scholarly journals The ST2/Interleukin-33 Axis in Hematologic Malignancies: The IL-33 Paradox

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Allegra ◽  
Vanessa Innao ◽  
Gennaro Tartarisco ◽  
Giovanni Pioggia ◽  
Marco Casciaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Interleukin 33 ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Negative Role

Interleukin (IL)-33 is a chromatin-related nuclear interleukin that is a component of IL-1 family. IL-33 production augments the course of inflammation after cell damage or death. It is discharged into the extracellular space. IL-33 is regarded as an “alarmin” able to stimulate several effectors of the immune system, regulating numerous immune responses comprising cancer immune reactions. IL-33 has been demonstrated to influence tumorigenesis. However, as far as this cytokine is concerned, we are faced with what has sometimes been defined as the IL-33 paradox. Several studies have demonstrated a relevant role of IL-33 to numerous malignancies, where it may have pro- and—less frequently—antitumorigenic actions. In the field of hematological malignancies, the role of IL-33 seems even more complex. Although we can affirm the existence of a negative role of IL-33 in Chronic myelogenos leukemia (CML) and in lymphoproliferative diseases and a positive role in pathologies such as Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the action of IL-33 seems to be multiple and sometimes contradictory within the same pathology. In the future, we will have to learn to govern the negative aspects of activating the IL-33/ST2 axis and exploit the positive ones.

scholarly journals SERANGGA dan PERANANNYA DALAM BIDANG PERTANIAN dan KEHIDUPAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Araz Meilin ◽  
Nasamsir .
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Living Thing ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Negative Role

AbstractThe insect is a group of living thing that have the largest number of species. This article was compiled by aiming literature method studies at informing the negative and positive roles of insects in a farming and life. Some insects have a positive or negative role in agriculture and life. The negative role of insects in agriculture and life as cultivation plant, as a disease vector on the plant, and it cause humand being stickness. The positive role of insect is as pollinators, as a decomposer, as predators or parasitoids, as environment bioindikator, as the producer of the useful materials and beneficial in the field of health. Keywords: insects, vectors, natural enemies, pollinators, decomposer AbstrakSerangga merupakan kelompok makhluk hidup yang memiliki jumlah spesies terbanyak. Tulisan ini disusun dari studi literatur dan bertujuan menginformasikan peran negatif dan positif serangga dalam bidang pertanian dan kehidupan.  Beberapa anggota dari serangga memiliki peranan positif maupun negatif di bidang pertanian dan kehidupan.  Peran negatif serangga dibidang pertanian dan kehidupan adalah sebagai pemakan tumbuhan budidaya, sebagai vektor penyebab penyakit pada tanaman, dan sebagai penyebab penyakit pada manusia. Peran positif serangga adalah sebagai polinator atau penyerbuk, sebagai dekomposer atau pengurai, sebagai predator atau parasitoid (musuh alami), sebagai bioindikator lingkungan, sebagai penghasil bahan-bahan berguna dan bermanfaat  dalam bidang kesehatan. Kata Kunci: serangga, vektor, musuh alami, polinator, dekomposer

scholarly journals Preferential Inhibition of BMAL2-CLOCK Activity by PER2 Reemphasizes Its Negative Role and a Positive Role of BMAL2 in the Circadian Transcription

2009 ◽  
Vol 284 (37) ◽  
pp. 25149-25159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momoko Sasaki ◽  
Hikari Yoshitane ◽  
Ngoc-Hien Du ◽  
Toshiyuki Okano ◽  
Yoshitaka Fukada
Keyword(s):  
Positive Role ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Circadian Transcription

The Network Constellation of Personality and Substance Use: Evolution from Early to Late Adolescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. Afzali ◽  
Sherry Heather Stewart ◽  
Jean R. Séguin ◽  
Patricia Conrod
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Graphical Models ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Negative Role

