Core Concepts in Pharmacoepidemiology: Confounding by Indication and the Role of Active Comparators

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Sendor ◽  
Til Stürmer
Keyword(s):  
Confounding By Indication ◽  
Core Concepts

scholarly journals Social Systems in Higher Education: Collectivities and Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille B. Mazo
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Integrative Process

This study investigates the core concepts and views that underlie the theories of social systems as explained by four theorists. It critically assesses and analyzes the role of the higher education system within society, as well as the role of the educator within this social system as defined and articulated by Durkheim (1956), outlined and explained from a hierarchical perspective by Parsons (1951), identified as an integrative process by Bertalanffy (1968), and viewed as a web of relationships by Capra (1996). Major themes from each theorist are analyzed with respect to what role social systems play in higher education and how educators are affected by internal social subsystems and collectivities. An example is presented on how collectivities exist online and use technology to continue at a university during the COVID-19 pandemic. 

scholarly journals Editorial: Perspectives on teachers’ transdisciplinary professional competence

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bjørn Smestad ◽  
Monica Johannesen ◽  
Hanne Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Teacher Qualification ◽  
Teacher Competences ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Diversity Competence

What are the prevalent understandings of the concept of teachers’ professional competence? What knowledge forms and learning arenas are significant in developing teacher competences for the 21st century? In what ways can transdisciplinary goals of teacher education (such as diversity, research and development (R&D) and digital competence) contribute in forming teachers’ professional competence? This special issue’s contributions address a variety of perspectives on core concepts for understanding the complexity of teachers’ professional competence. They define, question and criticize the prevalent epistemological and ontological understandings within teacher qualification. They include theoretical and empirical papers addressing a variety of perspectives on teacher qualification and teachers’ professional competence, with a particular focus on the role of modes of knowledge, learning arenas and multidisciplinarity as contributors to transdisciplinary goals in teacher qualification. In addition, contributions illustrate dimensions of teachers’ professional competences such as teachers’ diversity competence, teachers’ R&D competence and teachers’ digital competence. 

Agenda-Setting Theory

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell McCombs ◽  
Sebastián Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Issue Salience ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Agenda ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
The Media ◽  
Setting Theory ◽  
Attribute Priming ◽  
Attribute Agenda Setting

This chapter discusses contemporary directions of agenda-setting research. It reviews the basic concept of agenda setting, the transfer of salience from the media agenda to the public agenda as a key step in the formation of public opinion, the concept of need for orientation as a determinant of issue salience, the ways people learn the media agenda, attribute agenda setting, and the consequences of agenda setting that result from priming and attribute priming. Across the theoretical areas found in the agenda-setting tradition, future studies can contribute to the role of news in media effects by showing how agenda setting evolves in the new and expanding media landscape as well as continuing to refine agenda setting’s core concepts.

Investigating Aquatic Insect Emergence: A Demonstration of the 5E Learning Cycle

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaleb K. Heinrich ◽  
Kelsey M. Robson ◽  
Colden V. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Insect Emergence ◽  
Undergraduate Biology ◽  
Aquatic Insect Emergence ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Habitat Boundaries ◽  
Study Designs

Traditionally, exploration of ecosystems in the context of undergraduate education has been restricted to connections within conventionally defined habitats (i.e., within a stream, within a forest). Further, instruction regarding the aquatic-terrestrial interface has emphasized directional inputs from land to water. However, a relatively new body of research has characterized reciprocal interactions and draws attention to fluxes from water to land, including the emergence of aquatic insects that serve as prey for terrestrial predators. We present a guide to an inquiry-based lesson for undergraduate biology that explores interactions and connections across aquatic and terrestrial habitat boundaries. The focus is on cross-habitat linkages within ecosystems, specifically addressing the question, What is the role of insect emergence in connecting the web of life linking aquatic and terrestrial habitats and organisms? Students (1) engage with a documentary film, (2) explore insect emergence and make observations of riparian insectivores, (3) explain the collected data, (4) elaborate on alternative study designs and a measure of ecosystem health, and (5) evaluate their new understanding. This lesson addresses core concepts and competencies for undergraduate biology education, as identified in the Vision and Change report.

scholarly journals Core Concepts of History Didactics and Historical Education in Intercultural Perspectives: Review of the International Scientific Conference (Graz, November 11–14, 2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
A. A. Linchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Teaching History ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Culture ◽  
Historical Education ◽  
The University ◽  
Widespread Dissemination

The article is a review of the main theoretical discussions of the international scientific conference on history didactics, which was organized at the University of Graz (Austria) at the end of 2020. The results of the conference indicate the presence of transformational processes taking place in history didactics. This is true both in relation to its basic concepts (historical consciousness, historical thinking, historical culture) and the methods of teaching history. The main trends of this transformation can be called the central role of issues of intercultural dialogue and cognition in history lessons, the comprehensive use of the digital environment in teaching history, the migration focus of history education and the widespread dissemination of ethical issues, the history of everyday life in history lessons. It was noted that this aspects are correlated with the development trends of modern memory studies, which gives hope for further correlation and mutual enrichment of the two discourses.

