Planning future studies based on the precision of network meta-analysis results

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 978-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriani Nikolakopoulou ◽  
Dimitris Mavridis ◽  
Georgia Salanti
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Studies

scholarly journals Deep learning for cephalometric landmark detection: systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falk Schwendicke ◽  
Akhilanand Chaurasia ◽  
Lubaina Arsiwala ◽  
Jae-Hong Lee ◽  
Karim Elhennawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Reference Test ◽  
Landmark Detection ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Objectives Deep learning (DL) has been increasingly employed for automated landmark detection, e.g., for cephalometric purposes. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the accuracy and underlying evidence for DL for cephalometric landmark detection on 2-D and 3-D radiographs. Methods Diagnostic accuracy studies published in 2015-2020 in Medline/Embase/IEEE/arXiv and employing DL for cephalometric landmark detection were identified and extracted by two independent reviewers. Random-effects meta-analysis, subgroup, and meta-regression were performed, and study quality was assessed using QUADAS-2. The review was registered (PROSPERO no. 227498). Data From 321 identified records, 19 studies (published 2017–2020), all employing convolutional neural networks, mainly on 2-D lateral radiographs (n=15), using data from publicly available datasets (n=12) and testing the detection of a mean of 30 (SD: 25; range.: 7–93) landmarks, were included. The reference test was established by two experts (n=11), 1 expert (n=4), 3 experts (n=3), and a set of annotators (n=1). Risk of bias was high, and applicability concerns were detected for most studies, mainly regarding the data selection and reference test conduct. Landmark prediction error centered around a 2-mm error threshold (mean; 95% confidence interval: (–0.581; 95 CI: –1.264 to 0.102 mm)). The proportion of landmarks detected within this 2-mm threshold was 0.799 (0.770 to 0.824). Conclusions DL shows relatively high accuracy for detecting landmarks on cephalometric imagery. The overall body of evidence is consistent but suffers from high risk of bias. Demonstrating robustness and generalizability of DL for landmark detection is needed. Clinical significance Existing DL models show consistent and largely high accuracy for automated detection of cephalometric landmarks. The majority of studies so far focused on 2-D imagery; data on 3-D imagery are sparse, but promising. Future studies should focus on demonstrating generalizability, robustness, and clinical usefulness of DL for this objective.

scholarly journals How is Intelligence Test Performance Associated with Creative Achievement? A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Karwowski ◽  
Marta Czerwonka ◽  
Ewa Wiśniewska ◽  
Boris Forthmann
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Creative Achievement ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Everyday Creativity ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores ◽  
Intelligence Scores

This paper presents a meta-analysis of the links between intelligence test scores and creative achievement. A three-level meta-analysis of 117 correlation coefficients from 30 studies has found a correlation of r = .16 (95% CI: .12, .19), closely mirroring previous meta-analytic findings. The estimated effects were stronger for overall creative achievement and achievement in scientific domains than for correlations between intelligence scores and creative achievement in the arts and everyday creativity. No signs of publication bias were found. We discuss theoretical implications and provide recommendations for future studies.

scholarly journals The incidence of left-handedness: a meta-analysis [1993]

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Christopher McManus
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Left Handedness ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Method Of Measurement ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Unpublished Manuscripts

A meta-analysis is reported of 88 studies, examining 100 study populations, in which the handedness of 284665 individuals has been assessed. The overall incidence of left-handedness was 7.78%. The incidence of left-handedness was not related to the method of measurement, or the length or number of response items included in inventories. Study populations with lower response rates and smaller study populations showed some evidence of higher incidences of left-handedness, presumably due to response biasses. There was no evidence that the incidence of left-handedness was related to the year of publication of studies; however the incidence of left-handedness was lower in older subjects and in those from earlier birth cohorts, the two effects not being statistically distinguishable.Information was available from 64 study populations concerning the incidence of left-handedness in males and females; overall 8.52% of males were left-handed compared with 6.69% of females, the male incidence being 27.4% higher than that in females. Although there was some suggestion that the sex difference was greater in larger studies, and in studies whose main purpose was not the study of handedness, these differences were not significant. It is concluded that the size of the sex difference is unrelated to any of the moderator variables we have studied.It was not possible to carry out a meta-analysis of degree of handedness due to wide-spread differences in the method of reporting of degree of handedness.We recommend that future studies of handedness should, as a minimum, use one of three standard methods of assessment, so that comparison of studies is facilitated. Note: This manuscript was originally prepared in 1993 but due to problems at a major journal, described briefly, was never eventually published. It has however been cited on a number of occasions, and has been available at https://www.ucl.ac.uk/medical-education/publications/unpublished-manuscripts/meta-analysis-of-handedness . A major meta-analysis of handedness in 2019 by another author has now been submitted which cites this manuscript, and therefore it needs to be available in a more archivable format.

