scholarly journals Phytochemical characterization and biological properties of two standardized extracts from a non‐psychotropic Cannabis sativa L. cannabidiol ( CBD )‐chemotype

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Muscarà ◽  
Antonella Smeriglio ◽  
Domenico Trombetta ◽  
Giuseppina Mandalari ◽  
Erminia La Camera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Biological Properties

The biology of Canadian weeds. 119. Cannabis sativa L.

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Small ◽  
T. Pocock ◽  
P. B. Cavers
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
North America ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Textile Fibre ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
A Minor

Cannabis sativa has been cultivated for millennia in Eurasia and for centuries in North America, as a source of a textile fibre, oilseed, and intoxicating drugs such as marijuana. Considerable literature is available on the agricultural and biological properties of these basic three cultigens, but relatively little is published on wild-growing plants of the species. Most weedy C. sativa differ from the cultigens in a number of ecological properties, particularly with regard to reproductive biology. The species is the classical example of a “camp follower” that is exceptionally adapted to the habitat conditions around settlements: rich, highly manured, moist soils, and open areas resulting from recent removal or disturbance of the vegetation. In Canada, spontaneous populations have been found in all provinces, but forms that have re-evolved wild adaptations are concentrated along the St. Lawrence and lower Great Lakes. The ruderal plants pose a minor weed problem to agriculture but a major problem to law enforcement, and decades of eradication have exterminated many of the naturalized populations in Canada. With the recent re-authorization of hemp cultivation in Canada, it is inevitable that there will be additional escapes and a reinvigoration of the ruderal phase of the species. Mechanical eradication for 2 or 3 yr is effective at destroying populations, and young plants are easily eliminated by herbicide applications. Key words: Cannabis sativa, hemp, marijuana, marihuana, weed, oilseed

scholarly journals The Transcriptomic Analysis of NSC-34 Motor Neuron-Like Cells Reveals That Cannabigerol Influences Synaptic Pathways: A Comparative Study with Cannabidiol

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnese Gugliandolo ◽  
Serena Silvestro ◽  
Luigi Chiricosta ◽  
Federica Pollastro ◽  
Placido Bramanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Apoptotic Genes ◽  
Dopamine Signaling ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Generation Sequencing

More than 120 cannabinoids were isolated from Cannabis sativa. In particular, Cannabidiol (CBD) and Cannabigerol (CBG) represent the two most studied non-psychoactive cannabinoids. However, CBG is less studied and less data are available on its biological properties and influence on synaptic transmission. On the contrary, CBD is already known to modulate brain excitatory glutamate, inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and dopamine neurotransmission. In this study, using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology, we evaluated how CBG (1 or 5 µM) and CBD (1 or 5 µM) influence the transcriptome of the main neurotransmission pathways in NSC-34 motor neuron-like cells. At first, we evaluated that CBG and CBD were not cytotoxic and decreased the expression of pro-apoptotic genes. CBG and CBD are able to influence the expression of the genes involved in glutamate, GABA and dopamine signaling. Interestingly, the transcriptional changes induced by CBG were similar compared to CBD.

scholarly journals The Effects of Inoculation with Three Glomus Species on Growth and Pb Uptake by Hemp (Cannabis Sativa) in a Pb-Contaminated Soil

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Roya Zalaghi ◽  
Ali-Akbar Safari-Sinegani ◽  
Nasser Aliasgharzad
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Glomus Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
Suitable Index ◽  
Pb Concentration