The Role of Virtual Worlds for Enhancing Student-Student Interaction in MOOCs

2016 ◽  
pp. 208-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Reis ◽  
Paula Escudeiro
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Massive Open Online Courses ◽  
Massive Open Online ◽  
The Core ◽  
Constructive Process ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Changing Role

This theoretical chapter attempts to clarify interaction role in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCS) and increased emphasis on utilization the virtual worlds, as tools to a constructive process where the learner should be actively involved. An overview of the core concepts of the MOOCs and Virtual Worlds is provided and an explanation of how these environments can be used for helping in creation more authentic learning activities. The chapter presents an interaction model based on collaboration, so as to elucidate the major design differences. In conclusion, we want explore the changing role of formal learning in an era open education, where the Massive Open Online Courses can allow access, in many cases completely free of cost to the learner.

scholarly journals Competência informacional no ambiente de trabalho: percepção do bibliotecário de órgão público | Information literacy in the workplace: perception of the public librarian

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Morbeck Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Federal Judiciary ◽  
Educational Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
Competence Training ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
The Subject

Resumo Competência informacional no ambiente de trabalho é o tema desta investigação que utilizou como método de pesquisa um levantamento, ou survey. O objetivo central do estudo foi investigar a percepção do bibliotecário de órgão público acerca da matéria e verificar o papel que ele representa na implementação de treinamento para tal competência. Aborda aspectos conceituais da competência informacional. Apresenta concepções de teóricos sobre o assunto, destaca sua importância, os benefícios que são alcançados e os obstáculos que dificultam sua aplicação. Tece considerações sobre a função social e educativa do bibliotecário. Investiga o conhecimento do bibliotecário de órgãos públicos do Poder Judiciário Federal, do Ministério Público da União e da Advocacia-Geral da União acerca da matéria examinada e a forma como poderia atuar na implementação de treinamento para que os servidores desses órgãos se tornem competentes informacionais. Usou, como procedimentos para coleta de dados, questionário semiestruturado, encaminhado para 225 bibliotecários de órgãos públicos objeto do estudo, retornando 78 regularmente preenchidos. Os resultados revelaram que os bibliotecários já tinham ouvido referências ao tema, mas as tentativas de conceituá-lo foram difusas. Apontaram as habilidades que devem ser adquiridas, considerando necessário conscientizar servidores, administração e o próprio bibliotecário sobre a importância da competência em informação nas organizações públicas. Entenderam que era deles o desafio de assumir esse papel, desde que adequadamente preparados, e que a biblioteca deve fazer parcerias com outros órgãos públicos e unidades internas, como recursos humanos, a fim de instituir programas específicos para treinamento nessa competência. Apontaram, ainda, os benefícios que podem ser alcançados e obstáculos a serem enfrentados para implantar e desenvolver treinamento em competência informacional no ambiente de trabalho.Palavras-chave competência informacional – ambiente de trabalho; órgão público – bibliotecário; papel educativo – bibliotecárioAbstract The theme of this dissertation is information literacy in the workplace. Using a survey as research method, the study’s principal objective is to investigate the public librarian’s perception and grasp of this concept and verify the role that he/she plays in implementing a training program in such competence. The study discusses conceptual aspects and the development of information competence. It reflects on the social and educational role of the librarians of public organs such as the Federal Judiciary, the Public Ministry of the Union and the Attorney General’s office. This study investigates the librarian’s knowledge of the subject and ways they could participate in the implementation of training so that the employees of the public organs develop information competence. Semi-formal questionnaires were used to obtain the data and were sent to 225 librarians working in these institutions, 78 of which filled out and returned the questionnaires. The data analyzed, the results revealed that the librarians were aware of or had heard of the subject but were unable to clearly explain the core concepts of information competence although some elements of the theme were mentioned. The study’s subjects mentioned the need of acquiring certain skills in order to inform employees, administration and other librarians of the importance of information competence in public organs. The librarians understood that the challenge to assume this role of understanding and disseminating information competence was theirs. Adequately prepared, the library must work together with other public organs and internal units such as human resources to implement specific information competence training programs. The librarians expressed confidence that employees in the public sector would indeed participate in such programs and pointed out the benefits achieved and obstacles to be overcome as a result of these training programs.Keywords information literacy – workplace; public organization – librarian; educative role of librarian

scholarly journals Dialogues in Sustainable HRM: Examining and Positioning Intended and Continuous Dialogue in Sustainable HRM Using a Complexity Thinking Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10853
Author(s):  
Jan Willem Nuis ◽  
Pascale Peters ◽  
Rob Blomme ◽  
Henk Kievit
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complexity Thinking ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Silver Bullet

In the emerging sustainable Human Resource Management (HRM) literature, advocating to ‘rehumanize’ and pluralize HRM, dialogue is put forward as a silver bullet to cope with paradoxical tensions and pluralist workforces. This conceptual paper aims to add to the sustainable HRM literature by examining the position and application of dialogue within sustainable HRM, using ideas and concepts from dialogue literature and complexity thinking. We applied core concepts of complexity thinking (i.e., self-organization, nonlinearity, attractors, and emergence) to deepen our understanding of the positioning of dialogue, the position of power, and the emergence of intended and unintended outcomes. Moreover, through the distinction between intentional and continuous dialogue, the intentional, dynamic, and emergent nature of dialogue was explored. Connecting, sensing, grasping, and influencing the local patterning of continuous dialogue is important for positioning dialogue within sustainable HRM, and intentional dialogical practices can support this. More specifically, based on our literature review, we present a conceptual model that furthers our understanding of (1) conceptualizations of dialogue as both intended and continuous; (2) the role of power in dialogue; (3) how stability and novelty emerge from dialogue. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of the developed perspectives on dialogue for future research as well as management practices.

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