There is a well–established link between substance use and four personality traits of anxiety–sensitivity, hopelessness, impulsivity, and sensation–seeking. However, construct–level models of personality may conceal indicator–level personality–outcome associations. The current study aims to investigate evolution of the network constellation of personality and cannabis/alcohol use from early to late adolescence. Data comes from the longitudinal Co–Venture cohort (N = 3800). Personality indicators, measured by Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS) items, and the frequency of cannabis/alcohol use were assessed at four consecutive years (13–17 years old). Network constellations of the SURPS items and cannabis/alcohol use were estimated using Bayesian Gaussian graphical models at four time points. Results highlighted the age–specific associations between personality indicators and substance use. The positive role of the sensation–seeking trait (e.g. attitude towards transgression) was constant, whereas the positive role of hopelessness indicators (e.g. not being enthusiastic about future) and the negative role of anxiety–sensitivity indicators (e.g. fear of having unusual body sensations) were more prominent at early adolescence. The current study provides a novel perspective on the network structure of personality and substance use in adolescence and suggests substance–specific and age–adjusted targets in intervention efforts. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology

Mechanisms of Suppression Used by Regulatory T Cells in Patients Newly Diagnosed with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 2938-2938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslaw J Szczepanski ◽  
Marta Szajnik ◽  
Malgorzata Czystowska ◽  
Magis Mandapathil ◽  
Ann Welsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Abstract An elevated frequency of CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells (Treg) has been reported in the peripheral blood in patients with various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Although the increase in Treg seems to be a characteristic feature of most tumors, the functional role of Treg and the mechanisms of suppression, especially in patients with hematologic malignancies, have been less well defined. We investigated Treg-mediated suppression and the responsible mechanisms in thirty newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients prior to any treatment and twenty five healthy donors (NC). The percentage of circulating CD4+ CD25high Treg was higher (p <0.0001) in the AML patients (4.5 ±0.2%, range 1.7–8.2%) compared to NC (1.5 ± 0.08%, range 0.9–3.1 %). To evaluate the suppressive function, CD4+CD25high T cells (S) were co-cultured with sorted, CFSE-labeled autologous CD4+CD25high T cells (R) at different S/R ratios. Suppression mediated by Treg co-incubated with proliferating autologous responders was significantly higher (p<0.001) in AML than that mediated by control Treg. To evaluate the role of cytokines produced by Treg in suppression and a need for cell-to- cell contact, transwell analysis of S/R co-cultures was performed. Co-incubation in the presence of transwell inserts (TRI) resulted in significant reduction of suppression (p<0.05), and the addition of neutralizing antibodies to IL-10 and TGF-β1 in the presence of TRI further decreased suppression mediated by Treg. These data suggest that both immunoinhibitory cytokine production and cell-to-cell contact are necessary for suppression. To explore other potential mechanisms of Treg suppression, we evaluated the expression by Treg of ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 and the capability of Treg to produce adenosine. CD4+CD25high T cells of AML patients had higher expression (p<0.01) of CD39 and more efficiently hydrolyzed ATP to adenosine relative to Treg in NC. These data indicate that various mechanisms of suppression may be utilized by Treg in patients with AML. The increase frequency of Treg mediating potent suppression by various mechanisms is likely to play a role in host anti-tumor immune responses. Therefore, modulation of the frequency and functions of Treg might provide new immunotherapeutic approaches in AML.

scholarly journals Noncoding RNAs in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: From Key Regulators to Clinical Players

Scientifica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Fatica
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Genetic Abnormalities ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Recent Demonstration ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Recent analyses have shown that human cells transcribe almost their entire genomes, implying the existence of a huge mass of ncRNAs. At the present, microRNAs are the most investigated regulative non-coding RNAs. Several studies have demonstrated that microRNAs play a crucial role in hematopoietic differentiation and hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Aberrant expression of microRNAs has been associated with specific genetic abnormalities and clinical outcome of patients with AML. In addition, since microRNAs can function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, the potential of using these molecules as therapeutic targets opens up new opportunities in the future of AML therapy. The recent demonstration that other regulatory ncRNAs, in addition to microRNAs, are involved in hematopoietic cell differentiation and diseases, suggests that they may also have a biological relevance in AML. This paper will describe the role of ncRNAs in AML and discuss the expectations for the use of ncRNAs in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of AML.

