When Being Discrepant from One's Ideal or Ought Selves Hurts: The Moderating Role of Neuroticism

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Y. Hong ◽  
Widyasari Triyono ◽  
Pearlyn S. Ong
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Possible Selves ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Discrepancy Theory ◽  
Mediating Mechanisms ◽  
Self Discrepancy ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Over Time

Self–discrepancy theory posits that people experience emotional consequences when they perceive discrepancies between their actual and possible selves. However, the extent to which people react emotionally to these self–discrepancies (i.e. ideal, ought and undesired) may be a function of individual differences in neuroticism. Across both experimental (Study 1; N = 155) and correlational designs (Study 2; N = 139) involving college students, the authors demonstrated that neuroticism moderated the discrepancy–emotion associations such that high–neuroticism individuals showed elevated depression and anxiety symptoms when their self–discrepancies were activated. The heightened symptoms were maintained over time. Negative repetitive thoughts (i.e. rumination and worry) were examined as potential mediating mechanisms between the discrepancy × neuroticism interaction and symptoms. Partial support was obtained in that rumination mediated between undesired discrepancy × neuroticism interaction and anxious/depressive symptoms. Implications and possible theoretical extensions for self–discrepancy theory are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Patterns of adolescent friendships, psychological adjustment and antisocial behavior: The moderating role of family stress and friendship reciprocity

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Ciairano ◽  
Emanuela Rabaglietti ◽  
Antonella Roggero ◽  
Silvia Bonino ◽  
Wim Beyers
Keyword(s):  
Family Stress ◽  
Friendship Quality ◽  
Context Factors ◽  
Depressive Feelings ◽  
Quality Scale ◽  
Peer Nomination ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Over Time

This study distinguishes different patterns of friendship quality in terms of support from and conflict with friends, and reciprocity. Associations between friendship patterns and adolescents' adjustment (self-perception, expectations for the future, depressive feelings, sense of alienation, lying, disobedience, and aggression) were hypothesized to be moderated by family stress and friendship reciprocity. The sample comprised 622 adolescents of both genders, aged 14 to 20 years. We administered a questionnaire, including the Friendship Quality Scale and a peer nomination, twice at a 6-month interval. We identified two patterns of stable friendships: high (47%) and low (37%) quality. In two other groups, friendship quality changed over time, either from low to high (7%), or from high to low (9%). Of all adolescents, 58% had reciprocal and stable friends and 42% had unilateral friends. Under conditions of high family stress, supportive friendships do not have a positive effect on expectations for success and sense of alienation. Reciprocal friendship promotes higher levels of lying and disobedience but also protects against aggression. Summarizing, the effects of friendship quality can be moderated, either diminishing or exacerbating it, by other context factors.

Team Conflict Perception Over Time in Virtual Teams: A Cross-level Moderating Role of Cultural Value

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 12494
Author(s):  
FUHE JIN ◽  
Etka Topaloglu ◽  
Chou-Yu Tsai ◽  
Yonghong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Team Conflict ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Over Time

Self, Career, and Gender Issues

2013 ◽  
pp. 79-111
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Gender Role Conflict ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Discrepancy Theory ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Self Discrepancy

This chapter aims to: demonstrate the role of individual differences; identify how issues of the self, such as self-efficacy and self-esteem, can influence women’s career choice and career outcomes; discuss self-discrepancy theory in relation to gender role conflict in the workplace; evaluate if high self-esteem and self-efficacy can be advantageous to women working in male dominated occupations and industries; describe how internalised self-view, may contribute to gendered occupational segregation; and discuss the concept of the psychological contract and job satisfaction.

scholarly journals Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Improves Over the First 12 Weeks Poststroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 836-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly J. Waddell ◽  
Michael J Strube ◽  
Rachel G. Tabak ◽  
Debra Haire-Joshu ◽  
Catherine E. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Recovery Trajectory ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Over Time

