Effects of spirodiclofen on life history traits and population growth of a spider mite predatorOligota flavicornis(Coleoptera: Staphyllinidae) based on the age-stage two-sex life table theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Lin ◽  
Yong You ◽  
Zhao-Hua Zeng ◽  
Yi-Xin Chen ◽  
Hsin Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Life History Traits

The effects of spiromesifen on life history traits and population growth of two-spotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Marcic ◽  
Irena Ogurlic ◽  
Slavka Mutavdzic ◽  
Pantelija Peric
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

Life history and environmental influences on population dynamics in sockeye salmon

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1198-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Braun ◽  
John D. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Habitat Variables

Understanding linkages among life history traits, the environment, and population dynamics is a central goal in ecology. We compared 15 populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to test general hypotheses for the relative importance of life history traits and environmental conditions in explaining variation in population dynamics. We used life history traits and habitat variables as covariates in mixed-effect Ricker models to evaluate the support for correlates of maximum population growth rates, density dependence, and variability in dynamics among populations. We found dramatic differences in the dynamics of populations that spawn in a small geographical area. These differences among populations were related to variation in habitats but not life history traits. Populations that spawned in deep water had higher and less variable population growth rates, and populations inhabiting streams with larger gravels experienced stronger negative density dependence. These results demonstrate, in these populations, the relative importance of environmental conditions and life histories in explaining population dynamics, which is rarely possible for multiple populations of the same species. Furthermore, they suggest that local habitat variables are important for the assessment of population status, especially when multiple populations with different dynamics are managed as aggregates.

scholarly journals Density Dependence, Evolutionary Optimization, and the Diversification of Avian Life Histories

The Condor ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Ricklefs
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Empirical Modeling ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Evolutionary Response

Abstract Although we have learned much about avian life histories during the 50 years since the seminal publications of David Lack, Alexander Skutch, and Reginald Moreau, we still do not have adequate explanations for some of the basic patterns of variation in life-history traits among birds. In part, this reflects two consequences of the predominance of evolutionary ecology thinking during the past three decades. First, by blurring the distinction between life-history traits and life-table variables, we have tended to divorce life histories from their environmental context, which forms the link between the life history and the life table. Second, by emphasizing constrained evolutionary responses to selective factors, we have set aside alternative explanations for observed correlations among life-history traits and life-table variables. Density-dependent feedback and independent evolutionary response to correlated aspects of the environment also may link traits through different mechanisms. Additionally, in some cases we have failed to evaluate quantitatively ideas that are compelling qualitatively, ignored or explained away relevant empirical data, and neglected logical implications of certain compelling ideas. Comparative analysis of avian life histories shows that species are distributed along a dominant slow-fast axis. Furthermore, among birds, annual reproductive rate and adult mortality are directly proportional to each other, requiring that pre-reproductive survival is approximately constant. This further implies that age at maturity increases dramatically with increasing adult survival rate. The significance of these correlations is obscure, particularly because survival and reproductive rates at each age include the effects of many life-history traits. For example, reproductive rate is determined by clutch size, nesting success, season length, and nest-cycle length, each of which represents the outcome of many different interactions of an individual's life-history traits with its environment. Resolution of the most basic issues raised by patterns of life histories clearly will require innovative empirical, modeling, and experimental approaches. However, the most fundamental change required at this time is a broadening of the evolutionary ecology paradigm to include a variety of alternative mechanisms for generating patterns of life-history variation.

scholarly journals Effects of host plant on life‐history traits in the polyphagous spider mite Tetranychus urticae

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (15) ◽  
pp. 3151-3158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra Marinosci ◽  
Sara Magalhães ◽  
Emilie Macke ◽  
Maria Navajas ◽  
David Carbonell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Life History Traits

Life history consequences of overexploitation to population recovery in Northwest Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
Negative Impacts

Changes to life history traits are often concomitant with prolonged periods of exploitation. In the Northwest Atlantic, 30- to 40-year declines of more than 90% of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) have been associated with significant reductions in age and length at maturity, changes most parsimoniously explained as genetic responses to fishing. Increased survival costs of reproduction associated with earlier maturity, resulting in higher natural mortality and shorter life span, negatively affect population growth rate and rate of recovery. Coupled with lower hatching rate among first-time spawners and smaller size at maturity, a modest reduction in age from 6 to 4 years can reduce annual population growth in Atlantic cod by 25%–30%, based on the output of a stochastic, age-structured life history model. Earlier maturity more than doubles the probability of negative population growth every generation. These results underscore the potential for fishing-induced changes to life history traits alone to generate slow or negligible recovery in marine fishes, exacerbating negative impacts on population growth resulting from ecosystem-level alterations to interspecific competition and predation.

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