scholarly journals The assessment of effects of partialling out of socially desirable responding variance on personality traits scores in instructed applicant situations

Psihologija ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-321
Author(s):  
Goran Opacic ◽  
Tatjana Mentus
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Socially Desirable Responding ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Fake Good

The aim of this study was to examine the extent to which the socially desirable responding (SDR) distorts results of HEDONICA personaliy inventory (acronim based on eight dimensions of this inventory: Honesty, Disintegration, Impulsiveness, Openness, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness). The inventory HEDONICA was merged with components of the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) as a control inventory and was administered to a sample of 227 students under two experimental situations/ contexts, operationalized by two instructions: the standard (S) one (such as ?be honest?) and the ?fake good? (FG) one (such as ?portray yourself in a most positive way?). Comparing scores in S and FG situations by using MANOVA, a clear distortion on all personality traits in socially desirable directions were evidenced. When, however, the BIDR subscales in the FG situation were entered into MANOVA as covariates, differences between personality scores in S and FG sitautions were considerably reduced, and became statistically insignificant on five personality dimensions. When the variance of dimensions of the BIDR inventory was removed from the variance of HEDONICA traits in FG situation, the change between intercorrelations of personality dimensions in S and FG situations did not attain statistical significance. This lead to the conclusion that the SDR bias, if even does affect test results (i.e., enhances scores in FG situation), does not affect the scale structure and predictive validity of the examined personality inventory.

scholarly journals Personality traits as a potential predictor of willingness to undergo various orthodontic treatments

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 899-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Hansen ◽  
Sean Shih-Yao Liu ◽  
Stuart M. Schrader ◽  
Jeffery A. Dean ◽  
Kelton T. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Multiple Variable ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender ◽  
Patient Willingness

ABSTRACTObjective:To establish an association between patient personality traits and potential willingness to undergo various orthodontic treatments.Materials and Methods:One hundred adolescent individuals aged 12–16 years completed an anonymous electronic questionnaire via Survey Monkey. The 24-item questionnaire contained three major sections: patient demographics, a modified Big Five Inventory (BFI)-10 personality index, and a willingness to undergo treatment assessment. Multiple-variable linear regression analyses were used to determine the associations among age, gender, ethnicity, and the five personality traits simultaneously with willingness to undergo treatment. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ .05.Results:Ninety-six of the 100 individuals were included in the statistical analysis. Age, ethnicity, and gender failed to correlate with potential willingness to undergo orthodontic treatment. Several personality dimensions within the modified BFI-10 (agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism) were significantly associated with willingness to undergo various orthodontic treatments (P ≤ .05). Agreeableness demonstrated positive correlations with five treatment modalities, while both conscientiousness and neuroticism exhibited negative associations with a single treatment modality. Openness and extraversion were the only personality dimensions that failed to associate with any of the treatment modalities. Four of the nine treatment modalities had no association with patient demographics or a patient's personality dimensions.Conclusions:Personality traits are useful in predicting a patient's potential willingness to participate in various orthodontic treatments. The agreeableness dimension provided the most utility in predicting patient willingness. Age, ethnicity, and gender were not significant in predicting patient willingness.

Validity of the Five Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI): An Investigation in Italy

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Perugini ◽  
Anna Paola Ercolani
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
High Level

The Big Five are nowadays the standard factors of personality dimensions. Several instruments have been proposed in the last few years for their measurement, either with adjectives or with items. A new state-of-the-art questionnaire to measure the Big Five is the Five-Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI), composed of 100 items. For this article, the questionnaire was validated in Italy with a sample of 249 subjects. Generalizibility, reliability, construct validity (convergent and discriminant), and predictive validity were investigated. Particular attention was devoted to the fifth factor, the most debated in current literature. Results fully supported the validity of FFPI and testify to its high-level psychometric properties. The fifth factor of the FFPI proved to be different from the standard definitions (Intellect or Openness to Experience), being better characterized as Autonomy.

scholarly journals Socially prescribed perfectioism and personality

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-118
Author(s):  
María Vicent ◽  
Cándido J. Inglés ◽  
Carolina Gonzálvez ◽  
Ricardo Sanmartín ◽  
José Manuel García-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Socially Prescribed Perfectionism ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP) and the Big Five personality traits in a sample of 804 Primary School students between 8 and 11 years old (M=9.57; SD=1.12). The SPP subscale of the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) and the Big Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-N), which evaluate the traits of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, were used. The mean difference analysis showed that students with high levels of SPP scored significantly higher on Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Extraversion and Openness, with small effect sizes for all cases. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in Neuroticism. Logistic regression analysis revealed that all personality traits, except neuroticism, whose results didn’t reach the statistical significance, significantly and positively predicted higher scores on PSP, with OR levels ranging from 1.01 (for Conscientiousness and Agreeableness) to 1.03 (for Openness and Extraversion).

