A new measure of tibiofemoral subchondral bone interactions that correlates with early cartilage damage in injured sheep

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a degenerative joint disease, leading to articular cartilage breakdown, osteophyte formation, and synovitis, caused by an initial joint trauma. Pro-inflammatory cytokines increase catabolic activity and may perpetuate inflammation following joint trauma. Interleukin-15 (IL-15), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is increased in OA patients, although its roles in PTOA pathophysiology are not well characterized. Here, we utilized Il15 deficient rats to examine the role of IL-15 in PTOA pathogenesis in an injury-induced model. OA was surgically induced in Il15 deficient Holtzman Sprague-Dawley rats and control wild-type rats to compare PTOA progression. Semi-quantitative scoring of the articular cartilage, subchondral bone, osteophyte size, and synovium was performed by two blinded observers. There was no significant difference between Il15 deficient rats and wild-type rats following PTOA-induction across articular cartilage damage, subchondral bone damage, and osteophyte scoring. Similarly, synovitis scoring across six parameters found no significant difference between genetic variants. Overall, IL-15 does not appear to play a key role in the development of structural changes in this surgically-induced rat model of PTOA.

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Ultrastructural change of the subchondral bone increases the severity of cartilage damage in osteoporotic osteoarthritis of the knee in rabbits

Pathology - Research and Practice ◽

10.1016/j.prp.2017.11.018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 214 (1) ◽

pp. 38-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jiahui Zhang ◽

Sainan Chen ◽

Wenlie Chen ◽

Yunmei Huang ◽

Ruhui Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subchondral Bone ◽

Ultrastructural Change ◽

Cartilage Damage ◽

Osteoarthritis Of The Knee

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Relationship between articular cartilage damage and subchondral bone properties and meniscal ossification in the Dunkin Hartley guinea pig model of osteoarthritis

Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3109/03009742.2011.571218 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 391-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

JS Thomsen ◽

TS Straarup ◽

CC Danielsen ◽

H Oxlund ◽

A Brüel

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Guinea Pig ◽

Subchondral Bone ◽

Cartilage Damage ◽

Pig Model ◽

Articular Cartilage Damage ◽

Bone Properties ◽

Guinea Pig Model

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Systematic Analysis of Transcriptomic Profile of Chondrocytes in Osteoarthritic Knee Using Next-Generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm7120535 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 535 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yi-Jen Chen ◽

Wei-An Chang ◽

Ling-Yu Wu ◽

Ya-Ling Hsu ◽

Chia-Hsin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Next Generation Sequencing ◽

Family Member ◽

Subchondral Bone ◽

Joint Pain ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Cartilage Damage ◽

Phenotypic Change ◽

Next Generation ◽

Arthritic Joint ◽

Generation Sequencing

The phenotypic change of chondrocytes and the interplay between cartilage and subchondral bone in osteoarthritis (OA) has received much attention. Structural changes with nerve ingrowth and vascular penetration within OA cartilage may contribute to arthritic joint pain. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes and potential miRNA regulations in OA knee chondrocytes through next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Results suggested the involvement of SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3) and Wnt family member 5A (WNT5A) in the growth of blood vessels and cell aggregation, representing features of cartilage damage in OA. Additionally, 26 dysregulated genes with potential miRNA–mRNA interactions were identified in OA knee chondrocytes. Myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate (MARCKS), epiregulin (EREG), leucine rich repeat containing 15 (LRRC15), and phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) expression patterns were similar among related OA cartilage, subchondral bone and synovial tissue arrays in Gene Expression Omnibus database. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified MARCKS to be associated with the outgrowth of neurite, and novel miRNA regulations were proposed to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of the altered OA knee joint microenvironment. The current findings suggest new perspectives in studying novel genes potentially contributing to arthritic joint pain in knee OA, which may assist in finding new targets for OA treatment.

