The interaction of nitrogen and potassium nutrition on dry matter and nitrogen yields of the graminae: Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 999-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Talibudeen ◽  
Michael B. Page ◽  
J. Douglas D. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Potassium Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Yields

Low rates of phosphorus fertiliser applied strategically throughout the growing season under rain-fed conditions did not affect dry matter production of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Burkitt ◽  
D. J. Donaghy ◽  
P. J. Smethurst
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Intensively Managed

Pasture is the cheapest source of feed for dairy cows, therefore, dairy pastures in Australia are intensively managed to maximise milk production and profits. Although soil testing commonly suggests that soils used for dairy pasture production have adequate supplies of phosphorus (P), many Australian dairy farmers still apply fertiliser P, often by applying smaller rates more frequently throughout the year. This study was designed to test the hypotheses that more frequent, but lower rates of P fertiliser applied strategically throughout the growing season have no effect on dry matter production and P concentration in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), when soil extractable P concentrations are above the critical value reported in the literature. Three field sites were established on rain-fed dairy pasture soils ranging in P sorption capacity and with adequate soil P concentrations for maximising pasture production. Results showed that applied P fertiliser had no effect on pasture production across the 3 sites (P > 0.05), regardless of rate or the season in which the P was applied, confirming that no P fertiliser is required when soil extractable P concentrations are adequate. This finding challenges the viability of the current industry practice. In addition, applying P fertiliser as a single annual application in summer did not compromise pasture production at any of the 3 sites (P > 0.05), which supports the current environmental recommendations of applying P during drier conditions, when the risk of surface P runoff is generally lower. The current results also demonstrate that the short-term cessation of P fertiliser application may be a viable management option, as a minimal reduction in pasture production was measured over the experimental period.

The effect of cutting frequency and root segregation on the yield from perennial ryegrass-white clover associations

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Bland
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nitrogen Yield ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Nitrogen Yields ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Defoliation Frequency

1. Dry-matter and nitrogen yields were recorded from perennial ryegrass-white clover associations which were defoliated 2, 4 or 6 times a year during the period 1963 to 1965.2. The average yearly output of dry matter was approximately 4000, 7000 and 6000 lb/acre for 1963, 1964 and 1965 respectively. Nitrogen harvested amounted to 132, 184 and 179 lb N/acre.3. The mean annual dry-matter yields from 2, 4 and 6 defoliations were 5300, 6100 and 6000 lb/acre and the corresponding figures for nitrogen yields were 112, 166 and 217 lb N/acre.4. Both segregation of the species below ground and increasing the defoliation frequency were responsible for higher contributions towards drymatter and nitrogen yield from the clover component.5. A comparison of the nitrogen yields between the plots with species segregated rather than integrated below ground suggests that the effects of underground nitrogen transference from 30–31 lb N/acre could first be demonstrated in the spring of the third year.

scholarly journals The Influence of Multicomponent Fertilizers on the Concentration of Phosphorous in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Beata Draszawka-Bołzan
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Brown Soil

A pot experiment on an acid brown soil was conducted in 1998-2001. Three multicomponent fertilizers were applied: Polifoska 8, Polifoska 15 and Polimag 306, Travit at the rates of 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 gN per pot. The total forms of phosphorous were determined in dry matter of perennial ryegrass with the use of ASA method. The contents of these elements were higher in the fertilized variants as compared to the control. No significant differences were found among the contents of investigated elements compared in plants treated with different multicomponent fertilizers. The chemical analyses indicated that increasing rates of the fertilizers applied enhanced the contents of phosphorous. In the content of phosphorous in dry matter of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) the Polifoska 8 it ranged from 0,49-0,65 %. In the content of phosphorous in dry matter of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) the Polifoska 15 it ranged from 0,49-0,63 %. In the content of phosphorous in dry matter of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) the Polimag 306 it ranged from 0,51-0,72 %. In the content of phosphorous in dry matter of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) the Travit it ranged from 0,46-0,53%.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL MANIPULATION OF HILL COUNTRY PASTURES TO PRODUCE LEGUME DOMINANCE

1985 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
D.A. Clark ◽  
B.P. Devantier
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Seed Head ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Clover Content

