Effect of resistant starch structure on short-chain fatty acids production by human gut microbiota fermentation in vitro

The metabolome and gut microbiota were investigated in a juvenile Göttingen minipig model. This study aimed to explore the metabolic effects of two carbohydrate sources with different degrees of risk in obesity development when associated with a high fat intake. A high-risk (HR) high-fat diet containing 20% fructose was compared to a control lower-risk (LR) high-fat diet where a similar amount of carbohydrate was provided as a mix of digestible and resistant starch from high amylose maize. Both diets were fed ad libitum. Non-targeted metabolomics was used to explore plasma, urine, and feces samples over five months. Plasma and fecal short-chain fatty acids were targeted and quantified. Fecal microbiota was analyzed using genomic sequencing. Data analysis was performed using sparse multi-block partial least squares regression. The LR diet increased concentrations of fecal and plasma total short-chain fatty acids, primarily acetate, and there was a higher relative abundance of microbiota associated with acetate production such as Bacteroidetes and Ruminococcus. A higher proportion of Firmicutes was measured with the HR diet, together with a lower alpha diversity compared to the LR diet. Irrespective of diet, the ad libitum exposure to the high-energy diets was accompanied by well-known biomarkers associated with obesity and diabetes, particularly branched-chain amino acids, keto acids, and other catabolism metabolites.

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Effects of Resistant Starch Type III Polymorphs on Human Colon Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids in Human Gut Models

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf800284d ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (13) ◽

pp. 5415-5421 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Uri Lesmes ◽

Emma J. Beards ◽

Glenn R. Gibson ◽

Kieran M. Tuohy ◽

Eyal Shimoni

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Resistant Starch ◽

Human Colon ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Human Gut ◽

Type Iii ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Isolated Pea Resistant Starch Substrates with Different Structural Features Modulate the Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Metabolism of Microbiota in Anaerobic Fermentation In Vitro

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.jafc.0c08197 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dingting Zhou ◽

Zhen Ma ◽

Xinzhong Hu

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Resistant Starch ◽

Anaerobic Fermentation ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Structural Features ◽

Short Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Evolution of Intestinal Gases and Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids Produced in vitro by Preterm Infant Gut Microbiota During the First 4 Weeks of Life

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2021.726193 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Xuefang Wang ◽

Juan Li ◽

Na Li ◽

Kunyu Guan ◽

Di Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Preterm Infant ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Delivery Mode ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Background: The production of intestinal gases and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by infant gut microbiota may have a significant impact on their health, but information about the composition and volume of intestinal gases and SCFA profiles in preterm infants is scarce.Objective: This study examined the change of the composition and volume of intestinal gases and SCFA profiles produced by preterm infant gut microbiota in vitro during the first 4 weeks of life.Methods: Fecal samples were obtained at five time points (within 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks) from 19 preterm infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University between May and July 2020. These samples were initially inoculated into four different media containing lactose (LAT), fructooligosaccharide (FOS), 2′-fucosyllactose (FL-2), and galactooligosaccharide (GOS) and thereafter fermented for 24 h under conditions mimicking those of the large intestine at 37.8°C under anaerobic conditions. The volume of total intestinal gases and the concentrations of individual carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were measured by a gas analyzer. The concentrations of total SCFAs, individual acetic acid, propanoic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, pentanoic acid, and valeric acid were measured by gas chromatography (GC).Results: The total volume of intestinal gases (ranging from 0.01 to 1.64 ml in medium with LAT; 0–1.42 ml with GOS; 0–0.91 ml with FOS; and 0–0.44 ml with FL-2) and the concentrations of CO2, H2, H2S, and all six fecal SCFAs increased with age (p-trends < 0.05). Among them, CO2 was usually the predominant intestinal gas, and acetic acid was usually the predominant SCFA. When stratified by birth weight (<1,500 and ≥1,500 g), gender, and delivery mode, the concentration of CO2 was more pronounced among infants whose weight was ≥1,500 g than among those whose weight was <1,500 g (p-trends < 0.05).Conclusions: Our findings suggested that the intestinal gases and SCFAs produced by preterm infant gut microbiota in vitro increased with age during the first 4 weeks of life.

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Dynamics of human gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in response to dietary interventions with three fermentable fibers

10.1101/487900 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thomas Mitchell Schmidt ◽

Nielson T Baxter ◽

Clive Waldron ◽

Schmidt W. Alexander ◽

Arvind Venkataraman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Resistant Starch ◽

Corn Starch ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Human Gut ◽

Optimal Health ◽

Butyrate Production ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyrate, in the gut microbiome is required for optimal health but is frequently limited by the lack of fermentable fiber in the diet. We attempted to increase butyrate production by supplementing the diets of 174 healthy young adults for two weeks with resistant starch from potatoes (RPS), resistant starch from maize (RMS), inulin from chicory root, or an accessible corn starch control. RPS resulted in the greatest increase in total SCFAs, including butyrate. Although the majority of microbiomes responded to RPS with increases in the relative abundance of bifidobacteria, those that responded with an increase in Ruminococcus bromii or Clostridium chartatabidum were more likely to yield higher butyrate concentrations, especially when their microbiota were replete with populations of the butyrate-producing species Eubacterium rectale. RMS and inulin induced different changes in fecal communities, but they did not generate significant increases in fecal butyrate levels.