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Supramalleolar osteotomy and AMIC cartilage reconstruction in severe cartilage lesion

Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics ◽

10.1177/2473011418s00488 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 2473011418S0048

Author(s):

Hajo Thermann

Keyword(s):

Subchondral Bone ◽

Cystic Lesion ◽

Cartilage Damage ◽

Case Series ◽

Cartilage Lesion ◽

Bone Plate ◽

Subchondral Bone Plate ◽

Cartilage Lesions ◽

Supramalleolar Osteotomy ◽

Cartilage Reconstruction

Category: Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Severve cartilage lesion is defined by the author as: Cartilage substantial deterioration of the subchondral bone Kissing lesion, tibial and talar lesion. Gross cystic lesion Cartilage damage greater than 1/3 of the talar dome or the tibial platform Slerotic changes of the subchondral bone plate in arthritic cases in severe hindfoot varus or valgus alignment. This paper shows in a case series, exceptional cartilage lesions with the above mentioned pathological changes. The indications, strategies for osteotomies and the treatment strategies in malaligned bipolar, cystic and gross cartilage lesions is explained. Methods: 35 patients with severe circumscript varus / valgus arthritis have been operated by supramalleolar osteotomy (SMOT), 11 of them with (tibial & talar “kissing”) lesions. 70 patients presented bipolar (tibial & talar “kissing”) lesions with correct hindfoot axis. 18 patients had a gross cystic lesion and were additionally treated with filling of the cysts. 2 of them had a “kissing lesion”. Results: All patients received an AMIC procedure (hyaluronic matrix, Hyalofast©) for cartilage reconstruction. The biological healing support was in all cases bone marrow aspirate and ACP© growth factors. The subchondral bone plate was treated aggressively was a power raps or burr according to L. Johnson technique The importance of a supramalleolar and calcaneous osteotomy in a hindfoot malalignment (varus / valgus) as a treatment key aspect for load transfer is elaborated. Planned early implant removal with revision und biological boosting of the cartilage regeneration is a further cornerstone of the treatment. Followup were evaluated by FAOS score Conclusion: This cases series have shown the possibilities for a successfull managing of this severe lesions and offers also its limit in the over all results.

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Less mechanical loading attenuates osteoarthritis by reducing cartilage degeneration, subchondral bone remodelling, secondary inflammation, and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome

Bone and Joint Research ◽

10.1302/2046-3758.910.bjr-2019-0368.r2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 731-741

Author(s):

Zhennian He ◽

Pengfei Nie ◽

Jianli Lu ◽

Yong Ling ◽

Jian Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Loading ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Subchondral Bone ◽

Cartilage Damage ◽

Cartilage Destruction ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Tail Suspension ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Bone Changes

Aims Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disabling joint disorder and mechanical loading is an important pathogenesis. This study aims to investigate the benefits of less mechanical loading created by intermittent tail suspension for knee OA. Methods A post-traumatic OA model was established in 20 rats (12 weeks old, male). Ten rats were treated with less mechanical loading through intermittent tail suspension, while another ten rats were treated with normal mechanical loading. Cartilage damage was determined by gross appearance, Safranin O/Fast Green staining, and immunohistochemistry examinations. Subchondral bone changes were analyzed by micro-CT and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and serum inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Our radiographs showed that joint space was significantly enlarged in rats with less mechanical loading. Moreover, cartilage destruction was attenuated in the less mechanical loading group with lower histological damage scores, and lower expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, and MMP-13. In addition, subchondral bone abnormal changes were ameliorated in OA rats with less mechanical loading, as reduced bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), and number of osteophytes and osteoclasts in the subchondral bone were observed. Finally, the level of serum inflammatory cytokines was significantly downregulated in the less mechanical loading group compared with the normal mechanical loading group, as well as the expression of NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in the cartilage. Conclusion Less mechanical loading alleviates cartilage destruction, subchondral bone changes, and secondary inflammation in OA joints. This study provides fundamental insights into the benefit of non-weight loading rest for patients with OA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(10):731–741.