The effects of general anaesthesia on oxygen consumption: A meta-analysis guiding future studies on perioperative oxygen transport

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Jakobsson ◽  
Sofia Vadman ◽  
Eva Hagel ◽  
Sigridur Kalman ◽  
Erzsébet Bartha
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Studies

scholarly journals Urinary Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prediction of Acute Kidney Allograft Rejection: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Guzzi ◽  
Luigi Cirillo ◽  
Elisa Buti ◽  
Francesca Becherucci ◽  
Carmela Errichiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Allograft Rejection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Urinary Biomarkers ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Kidney Allograft ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Chemokine Ligands ◽  
Kidney Allograft Rejection

Noninvasive tools for diagnosis or prediction of acute kidney allograft rejection have been extensively investigated in recent years. Biochemical and molecular analyses of blood and urine provide a liquid biopsy that could offer new possibilities for rejection prevention, monitoring, and therefore, treatment. Nevertheless, these tools are not yet available for routine use in clinical practice. In this systematic review, MEDLINE was searched for articles assessing urinary biomarkers for diagnosis or prediction of kidney allograft acute rejection published in the last five years (from 1 January 2015 to 31 May 2020). This review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles providing targeted or unbiased urine sample analysis for the diagnosis or prediction of both acute cellular and antibody-mediated kidney allograft rejection were included, analyzed, and graded for methodological quality with a particular focus on study design and diagnostic test accuracy measures. Urinary C-X-C motif chemokine ligands were the most promising and frequently studied biomarkers. The combination of precise diagnostic reference in training sets with accurate validation in real-life cohorts provided the most relevant results and exciting groundwork for future studies.

scholarly journals Religiosity and Generosity: Multi-Level Approaches to Studying the Religiousness of Prosocial Actions

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Snell Herzog ◽  
Amy Strohmeier ◽  
David P. King ◽  
Rafia A. Khader ◽  
Andrew L. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Religiosity And Spirituality ◽  
Level Of Analysis ◽  
The U.S

This paper provides a meta-analysis of the intersection of (a) religiosity and spirituality with (b) generosity, philanthropy, nonprofits, and prosociality. The study is informed by three informational sources, chronologically: (1) informational interviews with scholars and practitioners based within and studying regions outside of the U.S. and Western Europe; (2) discovery search of purposefully selected extant publications, especially focusing on the last decade of contemporary scholarship; and (3) systematic search of relevant peer-reviewed publication outlets since 2010. Reviewed publications are categorized by level of analysis into macro, meso, and micro approaches. Across each level and source, publications are also geo-tagged for their geographic scope. Particular attention is paid to the under-studied world regions of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. The results reveal that Asia is the most studied and Latin America the least studied, and that meso-level approaches are the most common while micro-level are the least common. Additionally, a map of publication counts reveals within-region inequalities by country. Implications of the analysis are drawn for future studies, particularly ways to advance this interdisciplinary field.

scholarly journals Blood pressure, hypertension and the risk of sudden cardiac death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Pan ◽  
Makoto Hibino ◽  
Elsa Kobeissi ◽  
Dagfinn Aune
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hypertension Diagnosis

AbstractCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, while sudden cardiac death (SCD) accounts for over 60% of all cardiovascular deaths. Elevated blood pressure and hypertension have been associated with increased risk of SCD, but the findings have not been consistent. To clarify whether blood pressure or hypertension is associated with increased risk of SCD and to quantify the size and the shape of any association observed. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for published prospective studies on blood pressure or hypertension and SCD up to 30 April 2018. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. The meta-analysis included 2939 SCDs among 418,235 participants from 18 studies. The summary RRs were 2.10 (95% CI 1.71–2.58, I2 = 56.7%, pheterogeneity = 0.018, n = 10) for prevalent hypertension, 1.28 (95% CI 1.19–1.38, I2 = 45.5%, pheterogeneity = 0.07, n = 10) per 20 mmHg increment in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 1.09 (95% CI 0.83–1.44, I2 = 83.4%, pheterogeneity = 0.002, n = 3) per 10 mmHg increment in diastolic blood pressure (DBP). A nonlinear relationship was suggested between SBP and SCD. The results persisted in most subgroup and sensitivity analyses. There was no evidence of publication bias. This meta-analysis found an increased risk of SCD with hypertension diagnosis and increasing SBP. Future studies should clarify the association for DBP and the shape of the dose–response relationship between blood pressure and SCD.

