Broiler chick performance using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell wall as an anti-mycotoxin additive

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Vinícius Machado dos Santos ◽  
Gabriel da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Cristina Amorim Ribeiro de Lima ◽  
Fernando Augusto Curvello
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Aflatoxin B

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell wall (YCW) as an aflatoxin B<sub>1 </sub>(AFB<sub>1</sub>) adsorbent in broiler chicken feed on performance and carcass characteristics. The present study used a randomized complete block with four treatments in a 2 (with or without AFB<sub>1</sub>) × 2 (with or without YCW) factorial design. No interaction effect (P &gt; 0.05) between AFB<sub>1</sub> and YCW was found on the studied performance variables. The addition of YCW to the diets stimulated the feed intake of chickens during 1–21 days of age. However, YCW did not significantly increase (P &gt; 0.05) weight gain nor did it change feed conversion. The presence of AFB<sub>1</sub> in the diet did not affect (P &gt; 0.05) performance parameters. The addition of YCW to the feed containing AFB<sub>1</sub> significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) the post-fasting live weight (781.12 g), chilled carcass weight (554.41 g), and leg weight (163.34 g) compared to feed without AFB<sub>1</sub> and YCW (764.84 g; 533.41 g; 161.88 g), feed with only YCW (764.22 g; 546.87 g; 159.34 g), and feed with only AFB<sub>1</sub> (735.41 g; 510.56 g; 152.75 g). In conclusion, YCW effectively reduced some of the deleterious effects of AFB<sub>1</sub> in broilers.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Evaluation of the Efficiency of Yeast Cell Wall Extract to Adsorb Ochratoxin A and Mitigate Accumulation of the Toxin in Broiler Chickens

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvi Vartiainen ◽  
Alexandros Yiannikouris ◽  
Juha Apajalahti ◽  
Colm A. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
In Vivo Model

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a common mycotoxin contaminant in animal feed. When absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, OTA has a propensity for pathological effects on animal health and deposition in animal tissues. In this study, the potential of yeast cell wall extracts (YCWE) to adsorb OTA was evaluated using an in vitro method in which consecutive animal digestion events were simulated. Low pH markedly increased OTA binding to YCWE, which was reversed with a pH increased to 6.5. Overall, in vitro analysis revealed that 30% of OTA was adsorbed to YCWE. Additional computational molecular modelling revealed that change in pH alters the OTA charge and modulates the interaction with the YCWE β-d-glucans. The effectiveness of YCWE was tested in a 14-day broiler chicken trial. Birds were subjected to five dietary treatments; with and without OTA, and OTA combined with YCWE at three dosages. At the end of the trial, liver OTA deposition was evaluated. Data showed a decrease of up to 30% in OTA deposits in the liver of broilers fed both OTA and YCWE. In the case of OTA, a tight correlation between the mitigation efficacy of YCWE between in vitro and in vivo model could be observed.

scholarly journals Proteomic profiling and glycomic analysis of the yeast cell wall in strains with Aflatoxin B 1 elimination ability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz García‐Béjar ◽  
Rebecca A. Owens ◽  
Ana Briones ◽  
María Arévalo‐Villena
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Aflatoxin B

In vitro zearalenone adsorption by a mixture of organic and inorganic adsorbents: application of the Box Behnken approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Bordini ◽  
D. Borsato ◽  
A.S. Oliveira ◽  
M.A. Ono ◽  
T.H. Zaninelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Wide Range