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Clinical Study of Autologous Cartilage Transplantation Based on Nano-Hydroxyapatite in the Treatment of Talar Osteochondral Injury

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2021.18634 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 1250-1258

Author(s):

Weijun Wang ◽

Xiqiang Wang ◽

Yongmei Wang ◽

Changgui Tong

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Subchondral Bone ◽

Cartilage Damage ◽

Clinical Treatment ◽

Bone Lesions ◽

Osteochondral Defects ◽

Cartilage Transplantation ◽

Bone Injury ◽

Autologous Cartilage Transplantation

Talus osteochondral damage is one of the common symptoms of chronic ankle pain in people’s lives. The cartilage regeneration and self-repair ability are extremely limited, the joint cartilage lesions are often accompanied by the lesions of the subchondral bone, and the subchondral bone lesions can affect the metabolism of the cartilage above it, which brings certain difficulties to clinical treatment. Traditional methods of treating cartilage damage include microfractures and drilling. Due to large trauma, inconsistent clinical efficacy reports, poor tissue repair results, and limited donor sources, etc., the application of traditional treatment methods in the clinic has been largely limited. Therefore, finding an ideal treatment method for bone injury has been a hot spot in clinical research in orthopedics. Studies have shown that autologous cartilage transplantation via nano-hydroxyapatite has become a new treatment model, providing new ideas for clinical treatment of talar osteochondral damage. Nano-hydroxyapatite and its composites have good histocompatibility, biological activity, and bone conductivity. They are an ideal bone defect repair material, and have been initially applied in clinical practice. The preparation of nano-hydroxyapatite, its biological characteristics and the repairing effect on the composite defect of osteochondral bone were studied experimentally, and its feasibility for repairing osteochondral damage was discussed. In this paper, the unique structure and properties of natural cartilage layers are studied. In combination with bionics theory and methods, nano-hydroxyapatite micro-particle composite samples are prepared by the gel method, and the bone-forming properties of nano-composites are measured by in vitro drug release experiments. To establish a model of infectious bone injury in New Zealand white rabbits, and nano-hydroxyapatite composites were implanted into local lesions of New Zealand white rabbit models by autologous cartilage transplantation, and evaluated by imaging, blood biochemistry, histology, infection control and bone repair. The experimental results show that using the unique physical and chemical and biological properties of nano-hydroxyapatite materials. It is innovatively introduced into the treatment of talar osteochondral defects caused by open fractures. It has been proven in vitro and in vivo experiments that nano-hydroxyapatite materials can be used. As an ideal tissue engineering scaffold for the treatment of talar osteochondral defects, this provides a new way to solve clinical orthopedic problems using new nanomaterials.

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Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Transplantation Induces Regeneration of Large and Full-Thickness Cartilage Defect of the Temporomandibular Joint

Cartilage ◽

10.1177/1947603520926711 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 194760352092671 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marcos Gomez ◽

Olga Wittig ◽

Dylana Diaz-Solano ◽

José E. Cardier

Keyword(s):

Temporomandibular Joint ◽

Subchondral Bone ◽

Histological Analysis ◽

Cellular Therapy ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Articular Surface ◽

Cartilage Damage ◽

Cartilage Regeneration ◽

Osteochondral Lesions ◽

Field Evidence

Objective Cartilage damage (CD) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) continues being a major problem in maxillofacial field. Evidence suggests that cellular therapy may be used for repairing CD in the TMJ. Design A murine model of condyle CD (CCD) was generated in the TMJ to evaluate the capacity of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to induce cartilage regeneration in CCD. A large CCD was surgically created in a condyle head of the TMJ of C57BL/6 mice. Human MSC embedded into preclotted platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were placed on the surface of CCD. As controls, untreated CCD and exposed TMJ condyle (sham) were used. After 6 weeks, animals were sacrificed, and each mandibular condyle was removed and CCD healing was assessed macroscopically and histologically. Results Macroscopic observation of CCD treated with MSC showed the presence of cartilage-like tissue in the CCD site. Histological analysis showed a complete repair of the articular surface with the presence of cartilage-like tissue and subchondral bone filling the CCD area. Chondrocytes were observed into collagen and glycosaminoglycans extracellular matrix filling the repaired tissue. There was no evidence of subchondral bone sclerosis. Untreated CCD showed denudated osteochondral lesions without signs of cartilage repair. Histological analysis showed the absence of tissue formation over the CCD. Conclusions Transplantation of MSC induces regeneration of TMJ-CCD. These results provide strong evidence to use MSC as potential treatment in patients with cartilage lesions in the TMJ.

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