Brain responses to glucose ingestion are greater in children than adults and are associated with overweight and obesity

Obesity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon B. Ge ◽  
Kay Jann ◽  
Shan Luo ◽  
Alexandra G. Yunker ◽  
Sabrina Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Glucose Ingestion

scholarly journals Health, pleasure, and fullness: changing mindset affects brain responses and portion size selection in adults with overweight and obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Veit ◽  
Lisa I. Horstman ◽  
Maike A. Hege ◽  
Martin Heni ◽  
Peter J. Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Size Selection ◽  
Brain Responses

scholarly journals Reproducibility assessment of brain responses to visual food stimuli in adults with overweight and obesity

Obesity ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 2057-2063 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Drew Sayer ◽  
Gregory G. Tamer ◽  
Ningning Chen ◽  
Jason R. Tregellas ◽  
Marc-Andre Cornier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Brain Responses

scholarly journals FGF21 Response Varies by Sugar Type and is Associated with Body Weight, Dietary Added Sugar, and Neural Signaling in Humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra G Yunker ◽  
Jasmin M Alves ◽  
Shan Luo ◽  
Brendan Angelo ◽  
Alexis DeFendis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Neural Signaling

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a liver-derived hormone that regulates energy homeostasis. In humans, few studies have investigated whether FGF21 may act to suppress sugar intake and influence eating behavior, and the effects of adiposity on post-ingestive FGF21 regulation of appetite are unknown. Here, we demonstrate among two cohorts of healthy, young adults that acute oral fructose and sucrose compared to glucose lead to greater circulating FGF21. Moreover, high compared to low dietary added sugar intake is associated with greater sucrose-stimulated FGF21 among participants with healthy weight but attenuated in people with overweight and obesity. In addition, our study is the first to demonstrate associations between circulating FGF21 and neural signaling following an acute sucrose load among humans with healthy weight. Collectively, our results suggest that these potential compensatory relationships between sucrose-stimulated circulating FGF21, habitual sugar intake, and post-ingestive brain responses may be altered among adults with overweight and obesity.

Breakfast Skipping Is an Independent Predictor of Obesity but not Overweight Among Children in a Southeastern European Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genc Burazeri ◽  
Jolanda Hyska ◽  
Iris Mone ◽  
Enver Roshi
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
European Population ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Communist Country ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breakfast Skipping

Abstract.Aim: To assess the association of breakfast skipping with overweight and obesity among children in Albania, a post-communist country in the Western Balkans, which is undergoing a long and difficult political and socioeconomic transition towards a market-oriented economy. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study was carried out in Albania in 2013 including a representative sample of 5810 children aged 7.0 – 9.9 years (49.5% girls aged 8.4 ± 0.6 years and 51.5% boys aged 8.5 ± 0.6 years; overall response rate: 97%). Children were measured for height and weight, and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Cut-off BMI values of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) were used to define overweight and obesity in children. Demographic data were also collected. Results: Upon adjustment for age, sex, and place of residence, breakfast skipping was positively related to obesity (WHO criteria: OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.3–1.9; IOTF criteria: OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.4–2.5), but not overweight (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.9–1.3 and OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.9–1.4, respectively). Furthermore, breakfast skipping was associated with a higher BMI (multivariable-adjusted OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02–1.07). Conclusions: Our findings point to a strong and consistent positive relationship between breakfast skipping and obesity, but not overweight, among children in this transitional southeastern European population. Future studies in Albania and other transitional settings should prospectively examine the causal role of breakfast skipping in the development of overweight and obesity.

Behavior in the Brain

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Monti ◽  
Adrian M. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Minimally Conscious ◽  
Brain Insults ◽  
Brain Behavior

Recent evidence has suggested that functional neuroimaging may play a crucial role in assessing residual cognition and awareness in brain injury survivors. In particular, brain insults that compromise the patient’s ability to produce motor output may render standard clinical testing ineffective. Indeed, if patients were aware but unable to signal so via motor behavior, they would be impossible to distinguish, at the bedside, from vegetative patients. Considering the alarming rate with which minimally conscious patients are misdiagnosed as vegetative, and the severe medical, legal, and ethical implications of such decisions, novel tools are urgently required to complement current clinical-assessment protocols. Functional neuroimaging may be particularly suited to this aim by providing a window on brain function without requiring patients to produce any motor output. Specifically, the possibility of detecting signs of willful behavior by directly observing brain activity (i.e., “brain behavior”), rather than motoric output, allows this approach to reach beyond what is observable at the bedside with standard clinical assessments. In addition, several neuroimaging studies have already highlighted neuroimaging protocols that can distinguish automatic brain responses from willful brain activity, making it possible to employ willful brain activations as an index of awareness. Certainly, neuroimaging in patient populations faces some theoretical and experimental difficulties, but willful, task-dependent, brain activation may be the only way to discriminate the conscious, but immobile, patient from the unconscious one.

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