scholarly journals Social desirability and consensual validity of personality traits

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 549-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenn Konstabel ◽  
Toivo Aavik ◽  
Jüri Allik
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Socially Desirable Responding ◽  
Person Description ◽  
Desirability Index ◽  
Peer Reports ◽  
Suppressor Variable ◽  
Better Than

The effect of socially desirable responding (SDR) on the consensual validity of personality traits was studied. SDR was operationalized as the sum of items weighted by their respective social desirability values (Social Desirability Index, SDI), which could be computed for both self‐ and peer‐reports. In addition, the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) was used as a measure of SDR. It was shown that both self‐peer and peer‐peer agreement rose significantly for most studied traits when SDI was controlled in both self‐ and peer‐reports. BIDR was a significant suppressor variable in only one of the analyses involving Neuroticism. The SDI detected faking on personality scales somewhat better than the BIDR scales. It is argued that the SDI is a measure of evaluativeness of a person description, and that people agree more on descriptive than on evaluative aspects of a target's personality traits. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Descriptive consistency and social desirability in self‐and peer reports

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Borkenau ◽  
Fritz Ostendorf
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Socially Desirable Responding ◽  
Personality Inventories ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Peer Reports

In the present study, 300 subjects were administered 20 sets of four trait‐descriptive terms where aspects of content and evaluation were unconfounded (e.g. firm, severe, lenient, and lax). Each subject was also evaluated by three peers using the same sets of four trait terms. Moreover, the subjects responded to several personality inventories and rating scales, and they were also described on these rating scales by their peers. The results showed that the subjects frequently ascribed to themselves or to their peers two favourable trait terms that were descriptively inconsistent (e.g. firm, lenient). A measure of individual differences in socially desirable responding was constructed by summing all desirable responses. Subjects who described themselves in a socially desirable manner were less neurotic and more conscientious according to self‐reports as well as peer reports. Several implications of the findings are discussed, and the present SD measure is compared with several well‐known desirability scales.

Handwriting Analysis and Personality Assessment

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Greasley
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Handwriting Analysis ◽  
Recruitment Process ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Personnel Recruitment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Better Than

It has been estimated that graphology is used by over 80% of European companies as part of their personnel recruitment process. And yet, after over three decades of research into the validity of graphology as a means of assessing personality, we are left with a legacy of equivocal results. For every experiment that has provided evidence to show that graphologists are able to identify personality traits from features of handwriting, there are just as many to show that, under rigorously controlled conditions, graphologists perform no better than chance expectations. In light of this confusion, this paper takes a different approach to the subject by focusing on the rationale and modus operandi of graphology. When we take a closer look at the academic literature, we note that there is no discussion of the actual rules by which graphologists make their assessments of personality from handwriting samples. Examination of these rules reveals a practice founded upon analogy, symbolism, and metaphor in the absence of empirical studies that have established the associations between particular features of handwriting and personality traits proposed by graphologists. These rules guide both popular graphology and that practiced by professional graphologists in personnel selection.

Coping, Defense and Socially Desirable Responses

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 985-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry A. Alker
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Socially Desirable Responding ◽  
Social Desirability Scale ◽  
Strategic Capacity ◽  
Defensive Behaviors ◽  
The Social

Coping and defensive behaviors, assessed by intensive interviews, covary, respectively, with the presence of socially desirable and socially undesirable inventory responses. Minimizing the influence of the social desirability variable consequently interferes with the strategic capacity of inventory items to index coping and defense. Furthermore, using low social-desirability scale value items most effectively discriminates between genuine and defensively distorted inventory responses. Neutral items are less efficient in this connection even though they minimize socially desirable responding.

Personality, situation, and positive–negative asymmetry in socially desirable responding

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjaana Lindeman ◽  
Markku Verkasalo
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Socially Desirable Responding ◽  
Personal Ideals ◽  
Public Setting ◽  
Extreme Responses ◽  
Private Setting ◽  
Psychological Determinant

Based on previous research on socially desirable responding and positive—negative asymmetry, we hypothesized that (i) impression management is higher in public than in private settings, (ii) personal ideals linked to exemplification, ingratiation, and intimidation are related to an impression management tendency, (iii) negatively keyed social desirability items receive more extreme responses than positively keyed items, and (iv) self‐esteem is correlated higher with negatively than with positively keyed self‐deception items. Based on Jones and Pittman's (1982) model, exemplification, ingratiation, and intimidation are defined as impression management strategies that aim at presenting oneself as worthy, likable, or dangerous, respectively. Principally, the results obtained in a public setting (N=177) and a private setting (N= 165) support these hypotheses. The overall pattern of findings suggests that both context and personal ideals exert an influence on impression management scores, and that the keying direction of an item may be an important psychological determinant of a test response.

scholarly journals The assessment of effects of partialling out of socially desirable responding variance on personality traits scores in instructed applicant situations

Psihologija ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-321
Author(s):  
Goran Opacic ◽  
Tatjana Mentus
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Socially Desirable Responding ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Fake Good