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Effect of nutritionally complete formula on gut microbiota and their metabolite in fecal batch fermentation system

Functional Foods in Health and Disease ◽

10.31989/ffhd.v11i12.841 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 641

Author(s):

Santad Wichienchot ◽

Kridsada Keawyok

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Performance ◽

Lactic Acid Production ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Uremic Toxins ◽

Short Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Background: Emerging evidence has revealed that the gut microbiota is significantly altered, contributing to the occurrence and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, the target of increasing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lactic acid production and reduction of uremic toxins were interested. Objective: To study the effect of the nutritionally complete formula (Synplus) developed for hemodialysis patients on gut microbiota and their metabolite in in vitro fecal fermentation of healthy volunteers.Methods: Fecal fermentation (in vitro) using batch culture in an environment mimicking human large intestine was used to study the change of gut microbiota by next generation sequencing (NGS) during fermentation of the developed formula (Synplus), commercial formula (Nepro®) and control. The gut metabolites were determined including short-chain fatty acids (acetic, propionic, and butyric) and lactic acid. The uremic toxins (p-cresol and indole) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results: The increase of Lactobacillus spp. (53.74%) and Bifidobacterium spp. (29.35%) was observed in the developed product (Synplus) compared with control at 48 hrs fermentation meanwhile, these genera were decreased in a commercial product (Nepro®). Moreover, the abundance of the genus Escherichia spp. (12.33%) was observed in Nepro® fermentation, with Escherichia albertii species which is a newly discovered pathogen of the gastrointestinal tract. Microbial metabolites produced by fecal fermentation of Synplus revealed that propionate, acetate, and butyrate increased significantly (p<0.05). All the samples evaluated exhibited acetate in abundance when compared to other SCFAs. Acetate was the most abundant SCFA in all samples. The concentrations of acetate for Synplus fermentation were 15.63±3.26, 147.29±2.39, 162.28±4.13 and 189.39±0.17 mM at 0, 12, 24, and 48 hrs respectively. Total SCFAs produced from Synplus was significantly increased (p<0.05) and higher than control and Nepro®, respectively. The concentration of p-cresol at 48 hrs fermentation for control, Synplus and Nepro® were 3.79±0.12, 6.31±2.37 and 11.59±0.10 µg/mL, respectively. The indole concentration of control, Synplus and Nepro® were 3.64±0.08, 15.06±3.56 and 12.81±1.68 µg/mL, respectively. There were also indicated that imbalance of gut microbiota was related with the ratio of uremic toxins (indole and p-cresol) to SCFAs.CONCLUSION: The synbiotic product containing prebiotic and probiotic may be used to improve gut microbiota thus reducing the risk of kidney disease.Keywords: synbiotic, gut microbiota, uremic toxins, SCFA, CKD

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Galactooligosaccharides and Resistant Starch Altered Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in an in vitro Fermentation Study Using Gut Contents of Mud Crab (Scylla paramamosain)

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2020.01352 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Ngoc Tuan Tran ◽

Yong Tang ◽

Zhongzhen Li ◽

Ming Zhang ◽

Xiaobo Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Resistant Starch ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Gut Contents ◽

Scylla Paramamosain ◽

Mud Crab ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Lactobacillus strains derived from human gut ameliorate metabolic disorders via modulation of gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids metabolism

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2020.0148 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

G. Wang ◽

G. Zhu ◽

C. Chen ◽

Y. Zheng ◽

F. Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Human Gut ◽

Fatty Acids Metabolism ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Regulation on gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are believed to be a pathway to suppress the development of metabolic syndrome. In this study, three Lactobacillus strains derived from the human gut were investigated for their effects on alleviation of metabolic disorders. These strains were individually administered to metabolic disorder rats induced by high-fat-high-sucrose (HFHS) diet. Each strain exhibited its own characteristics in attenuating the impaired glucose-insulin homeostasis, hepatic oxidative damage and steatosis. Correlation analysis between SCFAs and host metabolic parameters suggested that Lactobacillus protective effects on metabolic disorders are partly mediated by recovery of SCFAs production, especially the faecal acetic acid. Correspondingly, it indicated that probiotics restore the gut microbiota dysbiosis in different extent, thereby protect against metabolic disorders in a manner that is associated with microbiota, but not totally reverse the changed composition of microbiota to the normal state. Thus, Lactobacillus strains partly protect against diet-induced metabolic syndrome by microbiota modulation and acetate elevation.

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