Increasing levels of hazardous heavy metals, which enter soil and water ecosystems have had a detrimental effect on global living organisms and needs special attention. The effect of inoculation with three Glomus mycorrhizal fungi (G. mosseae, G. etunicatum and G. constrictum) on hemp growth and some biological properties was evaluated in a soil contaminated with different levels of lead (0, 600, 1200 and 1800mg·kg-1 Pb soil) in the form of Pb(NO3)2. The results show that shoot and root dry weights decreased with increasing Pb levels in soil. But Pb concentration in roots and shoots of hemp increased significantly with increasing Pb levels in soil. However the growth of mycorrhizal inoculated hemps was significantly higher than that of non-inoculated hemp. Mycorrhizal inoculation increased the concentration of Pb in the shoot and root of hemp. In this study, both translocation factor (TF) and enrichment factor (EF) were < 1 and decreased with increasing Pb concentration in soil. The TF was higher in non-inoculated hemp than inoculated hemps. It shows the inhibition effect of mycorrhiza in translocation of Pb from root to shoot. The EF of all inoculated hemps (0.18) was significantly greater than non-inoculated hemp (0.17), showing increased uptake of Pb due to inoculation with mycorrhiza. Simple linear regressions show that the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable Pb is more suitable index for evaluating the toxicity effect of soil Pb than the total Pb content.

Elaboration and Validation of HPLC/DAD Method for Quality Control of Products Containing Cannabidiol

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Andonova ◽  
Ervin Ivanov ◽  
Ivanka Pencheva ◽  
Spiro Konstantinov
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Hypnotic Agent

Background: Cannabidiol (CBD) is the main, physiologically active, but psycho-inactive constituent of the glandular hairs of Cannabis sativa. CBD exhibits diverse pharmacological activities and it is used as anticonvulsant, sedative and hypnotic agent. Other biological properties shown by CBD are antipsychotic, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective. Objective: The aim of this study is to develop, validate and apply high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/DAD) method with diode array detection for identification and assay of CBD in food supplements obtained by different types of extraction and purification. Method: HPLC method with isocratic elution using column C18 ODS, 250 x 4.6, 100 A, 5 μm, mobile phase - mixture of acetonitrile and water in ratio 80:20v/v, flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and DAD detection at 220 nm. Results: The method was developed and validated according to European Pharmacopoeia and International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). For the purposes analytical parameters repeatability, linearity, accuracy, LOD, LOQ, specificity and system suitability test were studied. The developed method was successfully applied on a series of food supplements containing CBD. Conclusion: The developed method is of practical importance for determination of purity, identification and assay tests of food supplements containing CBD extract in accordance with EU regulation concerning food authorizations because it is useful for analytical tests for identification, purity determination and assay of products containing CBD extract and could serve as part of the testing process in the pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Investigation of molecular mechanisms of cannabinoids with neuromodulator activity using in silico tools

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Lins da Silva ◽  
Thais Linhares Silva ◽  
Leonardo Luiz Borges
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Protein Data Bank ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Target Identification ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
The Central Nervous System

This work aims to complement the investigations of the molecular mechanisms of cannabinoids and their receptors, elucidating molecular targets that explain the effect of chemical compounds present in Cannabis sativa on central neuromodulation through in silico methods. Cannabis sativa metabolites were collected bibliographically, and the coding of molecules to perform the predictions were obtained from the PubChem website. Bioactivity screening was then performed with SwissADME, ProToxII, PASS, and Molinspiration programs and target search with SuperPred Webserver servers. After target identification, the selected structure was obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) site for molecular docking with the GOLD program. Cannabis sativa metabolites had their physicochemical and biological properties analyzed. The targets for molecular docking were identified and verified for each compound, with their respective structures crystallized in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) molecule was selected because it predicted interaction with the N-arachidonylglycine receptor (PDB ID: 4UUQ). Docking reveals a potential interaction of THCV with the N-arachidonylglycine receptor. Furthermore, the binding structure of this study showed pharmacophoric alignment with the five most potent molecules capable of antagonizing the monoglycerate lipase receptor. TCHV docking showed anchoring of this molecule in the active site of the N-arachidonylglycine receptor due to the activities of this species. Thus, this marker could act as an antagonist of this receptor, behaving as an active metabolite with neuromodulatory activity through a possible alteration of microglial activity in the central nervous system, which may act as a therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative pathologies.