The aim of this study was to examine the extent to which the socially desirable responding (SDR) distorts results of HEDONICA personaliy inventory (acronim based on eight dimensions of this inventory: Honesty, Disintegration, Impulsiveness, Openness, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness). The inventory HEDONICA was merged with components of the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) as a control inventory and was administered to a sample of 227 students under two experimental situations/ contexts, operationalized by two instructions: the standard (S) one (such as ?be honest?) and the ?fake good? (FG) one (such as ?portray yourself in a most positive way?). Comparing scores in S and FG situations by using MANOVA, a clear distortion on all personality traits in socially desirable directions were evidenced. When, however, the BIDR subscales in the FG situation were entered into MANOVA as covariates, differences between personality scores in S and FG sitautions were considerably reduced, and became statistically insignificant on five personality dimensions. When the variance of dimensions of the BIDR inventory was removed from the variance of HEDONICA traits in FG situation, the change between intercorrelations of personality dimensions in S and FG situations did not attain statistical significance. This lead to the conclusion that the SDR bias, if even does affect test results (i.e., enhances scores in FG situation), does not affect the scale structure and predictive validity of the examined personality inventory.

scholarly journals The interaction between serotonin transporter allelic variation and maternal care modulates sociability on Instagram

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bonassi ◽  
Ilaria Cataldo ◽  
Giulio Gabrieli ◽  
Moses Tandiono ◽  
Jia Nee Foo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Parental Bonding ◽  
Serotonin Transporter Gene ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Transporter Gene ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Desirability Index

Human social interactions ensure recognition and approval from others, both in offline and online environments. This study applies a model from behavioural genetics on Instagram sociability to explore the impact of individual development on the behaviour on social networks.We hypothesize that sociable attitudes on Instagram resulted from an interaction between serotonin transporter gene alleles and the individual’s social relationship with caregivers. We assess environmental and genetic components of 57 Instagram users. The self-report questionnaire Parental Bonding Instrument is adopted to determine the quality of parental bonding. The number of posts, followed users (“followings”), and followers are collected from Instagram as measures of online social activity. Additionally, the ratio between the number of followers and followings (“Social Desirability Index”) was calculated to estimate the asymmetry of each user’s social network. Finally, buccal mucosa cell samples were acquired, and the polymorphism rs25531 (T/T homozygotes vs C-carriers) within the serotonin transporter gene was examined.In the preliminary analysis, we identified a gender effect on the number of followings. In line with our predictions, we specifically found a gene- environment interaction on the standardized Instagram “Social Desirability Index”: users with the genotype more sensitive to environmental influences (T/T homozygotes) showed a higher Instagram “Social Desirability Index” than non-sensitive ones (C-carriers) when they experienced positive maternal care.This result may contribute to the understanding of online social behaviour from a gene*environment perspective.

scholarly journals Can Social Desirability Be Detected Statistically at the Macro-Sociological Level?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter R. Schumm ◽  
◽  
Duane W. Crawford ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Same Sex Parents ◽  
Suppressor Variable

While a few have argued that social science has been subject to progressive biases, others have discounted such ideas. However, no one has yet performed empirical tests over a large range of studies for such possible bias, which we label macro-level social desirability (MLSD). Combining the results from fifty-nine empirical studies that assessed rates of nonheterosexuality among children of same-sex parents, we found that the higher the maximum rates reported, the less likely those reports were to have been cited in Google Scholar by counts or by annual rate, which may reflect MLSD. However, after several statistical controls, the association for counts became non-significant, while the association for rates became stronger, although the effect sizes were in a moderate (d = .28 or higher) to large range (d, up to .68) by either analysis. Generally, research quality acted as a suppressor variable for MLSD but was significantly related to both counts and rates of citations, indicating that higher quality articles were more likely to have been cited, even controlling for the number of years since first publication. Higher quality articles were slightly more likely to report higher rates of nonheterosexuality among children of same-sex parents. We discuss implications of our findings and suggest future directions of research.

The psychological determinants of pro-environmental behavior of russian students

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-E) ◽  
pp. 275-280
Author(s):  
Elena A. Privalova ◽  
Regina V. Ershova ◽  
Maria A. Erofeeva ◽  
Elena N. Belous ◽  
Olga V. Salomatina
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Psychological Determinants ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Inverse Effect

The present article aims to investigate the results of the study, which was conducted to identify the psychological determinants of pro-environmental behavior of Russian students in the field of energy-saving. The sample amounted to 197 university students (59 males and 138 females). Values, personality traits, and time perspective components were viewed as the critical determinants of pro-environmental behavior. The results show that pro-environmental behavior is directly affected by such variables as “universalism: nature,” “security: societal”, “empathy,” “stability of emotions,” “positive past,” “social desirability: subject,” and “benevolence: caring” have an inverse effect on pro-environmental behavior. The article also shows the research perspectives for the study of pro-environmental behavior.

Trait Valence and the Better-Than-Average Effect

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 734-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron S. Gold ◽  
Mark G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Prospect Theory ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
Average Student ◽  
Better Than

People tend to regard themselves as having superior personality traits compared to their average peer. To test whether this “better-than-average effect” varies with trait valence, participants ( N = 154 students) rated both themselves and the average student on traits constituting either positive or negative poles of five trait dimensions. In each case, the better-than-average effect was found, but trait valence had no effect. Results were discussed in terms of Kahneman and Tversky's prospect theory.

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