Effects of Resistant Starch Type III Polymorphs on Human Colon Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids in Human Gut Models

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (13) ◽  
pp. 5415-5421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uri Lesmes ◽  
Emma J. Beards ◽  
Glenn R. Gibson ◽  
Kieran M. Tuohy ◽  
Eyal Shimoni
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Differential effects of short-chain fatty acids and iron on expression of iha in Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (11) ◽  
pp. 3554-3563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Herold ◽  
James C. Paton ◽  
Potjanee Srimanote ◽  
Adrienne W. Paton
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Iron Chelator ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Total Concentrations ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) colonizing the bowel are exposed to a variety of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate and butyrate, produced by gut microflora. However, the total concentrations and relative amounts of SCFAs in the lumen vary with intestinal niche. Here we report that conditions simulating SCFA concentrations present in the human gut trigger expression of the iha gene, which encodes an adherence-conferring outer-membrane protein of pathogenic E. coli. We show that growth under conditions simulating colonic, but not ileal, SCFA concentrations increases iha expression in three tested STEC strains, with the strongest expression detected in LEE-negative STEC O113:H21 strain 98NK2. Expression of iha is known to be subject to Fur-mediated iron repression in O157:H7 STEC, and the same occurs in 98NK2. However, exogenous iron did not repress iha expression in the presence of colonic SCFAs in either 98NK2 or the O157:H7 strain EDL933. Moreover, exposure to the iron chelator 2,2′-dipyridyl caused no further enhancement of iha expression over that induced by colonic SCFAs. These findings indicate that SCFAs regulate iha expression in STEC independently of iron. Increased expression of iha under colonic but not ileal SCFA conditions possibly may contribute to preferential colonization of the human colon by STEC.

scholarly journals Dynamics of human gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in response to dietary interventions with three fermentable fibers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mitchell Schmidt ◽  
Nielson T Baxter ◽  
Clive Waldron ◽  
Schmidt W. Alexander ◽  
Arvind Venkataraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Butyrate Production ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyrate, in the gut microbiome is required for optimal health but is frequently limited by the lack of fermentable fiber in the diet. We attempted to increase butyrate production by supplementing the diets of 174 healthy young adults for two weeks with resistant starch from potatoes (RPS), resistant starch from maize (RMS), inulin from chicory root, or an accessible corn starch control. RPS resulted in the greatest increase in total SCFAs, including butyrate. Although the majority of microbiomes responded to RPS with increases in the relative abundance of bifidobacteria, those that responded with an increase in Ruminococcus bromii or Clostridium chartatabidum were more likely to yield higher butyrate concentrations, especially when their microbiota were replete with populations of the butyrate-producing species Eubacterium rectale. RMS and inulin induced different changes in fecal communities, but they did not generate significant increases in fecal butyrate levels.

Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Human Colonic Function: Roles of Resistant Starch and Nonstarch Polysaccharides

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 1031-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Topping ◽  
Peter M. Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Electrolyte Uptake ◽  
Colonic Blood Flow ◽  
Nonstarch Polysaccharides ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Resistant starch (RS) is starch and products of its small intestinal digestion that enter the large bowel. It occurs for various reasons including chemical structure, cooking of food, chemical modification, and food mastication. Human colonic bacteria ferment RS and nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP; major components of dietary fiber) to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), mainly acetate, propionate, and butyrate. SCFA stimulate colonic blood flow and fluid and electrolyte uptake. Butyrate is a preferred substrate for colonocytes and appears to promote a normal phenotype in these cells. Fermentation of some RS types favors butyrate production. Measurement of colonic fermentation in humans is difficult, and indirect measures (e.g., fecal samples) or animal models have been used. Of the latter, rodents appear to be of limited value, and pigs or dogs are preferable. RS is less effective than NSP in stool bulking, but epidemiological data suggest that it is more protective against colorectal cancer, possibly via butyrate. RS is a prebiotic, but knowledge of its other interactions with the microflora is limited. The contribution of RS to fermentation and colonic physiology seems to be greater than that of NSP. However, the lack of a generally accepted analytical procedure that accommodates the major influences on RS means this is yet to be established.

Resistant Starch, Fermented Resistant Starch, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Reduce Intestinal Fat Deposition in Caenorhabditis elegans

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 4744-4748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolene Zheng ◽  
Fred Enright ◽  
Michael Keenan ◽  
John Finley ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Short chain fatty acids in the human colon.

Gut ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 763-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Obesity-Related Metabolome and Gut Microbiota Profiles of Juvenile Göttingen Minipigs—Long-Term Intake of Fructose and Resistant Starch

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Mihai V. Curtasu ◽  
Valeria Tafintseva ◽  
Zachary A. Bendiks ◽  
Maria L. Marco ◽  
Achim Kohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The metabolome and gut microbiota were investigated in a juvenile Göttingen minipig model. This study aimed to explore the metabolic effects of two carbohydrate sources with different degrees of risk in obesity development when associated with a high fat intake. A high-risk (HR) high-fat diet containing 20% fructose was compared to a control lower-risk (LR) high-fat diet where a similar amount of carbohydrate was provided as a mix of digestible and resistant starch from high amylose maize. Both diets were fed ad libitum. Non-targeted metabolomics was used to explore plasma, urine, and feces samples over five months. Plasma and fecal short-chain fatty acids were targeted and quantified. Fecal microbiota was analyzed using genomic sequencing. Data analysis was performed using sparse multi-block partial least squares regression. The LR diet increased concentrations of fecal and plasma total short-chain fatty acids, primarily acetate, and there was a higher relative abundance of microbiota associated with acetate production such as Bacteroidetes and Ruminococcus. A higher proportion of Firmicutes was measured with the HR diet, together with a lower alpha diversity compared to the LR diet. Irrespective of diet, the ad libitum exposure to the high-energy diets was accompanied by well-known biomarkers associated with obesity and diabetes, particularly branched-chain amino acids, keto acids, and other catabolism metabolites.

scholarly journals Effects of Arabinoxylan and Resistant Starch on Intestinal Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomised Crossover Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e0159223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stine Hald ◽  
Anne Grethe Schioldan ◽  
Mary E. Moore ◽  
Anders Dige ◽  
Helle Nygaard Lærke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids
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