Three Dimensional structure and organization of diploid chromosomes by optical section microscopy

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 633-635
Author(s):  
David A. Agard ◽  
Yasushi Hiraoka ◽  
John W. Sedat
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Three Dimensional Structure ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Dynamic Structures

In an effort to understand the complex relationship between structure and biological function within the nucleus, we have embarked on a program to examine the three-dimensional structure and organization of Drosophila melanogaster embryonic chromosomes. Our overall goal is to determine how DNA and proteins are organized into complex and highly dynamic structures (chromosomes) and how these chromosomes are arranged in three dimensional space within the cell nucleus. Futher, we hope to be able to correlate structual data with such fundamental biological properties as stage in the mitotic cell cycle, developmental state and transcription at specific gene loci.Towards this end, we have been developing methodologies for the three-dimensional analysis of non-crystalline biological specimens using optical and electron microscopy. We feel that the combination of these two complementary techniques allows an unprecedented look at the structural organization of cellular components ranging in size from 100A to 100 microns.

Membrane–cytoskeleton interactions in cholesterol-dependent domain formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer N. Byrum ◽  
William Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Membrane Rafts ◽  
Membrane Domains ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Membrane Cytoskeleton ◽  
Heterogeneous Structures ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Model Cell ◽  
Actomyosin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Dependent Domain

Since the inception of the fluid mosaic model, cell membranes have come to be recognized as heterogeneous structures composed of discrete protein and lipid domains of various dimensions and biological functions. The structural and biological properties of membrane domains are represented by CDM (cholesterol-dependent membrane) domains, frequently referred to as membrane ‘rafts’. Biological functions attributed to CDMs include signal transduction. In T-cells, CDMs function in the regulation of the Src family kinase Lck (p56lck) by sequestering Lck from its activator CD45. Despite evidence of discrete CDM domains with specific functions, the mechanism by which they form and are maintained within a fluid and dynamic lipid bilayer is not completely understood. In the present chapter, we discuss recent advances showing that the actomyosin cytoskeleton has an integral role in the formation of CDM domains. Using Lck as a model, we also discuss recent findings regarding cytoskeleton-dependent CDM domain functions in protein regulation.

Biological properties of myeloma proteins

1975 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Osterland
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Myeloma Proteins

Cannabis und Schizophrenie

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 336-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Seifert ◽  
Jann Schlimme ◽  
Felix Wedegärtner ◽  
Hinderk M. Emrich ◽  
Udo Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Cannabinoid System ◽  
Psychotische Störungen

Überblick: Cannabis sativa ist eine der ältesten medizinischen Heilpflanzen. In den westlichen Kulturen wird Cannabis überwiegend als Freizeitdroge angesehen. Im Harz sowie in den Blüten der weiblichen Pflanze findet sich ein Gemisch aus verschiedenen psychoaktiven Inhaltsstoffen. Am bedeutendsten ist in diesem Zusammenhang das delta-9-Tetrahy-drocannabinol. </P><P> Epidemiologie: Nicht selten werden die Gefahren des Cannabiskonsums, wie z. B. die Möglichkeit der Induktion einer Psychose unterschätzt. Wenn man jedoch berücksichtigt, wie häufig z. B. Jugendliche THC konsumieren, ist die Frage, ob Cannabis eine Psychose aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis de novo induzieren kann, von besonderem gesundheitspolitischem und volkswirtschaftlichem Interesse. Die Datenlage ist allerdings nach wie vor unklar. Die klinisch-epidemiologischen Studien deuten aber darauf hin, dass Cannabiskonsum bei vulnerablen Personen schizophrenieforme Psychosen auslösen kann und einen ungünstigen Krankheitsverlauf zur Folge hat. </P><P> Das endogene Cannabinoid-System: Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt außerdem einen Überblick der Publikationen, die sich mit dem körpereigenen Cannabinoid- System und seinen endogenen Liganden im Hinblick auf psychotische Störungen beschäftigen.

Les chimiotypes du chanvre (Cannabis sativa L.) Intérêt pour un programme de sélection

Agronomie ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 679-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert FOURNIER
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa
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