Hill country pasture was sprayed with low fates of the herbicides paraquat, sethoxydim or Dowco 453 in late November. Legume content of the pasture 6 weeks after application increased from 29 to 61%, and from 12 to 31% in January 1983 and 1984 respectively. The chemicals reduced dry matter yields by 16 and 45%, 6 weeks after treatment, but yields were not reduced in subsequent harvests. The chemicals reduced dead matter content, strongly suppressed grass seed head production, increased clover seed head density and increased in vitro digestibility. Sethoxydim at high rates 150 g/ha reduced perennial ryegrass (Lo/km perenne) content, but Dowco 453 increased perennial ryegrass and decreased browntop (Agrosfis tenuis) content. The effect of clover content and dead matter on sheep diet selection is shown and the implications of these results for management of hill country pastures in moist si;m.mers are discussed. Keywords: herbicide, paraquat, sethoxydim, Dowco 453, white clover, Trifolium repens, hill country, in vitro digestibility, perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne ryegrass, Lolium perenne browntop, Agrostis tenuis.

Effect of defoliation frequency and summer irrigation on survival of perennial (Lolium perenne) and biennial (Lolium multiflorum) ryegrass in the subtropics

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Donaghy ◽  
J. M. Scott ◽  
W. J. Fulkerson
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tropical Grass

Summary. The present study investigated, in a subtropical environment, the timing of defoliation treatments in spring and summer irrigation management on the survival of perennial (Lolium perenne cv. Yatsyn) and biennial (L. multiflorum cv. Noble) ryegrass in a mixed ryegrass–white clover (Trifolium repens) pasture over the first summer, and seedling recruitment the following autumn. Defoliation options were related to various ryegrass plant development stages such as the number of leaves per tiller attained during regrowth, stem elongation and seed set. The criterion for timing of frequent defoliation was 1 leaf/tiller regrowth and infrequent defoliation 3 leaves/tiller. Both pasture types were defoliated either frequently or infrequently at specific times from sowing to mid summer. Half the plots were irrigated from 30 November to 6 April while the remaining plots were not irrigated over this period. There was no survival of biennial ryegrass plants into autumn of the second year and pasture production was entirely from seedling recruitment of seed set in the previous spring. The maximum seedling recruitment (plant population 89% of spring in establishment year) was achieved by infrequent defoliation in mid spring and then cessation of defoliation until mid summer to allow plants to set seed. However, this resulted in a production loss of 3094 kg dry matter/ha of ryegrass and clover. In contrast, production of perennial ryegrass in the second year was reliant almost exclusively on individual ryegrass plants surviving the summer, as there was little seed set and virtually no seedling recruitment. There would appear to be 2 contrasting defoliation requirements to optimise perennial ryegrass persistence. Infrequent defoliation from sowing to early spring (22 March–2 September) and frequent defoliation in early summer (19 November–3 February) resulted in maximum plant survival and minimum tropical grass incursion. Frequent, compared with infrequent, defoliation up to 2 September decreased root dry matter in February by 45% to 1.66 g dry matter/plant. However in early summer, frequent defoliation maximised survival, presumably by reducing shading by tropical grasses, and preventing a closed canopy which encourages ‘rust’ infestation of the ryegrass. Irrigation of ryegrass over summer, in situations likely to become waterlogged, will only be of benefit in dry years and if scheduling is frequent enough to benefit ryegrass rather than tropical grass. These results highlight the importance of maintaining an infrequent defoliation interval to maximise persistence of perennial ryegrass in the subtropics. More frequent defoliation may be necessary in late spring/early summer to reduce the impact of leaf rust.

Availability of magnesium to ryegrass from soils during intensive cropping in the glasshouse

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chloride Solutions ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Intensive Cropping

SUMMARYTen Scottish soils were cropped in a glasshouse with three sowings of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne, cv. Dutch Barenza) without added magnesium. After 25 cuts (185 weeks) growth was poor in some soils, but soil Mg was not limiting growth in others.Uptake of Mg and the Mg concentration in the ryegrass correlated well over the entire cropping period with the equilibrium Mg-concentration ratio Mg/(Ca, Mg) = CR0, determined from the Mg quantity/intensity isotherms measured before cropping in 0·01 m chloride solutions. A CR0 value of 0·16 was required in the early stages of cropping to give 0·2 % Mg in grass dry matter.Seven soils released 12–37 mg non-exchangeable Mg/kg, between one-fifth and one-third of the total Mg uptake. These reserves probably came from vermiculite minerals, but the release was too slow to maintain Mg concentrations of 0·2 % in the ryegrass.

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