Background. Upper limb (UL) performance, or use, in daily life is complex and likely influenced by many factors. While the recovery trajectory of UL impairment poststroke is well documented, little is known about the recovery trajectory of sensor-measured UL performance in daily life early after stroke and the potential moderating role of psychosocial factors. Objective. To examine the recovery trajectory of UL performance within the first 12 weeks poststroke and characterize the potential moderating role of belief, confidence, and motivation on UL performance. Methods. This was a longitudinal, prospective cohort study quantifying UL performance and related psychosocial factors early after stroke. UL performance was quantified via bilateral, wrist-worn accelerometers over 5 assessment sessions for 24 hours. Belief, confidence, and motivation to use the paretic UL, and self-perceived barriers to UL recovery were quantified via survey. Change in 4 accelerometer variables and the moderating role of psychosocial factors was tested using hierarchical linear modeling. The relationship between self-perceived barriers and UL performance was tested via Spearman rank-order correlation analysis. Results. UL performance improved over the first 12 weeks after stroke. Belief, confidence, and motivation did not moderate UL performance over time. There was a negative relationship between UL performance and self-perceived barriers to UL recovery at week 2, which declined over time. Conclusions. Sensor-measured UL performance can improve early after stroke. Early after stroke, rehabilitation interventions may not need to directly target belief, confidence, and motivation but may instead focus on reducing self-perceived barriers to UL recovery.

The influence of health over time on psychological distress among older couples: the moderating role of marital functioning

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Villeneuve ◽  
Gilles Trudel ◽  
Luc Dargis ◽  
Michel Préville ◽  
Richard Boyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Marital Functioning ◽  
Older Couples ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals The Impact of Goal Disturbance after Cancer on Cortisol Levels over Time and the Moderating Role of COMT

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e0135708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moniek Janse ◽  
Martijn van Faassen ◽  
Ido Kema ◽  
Ans Smink ◽  
Adelita V. Ranchor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
After Cancer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Over Time

The role of perceived bullying norms in friendship dynamics: An examination of friendship selection and influence on bullying and victimization

2019 ◽  
pp. 016502541986853
Author(s):  
Huiyoung Shin
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Peer Nominations ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Friendship Selection

The current study examined whether youth’s perceived bullying norms play a role in friendship dynamics related to bullying and victimization among the fifth and sixth grade ( N = 736, 52% girls at Wave 1, N = 677, 52% girls at Wave 2) in elementary schools. Youth completed peer nominations (friendship, bullying, and victimization) and a self-reported measure of perceived bullying norms in the classroom. With longitudinal social network analysis (RSiena), this study investigated selection and influence of friends in bullying and victimization as well as the moderating role of perceived bullying norms in these processes. Results indicated that high bullying youth received many friendship nominations and tended to be more influenced by high bullying friends. In addition, highly victimized youth tended to form friendships with highly victimized peers, and youth whose friends are highly victimized became highly victimized themselves over time. As hypothesized, youth’s perceived bullying norms moderated these processes. As youth perceived higher bullying norms, the greater was the tendency for high bullying youth to select high bullying peers as friends and to be influenced by high bullying friends. Likewise, friend influence on victimization was magnified when youth perceived high bullying norms. The current study underscores the importance of youth’s perceived bullying norms in friendship dynamics of bullying and victimization.

scholarly journals Experimental study of particle concentration fluctuations in a turbulent steady flow

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
François-Xavier Cierco ◽  
Mohamed Naaim ◽  
Florence Naaim-Bouvet
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Free Stream ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Wind Tunnel Experiments ◽  
Simple Theoretical Model ◽  
Over Time

AbstractSpecific features of the physics of blown sand and PVC particles were investigated in wind-tunnel experiments. The fluctuations in particle concentration over time were derived from image processing of high-speed films (500 Hz). Spectral analysis of these time series showed a slowly decreasing slope within a frequency range that could be larger than the inertial sub-range of the free stream. A specific transport regime also appears in the lower part of the flow for frequencies less than 10 Hz. The role of turbulence in the generation of this regime is discussed using a simple theoretical model able to describe the aerodynamic behavior of a particle.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document