Zearalenone (ZEA) adsorption by a mixture of organic (yeast cell wall) and inorganic (activated charcoal) adsorbents was evaluated by an incomplete Box Behnken (33) statistical design with a quintuplicate at the central point. The variables analysed were different ratios of adsorbents (yeast cell wall and activated charcoal) at 100:0, 87.5:12.5 and 75:25, pH (3.0, 4.5 and 6.0) and ZEA concentrations (300, 750 and 1,200 ng/ml). The adsorbent mixture at 75:25 showed higher efficiency for ZEA adsorption (≯96.1%) than the 87.5:12.5 ratio (81.3 to 93.7%) and with the pure yeast cell wall (78.1 to 55.7%). The significant variables were the ratio of adsorbent mixture and ZEA concentration. The effect of pH was not significant (P=0.05), indicating that the binding between ZEA and the adsorbent would be stable at different pH (3.0, 4.5 and 6.0). The quadratic model obtained by the Box Behnken (33) design can be used for predictive purposes, because it showed a non-significant deviation (P=49.54%) and a good correlation coefficient (R2=0.98), suggesting that the ZEA adsorption would be maximum (100%) when the adsorbent mixture is set at 75:25 and the ZEA concentration at 300 ng/ml. Although the predictive model showed that an increase in adsorption efficiency could occur in a smaller ZEA concentration (300 ng/ml), the mixture at the 75:25 ratio presented high efficiency (≯98%) in adsorption when high ZEA concentrations were used (1,200 ng/ml), indicating that these mixtures would be able to adsorb a wide range of ZEA concentrations. Therefore, this mixture of yeast cell wall and activated charcoal adsorbents at 75:25 might be a candidate for further in vivo testing.

Efficacy of b-glucans and manna oligosaccharides (Yeast Cell Wall) and hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) in preventing aflatoxicosis in bovine calves

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Naseer ◽  
Jawaria Khan ◽  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Muhammad Omer ◽  
Muhammad Avais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Aluminosilicate

The objective of this study was to determine the response of bovine calves against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in terms of feed consumption, hematological and serum biochemical parameters and to compare the efficacy of two different mycotoxin adsorbents, in vitro and in vivo. 36 bovine calves were divided into 4 groups. Group A was fed AFB1 added feed with the addition of â-glucans and Mannan oligosaccharides (Yeast Cell Wall), group B was fed AFB1 with hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) and group C was fed AFB1 contaminated feed without addition of mycotoxin binders while group D was kept as negative control. AFB1 was given by gelatinized capsules at a dose rate of 1.0mg/ kg/ animal/ day. Results revealed average daily feed intake (ADFI) of AFB1 treated bovine calves significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) and all hematological parameters i.e; TEC, HGB, TLC, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes, MCHC, HCT and MCH decreased significantly (P less than 0.05). Moreover, serum levels of AST, ALT, Creatinine and BUN were significantly increased (P less than 0.05) in response to AFB1. When compared between groups, YCW significantly (P less than 0.05) improved the feed consumption of bovine calves while HSCAS significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) the AFB1 induced deleterious alterations in hematology and serum biochemistry.

scholarly journals The Protective Effects of an Adsorbent against Oxidative Stress in Quails Fed Aflatoxin-Contaminated Diet

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos José Migliorini ◽  
Aleksandro Schafer da Silva ◽  
Janio Morais Santurio ◽  
Nathieli Bianchi Bottari ◽  
Roger Rocha Gebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Group D

Background: Contamination of crops with aflatoxin is considered a serious global threat to food safety, since potent carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic and immunosuppressive effects of aflatoxins are well recognized. Recently, the use of adsorbents has been linked with protective effects against oxidative stress in several diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of oxidative stress in quails (Coturnix coturnix) fed with aflatoxin-contaminated diet, as well as the protective effect of an adsorbent.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-eight quails were divided into four groups (n = 7): diet without additives (control; the group A), diet and adsorbent containing aluminosilicates (the group B), aflatoxin-contaminated diet (200 ppb) (the group C), and aflatoxin-contaminated diet (200 ppb) and adsorbent containing aluminosilicates (the group D). The composition of the adsorbent containing aluminosilicates was 0.3% based on yeast cell wall, silymarin, and bentonite. The animals received feed and water ad libitum during 20 days. At the end of the experimental period, total blood was collected by cardiac puncture in tubes without anticoagulant to obtain serum (centrifuged at 3500 g during 10 min) for later determination of biochemical parameters. The liver was placed in a solution of Tris–HCl 10 mM, pH 7.4 for TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), ROS (Reactive oxygen species), SOD (Superoxide dismutase) and CAT (Catalase) analysis. The hepatic tissue was gently homogenized in a glass potter in specific buffer, homogenated, and centrifuged at 10.000 g at 4ºC for 10 min to yield a supernatant (S1) used for analyses. Homogenate aliquots were stored at -80°C until utilization. Fragments of liver and intestine (5 cm) were collected for histopathological analyses. Between days 15 to 20 of the experiment, group C quails showed clinical signs, such as apathy, creepy feathers and reduced feed intake. At day 20 of experiment, macroscopically, the liver of quails belonging to the group C showed greenish yellow color differently from the other groups. Microscopically, no alterations were observed in the liver of animals in groups A and B. Severe diffuse microvacuolar degeneration (hydropic) of hepatocytes and small foci of necrosis in the liver were observed in the group C, as observed in the group D, but in a more moderate degree to microvacuolar degeneration. Seric total protein, albumin, globulin and uric acid levels decreased in the group C and D. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased in the group C, and the treatment with adsorbent was able to avoid this increment. Seric and hepatic reactive oxygen species and TBARS increased in the group C, and the treatment with adsorbent reduced theses parameters in the group D. Catalase (CAT) activity decreased, while ALA-D increased in the group C. The treatment with adsorbent was able to prevent CAT activity decrease, but it did not prevent the increase in ALA-D activity.Discussion: Aflatoxins are considered one of the most important problems in poultry production causing high economic losses to producers. In this study, the use of adsorbent showed a protective effect to hepatic tissue, minimizing histopathological lesions, as well as by preventing lipid peroxidation and exacerbated production of free radicals. Based on this data, aflatoxin intoxication causes hepatic oxidative stress that contributes directly to disease pathogenesis, and the addition of an adsorbent containing 0.3% based on bentonite, yeast cell wall and silymarin may be considered a new approach to prevent cellular and hepatic damage caused by aflatoxins.

