The Network Constellation of Personality and Substance Use: Evolution from Early to Late Adolescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. Afzali ◽  
Sherry Heather Stewart ◽  
Jean R. Séguin ◽  
Patricia Conrod
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Graphical Models ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Negative Role

There is a well–established link between substance use and four personality traits of anxiety–sensitivity, hopelessness, impulsivity, and sensation–seeking. However, construct–level models of personality may conceal indicator–level personality–outcome associations. The current study aims to investigate evolution of the network constellation of personality and cannabis/alcohol use from early to late adolescence. Data comes from the longitudinal Co–Venture cohort (N = 3800). Personality indicators, measured by Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS) items, and the frequency of cannabis/alcohol use were assessed at four consecutive years (13–17 years old). Network constellations of the SURPS items and cannabis/alcohol use were estimated using Bayesian Gaussian graphical models at four time points. Results highlighted the age–specific associations between personality indicators and substance use. The positive role of the sensation–seeking trait (e.g. attitude towards transgression) was constant, whereas the positive role of hopelessness indicators (e.g. not being enthusiastic about future) and the negative role of anxiety–sensitivity indicators (e.g. fear of having unusual body sensations) were more prominent at early adolescence. The current study provides a novel perspective on the network structure of personality and substance use in adolescence and suggests substance–specific and age–adjusted targets in intervention efforts. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology

Alcohol use in daily life: Examining the role of trait and state impulsivity facets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A Griffin ◽  
Timothy J Trull
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
Drinking Behaviors ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Objectives: Using Ecological Momentary Assessment methods (EMA) we aimed to investigate the influence of trait and state (momentary) impulsivity on alcohol use behaviors in daily life. Facets of the UPPS trait model of impulsivity (Whiteside and Lynam, 2001) have been found to differentially relate to alcohol-related outcomes and behaviors in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. The present work expands on this by assessing UPPS facets in daily life and examining the contributions of trait and state impulsivity facets to daily life drinking behavior. Methods: 49 participants were prompted at least six times per day for 21 days. A total of 4,548 collected EMA reports were included in analyses. Multi-level models were computed predicting daily life alcohol use behaviors from state and trait impulsivity facets and relevant covariates. Results: Individual facets of momentary impulsivity differentially related to alcohol outcomes, such that (lack of) premeditation and, to a lesser extent, sensation seeking showed unique patterns of association with drinking and drinking quantity. Only trait levels of (lack of) premeditation were related to drinking behavior in daily life; no other trait UPPS scale significantly related to alcohol use. Conclusions: These results highlight state difficulties with premeditation as particularly relevant to drinking behavior in daily life. Our results also support the incremental validity of state impulsivity facets over trait level measures in relation to drinking behavior in daily life. These findings offer important insight into the phenomenology of daily-life alcohol use and highlight possible avenues for intervention and prevention efforts. Public Health Statement: Momentary fluctuations in premeditation predict alcohol use in daily life. Treatments targeting planning or forethought in relation to alcohol use may interrupt this process contributing to daily life drinking behaviors.

Sleep Problems During the Preschool Years and Beyond as a Marker of Risk and Resilience in Substance Use

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria M. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Sleep Physiology ◽  
Before And After

Individuals with alcohol problems have well-described disturbances of sleep, but the development of these disturbances both before and after the onset of problem drinking is poorly understood. This chapter first discusses sleep physiology and its measurement in humans. It then examines the functions of sleep and its role in development. Next, it reviews recent research on the relationship between sleep and alcohol use and related problems. Whereas sleep problems (e.g., difficulties falling or staying asleep) increase the risk of early onset of alcohol use and related problems, sleep rhythmicity promotes resilience to the development of alcohol use disorder and problem substance use. Based on existing research, this chapter proposes a theoretical model of sleep and alcohol use, highlighting the role of self-regulatory processes as mediators of this relationship.

scholarly journals The role of pubertal timing in the link between family history of alcohol use disorder and late adolescent substance use

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 107955
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Weigard ◽  
Jillian E. Hardee ◽  
Robert A. Zucker ◽  
Mary M. Heitzeg ◽  
Adriene M. Beltz
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
History Of

Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders in Late Adolescence: The Role of Risk and Perceived Social Support

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph H. Beitchman ◽  
Edward M. Adlaf ◽  
Leslie Atkinson ◽  
Lori Douglas ◽  
Joseph H. Beitchman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Late Adolescence

Substance Use Disorders and Intentional Injury

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Janet Kuramoto-Crawford ◽  
Holly C. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Intentional Injuries ◽  
Drug Use Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

Intentional injuries affect millions of lives worldwide. The authors provide an overview of the epidemiological and preventive evidence on the relationship between substance use disorders (SUD) and intentional injuries. Emphasis is placed on suicide and intimate partner violence, as each area has received substantial research attention in relation to SUD. There is robust epidemiological evidence on the relationship between SUD, notably with alcohol use disorders, and most intentional injuries. Research has focused on the identification of factors that distinguish individuals with alcohol use disorders who are at particularly high risk for intentional injuries. Characterization of those with other drug use disorders who are at risk for engaging in intentional injuries and the role of SUD in intentional injuries has been less extensively investigated. The authors conclude with a discussion of public health approaches to the prevention of intentional injuries among individuals with SUD.

scholarly journals SERANGGA dan PERANANNYA DALAM BIDANG PERTANIAN dan KEHIDUPAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Araz Meilin ◽  
Nasamsir .
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Living Thing ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Negative Role

AbstractThe insect is a group of living thing that have the largest number of species. This article was compiled by aiming literature method studies at informing the negative and positive roles of insects in a farming and life. Some insects have a positive or negative role in agriculture and life. The negative role of insects in agriculture and life as cultivation plant, as a disease vector on the plant, and it cause humand being stickness. The positive role of insect is as pollinators, as a decomposer, as predators or parasitoids, as environment bioindikator, as the producer of the useful materials and beneficial in the field of health. Keywords: insects, vectors, natural enemies, pollinators, decomposer AbstrakSerangga merupakan kelompok makhluk hidup yang memiliki jumlah spesies terbanyak. Tulisan ini disusun dari studi literatur dan bertujuan menginformasikan peran negatif dan positif serangga dalam bidang pertanian dan kehidupan.  Beberapa anggota dari serangga memiliki peranan positif maupun negatif di bidang pertanian dan kehidupan.  Peran negatif serangga dibidang pertanian dan kehidupan adalah sebagai pemakan tumbuhan budidaya, sebagai vektor penyebab penyakit pada tanaman, dan sebagai penyebab penyakit pada manusia. Peran positif serangga adalah sebagai polinator atau penyerbuk, sebagai dekomposer atau pengurai, sebagai predator atau parasitoid (musuh alami), sebagai bioindikator lingkungan, sebagai penghasil bahan-bahan berguna dan bermanfaat  dalam bidang kesehatan. Kata Kunci: serangga, vektor, musuh alami, polinator, dekomposer

scholarly journals The ST2/Interleukin-33 Axis in Hematologic Malignancies: The IL-33 Paradox

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Allegra ◽  
Vanessa Innao ◽  
Gennaro Tartarisco ◽  
Giovanni Pioggia ◽  
Marco Casciaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Interleukin 33 ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Negative Role

Interleukin (IL)-33 is a chromatin-related nuclear interleukin that is a component of IL-1 family. IL-33 production augments the course of inflammation after cell damage or death. It is discharged into the extracellular space. IL-33 is regarded as an “alarmin” able to stimulate several effectors of the immune system, regulating numerous immune responses comprising cancer immune reactions. IL-33 has been demonstrated to influence tumorigenesis. However, as far as this cytokine is concerned, we are faced with what has sometimes been defined as the IL-33 paradox. Several studies have demonstrated a relevant role of IL-33 to numerous malignancies, where it may have pro- and—less frequently—antitumorigenic actions. In the field of hematological malignancies, the role of IL-33 seems even more complex. Although we can affirm the existence of a negative role of IL-33 in Chronic myelogenos leukemia (CML) and in lymphoproliferative diseases and a positive role in pathologies such as Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the action of IL-33 seems to be multiple and sometimes contradictory within the same pathology. In the future, we will have to learn to govern the negative aspects of activating the IL-33/ST2 axis and exploit the positive ones.

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