Personality of children with accident‐related injuries

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarete Vollrath ◽  
Markus A. Landolt ◽  
Karin Ribi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
School Children ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Personality Inventory For Children ◽  
Comprehensive Test

Previous studies based on a variety of behaviour, temperament, and personality measures identified a pattern of over‐activity, impulsiveness, emotional instability, and aggressiveness in children who are prone to accidents. The present study is the first to study accident‐prone children by means of a comprehensive test for the assessment of the Five Factor model (Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children (HiPIC) (Mervielde & De Fruyt, 1999). 118 children, aged 6–15 years, who were hospitalized due to an accident‐related injury, were contrasted with 184 school‐children of the same age. Lower socio‐economic status was under‐represented in both groups. Children who were exposed to accidents had higher scores on the facets of energy, optimism, and non‐shyness (Extraversion domain), and lower scores on the facets of concentration and achievement striving (Conscientiousness domain). There was no indication of higher aggressiveness, impulsiveness, or emotional instability in the group exposed to accidents, and there were no gender‐by‐accident interactions. Results suggest that there is a relatively benign pattern of personality traits that is related to greater accident hazard in children. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Brand personality of fabric content: an application of the multidimensional implicit association test (md-IAT)

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Eun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Brand Personality ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Personality Traits

Purpose This study aims to explore whether fabric contents, specifically cotton and polyester, possess particular personality dimensions, as posited by Aaker (1997). The author examined both explicit (conscious, deliberate) and implicit (unconscious, automatic) perceptions of brand personality traits of cotton and polyester. Design/methodology/approach The convenience sample of this study included 51 students from different merchandising classes in a Midwestern university. Participants were first directed to the multidimensional implicit association test (md-IAT) and their implicit perceptions were measured for the content of the two fabrics (cotton and polyester) on five different personality attribute dimensions (sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication and ruggedness). After the IAT, participants completed the post-IAT survey, including explicit measures of brand personality attributes of cotton and polyester. Findings The findings of this study show that fabric contents can be successfully described and differentiated by Aaker’s brand personality dimensions. Compared with polyester, the distinctive brand personality of cotton was the favorable association between cotton and sincerity. This association was significantly higher than all other personality dimensions in both consumers’ implicit and explicit perceptions. Neither cotton nor polyester was significantly associated with the exciting, competent and sophisticated personality dimensions. Originality/value A unique contribution of this study is that it examines implicit perceptions of the brand personality traits of cotton and polyester. The use of the md-IAT in this study allowed the assessment of consumers’ automatic associations with cotton and polyester of which they may not be aware.

Locus of Control in Short and Long Sleepers

1986 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Anand Kumar ◽  
A. K. Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Medical Index

Behavioural scientists are currently attempting to correlate individuals' usual duration of sleep with personality traits as well as with personality profiles. Studies using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and Cornell Medical Index have suggested that differences between “short sleepers” and “long sleepers” show up in such traits as self-control, anxiety, extroversion, aggression and ambition (Hartmann et al, 1972; Spinweber & Hartmann, 1976), although Webb & Friel (1970, 1971) found no such differences. Glaubmann & Orbach (1977) observed short sleepers to be efficient, energetic, ambitious, self-content and socially well adjusted.

scholarly journals Alpha Is Not the False Alarm Rate: An Activity to Dispel a Common Statistical Misconception

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Burt Thompson
Keyword(s):  
False Alarm ◽  
False Alarm Rate ◽  
Research Finding ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Prior Probability ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Web App ◽  
New Research

When a psychologist announces a new research finding, it is often based on a rejected null hypothesis. However, if that hypothesis is true, the claim is a false alarm. Many students mistakenly believe that the probability of committing a false alarm equals alpha, the criterion for statistical significance, which is typically set at 5%. Instructors should take specific steps to dispel this belief because it leads students to misinterpret statistical test results and it reinforces the more general misconception that results can be interpreted in isolation, without reference to theory or prior research. In the present study, students worked with a web app that shows how the false alarm rate is a function of the prior probability of an effect, statistical power, and alpha. Quiz scores suggest the activity helps correct the misconception, which can improve how students conduct and interpret research.

scholarly journals Therapeutic efficacy of connective tissue autotransplants with periosteum and platelet rich plasma in the management of gingival recession

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 664-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Jovicic ◽  
Zoran Lazic ◽  
Milica Nedic ◽  
Stevo Matijevic ◽  
Aleksandra Gostovic-Spadijer
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Keratinized Tissue ◽  
Student’S T

Background/Aim. Gingival recession progression in clinical practaice has influenced the development of various surgical procedures and techniques for solving esthetic imperfections and subjective difficulties coused by gingival recession. The aim of this study was to verify efficacy of surgical procedures and to compare both of surgical procedures through the keratinized tissue width. Methods. The study included 20 teeth with gingival recesion, M?ller class I and II. Ten teeth with gingival recession were treated with connective tissue autotransplants with periosteum in combination with coronary guided surgical flap (CTG group). On the contralateral side 10 teeth with gingival recession were treated with the same surgical procedures but in combination with platelet-rich plasma (CTGPRP group). We measured the keratinized tissue width. For statistical significance we used the Student's t-test. Results. The study reveled a statistical significance in reducing vertical deepress of recession by both used treatments. Root deepness in CTG and CTG-PRP group was 90% and 93.5%, respectively. With both surgical techniques we achieved larger zone of keratinized gingiva but with a wide zone of keratinized tissue in CTG - the PRP group. Conclusion. The concept regeneration technique with PRP and with the stimulating influence of platele activated growth factors results in the regeneration of deep periodontal tissue as an important prerequisite for the successful treatment of gingival recession.

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