A novel fluorescence assay and catalytic properties of Crh1 and Crh2 yeast cell wall transglycosylases

2013 ◽  
Vol 455 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Mazáň ◽  
Noelia Blanco ◽  
Kristína Kováčová ◽  
Zuzana Firáková ◽  
Pavel Řehulka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Fluorescence Assay ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Chitin Derivatives

A fluorescence assay was devised for the determination of transglycosylating activities of Crh1 and Crh2 yeast cell wall mannoproteins. Both proteins use chitin derivatives as donors and oligosaccharides derived from chitin, β-(1,3)-glucan and β-(1,6)-glucan as acceptors in vitro and in vivo.

In vitro removal of deoxynivalenol by a mixture of organic and inorganic adsorbents

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. de Souza ◽  
D. Borsato ◽  
A.D. Lofrano ◽  
A.S. de Oliveira ◽  
M.A. Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Inorganic Adsorbents

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a mixture of inorganic (activated carbon) and organic (yeast cell wall) adsorbents on in vitro removal of deoxynivalenol (DON). The study was carried out using a 24 incomplete factorial design with three replications at the central point, totalling 11 experiments. The independent variables were pH (3.0, 5.0 and 7.0), adsorbent concentration (0.2, 1.1 and 2.0%), DON concentration (2,500, 5,000 and 7,500 ng/ml) and ratio of activated carbon and yeast cell wall (0:100, 15:85 and 30:70), evaluated at 30, 60 and 90 min incubation periods. The highest percentage of adsorption occurred with 2.0% activated carbon and yeast cell wall at 30:70 ratio (≯95.6%) for 30, 60 and 90 min. The lowest adsorption was detected using 0.2% of activated carbon and yeast cell wall at 0:100 ratio (from 14.4 to 77.3%). The pH values (3.0, 5.0 and 7.0) showed no influence on the adsorption of DON in vitro only at 2.0% inclusion level. The predictive model of integrated optimisation of the independent variables of in vitro DON adsorption describes that the maximum adsorption (100%) occurs when the variables pH and adsorbent concentration are set at +1 coded level (pH 7.0 and 2.0%, respectively) and the toxin concentration and the ratio of activated carbon and yeast cell wall at -1 coded level (2,500 ng/ml and 30:70, respectively) for 30, 60 and 90 min. Statistical analysis showed that the equation model obtained can be applied to predict the adsorption percentage of DON in vitro and that the mixture of activated carbon and yeast cell wall at a 2.0% concentration was effective from pH 3.0 to 7.0, which is the range found in the gastrointestinal tract of monogastric animals, thus indicating its potential to minimise the contamination risk by DON. Nevertheless, in vivo efficacy of activated carbon and yeast cell wall at 30:70 ratio should be confirmed with animal experiments.

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