scholarly journals Association between prodynorphin gene polymorphisms and opioid dependence susceptibility: a meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-wang Wang ◽  
Min Ma ◽  
Wei-guang Lu ◽  
Ru-qin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Allelic Model ◽  
Summary Odds Ratio

Abstract Background Prodynorphin (PDYN) gene polymorphisms have been linked with opioid dependence (OD) with conflicting outcomes, the aim of this study is to synthesize the existing evidence of the association between PDYN polymorphisms and OD susceptibility. Methods Four databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Wanfang were retrieved for relevant studies before August, 2018. All identified studies were evaluated using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated to appraise the association. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of seven case-control studies with 3129 cases and 3289 controls were recruited in the meta-analysis. For rs910080, rs1997794, rs1022563, and rs2235749 polymorphisms of PDYN gene, there were six, four, five, and four studies eventually included, respectively. The findings indicated that rs910080 polymorphism was significantly correlated with OD among Asian population under allelic model (A vs. G, OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.04–1.62, P = 0.02, FDR = 0.05) and dominant model (AA+AG vs. GG, OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.04–1.51, P = 0.02, FDR = 0.05). However, rs1022563, rs1997794 and rs2235749 polymorphisms did not appear to associate with OD susceptibility. Conclusions There existed a significant association between rs1022563 polymorphism and OD among Asian population. As the included studies were not adequate to guarantee a robust and convincing conclusion, future studies with larger sample size among more ethnicities are recommended.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of arthroscopically assisted surgery for ankle fractures

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011417S0000
Author(s):  
Sonya Ahmed ◽  
Kyoung min Lee ◽  
Moon Seok Park ◽  
Ki Hyuk Sung ◽  
Seungbum Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Ankle Fractures ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
P Values ◽  
Funnel Plot ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Functional Scores ◽  
Arthroscopically Assisted

Category: Ankle, Arthroscopy, Trauma Introduction/Purpose: This meta-analysis was performed to determine whether the arthroscopically assisted open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for ankle fractures is more beneficial than the conventional ORIF. Methods: Articles in electronic medial databases were searched between March 1983 and August 2016, including Pubmed and SCOPUS. We included the studies with comparative design comparing the surgical outcomes between the arthroscopically assisted ORIF for ankle fractures and the conventional ORIF. Finally, two RCTs and two retrospective comparative studies were included for analysis. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of postoperative functional scores, number of subjects, and P-values were extracted from the studies. In addition, postoperative follow-up period, fracture type, and study quality were collected. Results: The pooled effect size of the four studies 0.535 (95% CI, 0.247 to 0.823) in Hedges’s g, which favored the arthroscopically assisted ORIF over conventional ORIF. There was no evidence of publication bias in funnel plot and in Egger’s test (p=0.534). Conclusion: The arthroscopically assisted ORIF for ankle fractures were more beneficial than the conventional ORIF in the current evidences. However, since it needs more medical cost and longer operation time, possible additional complications and cost effectiveness are to be validated in future studies.

scholarly journals Association between DNA methylation and ADHD symptoms from birth to school age: a prospective meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Neumann ◽  
Esther Walton ◽  
Silvia Alemany ◽  
Charlotte Cecil ◽  
Juan Ramon González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Neurotransmitter Release ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
School Age ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Nominal Significance

AbstractAttention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder with a substantial genetic component. However, the extent to which epigenetic mechanisms play a role in the etiology of the disorder is unknown. We performed epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) within the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) Consortium to identify DNA methylation sites associated with ADHD symptoms at two methylation assessment periods: birth and school age. We examined associations of both DNA methylation in cord blood with repeatedly assessed ADHD symptoms (age 4–15 years) in 2477 children from 5 cohorts and of DNA methylation at school age with concurrent ADHD symptoms (age 7–11 years) in 2374 children from 9 cohorts, with 3 cohorts participating at both timepoints. CpGs identified with nominal significance (p < 0.05) in either of the EWAS were correlated between timepoints (ρ = 0.30), suggesting overlap in associations; however, top signals were very different. At birth, we identified nine CpGs that predicted later ADHD symptoms (p < 1 × 10–7), including ERC2 and CREB5. Peripheral blood DNA methylation at one of these CpGs (cg01271805 in the promoter region of ERC2, which regulates neurotransmitter release) was previously associated with brain methylation. Another (cg25520701) lies within the gene body of CREB5, which previously was associated with neurite outgrowth and an ADHD diagnosis. In contrast, at school age, no CpGs were associated with ADHD with p < 1 × 10−7. In conclusion, we found evidence in this study that DNA methylation at birth is associated with ADHD. Future studies are needed to confirm the utility of methylation variation as biomarker and its involvement in causal pathways.

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