scholarly journals Freedom of expression -The Clash of Rights

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 516-521
Author(s):  
Andhika Yahya Santiago Baramuli
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Modern Democracy ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
The Right

This article will examine the shift in the role of freedom of expression based on recent events, observing how the right to freedom guaranteed by law has shifted into a coercive political tool in modern democracy. The results of this article show that, freedom of expression has been melted and shaped into a shield into a sword. This has changed from what was traditionally a negative role to guarantee people's freedom from arbitrary exercise of power, to a positive role in which people can exercise their liberties against their own rights.

scholarly journals Role of IL-33/ST2 Axis in Chronic Inflammatory Neurological Disorderss

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Dimitrijevic ◽  
Aleksandar Arsenijevic ◽  
Marija Milovanovic ◽  
Bojana Stojanovic ◽  
Dragana Arsenijevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Cell Necrosis ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Interleukin 33 ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of IL-1 family of cytokines, produced constitutively by fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells. IL-33 can be released passively from cells during tissue damage and cell necrosis, suggesting that it may act as an alarmin. Function of IL-33 is mediated by its interaction with ST2 molecule that is expressed on many immune cells: Th2 lymphocytes, NK, NKT and mast cells, monocytes, dendritic cells and granulocytes. IL-33/ST2 pathway plays, often dual, roles in different physiological and inflammatory processes, mediating both, pathological immune responses and tissue repair. Expression of IL-33 in the central nervous system (CNS) is significantly enhanced during various pathological processes, indicating its important role in the pathogenesis of neurological inflammatory and degenerative diseases. In this review the biological features, expression of IL-33 and its ligand ST2 in CNS, and the role of IL- 33/ST2 pathway in development of Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis are discussed.

scholarly journals Insights into novel emerging epigenetic drugs in myeloid malignancies

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204062071986608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namrata S. Chandhok ◽  
Thomas Prebet
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Epigenetic Modifiers ◽  
The Us ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Epigenetic Regulators ◽  
Heritable Phenotype

Epigenetics has been defined as ‘a stably heritable phenotype resulting from changes in a chromosome without alterations in the DNA sequence’ and several epigenetic regulators are recurrently mutated in hematological malignancies. Epigenetic modifications include changes such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and RNA associated gene silencing. Transcriptional regulation, chromosome stability, DNA replication and DNA repair are all controlled by these modifications. Mutations in genes encoding epigenetic modifiers are a frequent occurrence in hematologic malignancies and important in both the initiation and progression of cancer. Epigenetic modifications are also frequently reversible, allowing excellent opportunities for therapeutic intervention. The goal of epigenetic therapies is to reverse epigenetic dysregulation, restore the epigenetic balance, and revert malignant cells to a more normal condition. The role of epigenetic therapies thus far is most established in hematologic malignancies, with several agents already approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. In this review, we discuss pharmacological agents targeting epigenetic regulators.

scholarly journals Febrile temperatures increase in vitro antibody affinity for malaria and dengue antigens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razvan C. Stan ◽  
Katia S. Françoso ◽  
Rubens P.S. Alves ◽  
Luís Carlos S. Ferreira ◽  
Irene S. Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antibody Affinity ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Protein Partners ◽  
Adaptive Role

AbstractFever is a regulated elevation in the body setpoint temperature and may arise as a result of infectious and noninfectious causes. While beneficial in modulating immune responses to infection, the potential of febrile temperatures in regulating antigen binding affinity to antibodies has not been explored. We have investigated this process under in vitro conditions using selected malaria or dengue antigens and specific monoclonal antibodies, and observed a marked increase in the affinity of these antibody-antigen complexes at 40°C, compared to physiological (37°C) or pathophysiological temperatures (42°C). Induced thermal equilibration of the protein partners at these temperatures, prior to measurements, further increased their binding affinity. These results may indicate an unexpected beneficial and adaptive role for fever in vivo, and highlight the positive role of thermal priming in enhancing protein-protein affinity for samples of scarce availability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document