scholarly journals Prevalence, aetiology and risk factors of mastitis of dairy cows kept under extensive management system in west Wollega, western Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gutu Kitila ◽  
Bedaso Kebede ◽  
Moti Wakgari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Management System ◽  
Extensive Management

Selection, intake and excretion of nutrients by Scottish Highland suckler beef cows and calves, and Brown Swiss dairy cows in contrasting Alpine grazing systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. BERRY ◽  
P. L. JEWELL ◽  
F. SUTTER ◽  
P. J. EDWARDS ◽  
M. KREUZER
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Management System ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Indicator Method ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Extensive Management ◽  
Nutritive Quality

Nutrient intake, digestibility and live-weight changes were compared for groups of grazing cattle on two Swiss Alpine pastures in different regions (R1 and R2; both >1500 m above sea level) during 2 years (1997 and 1998). The R1 site was an improved pasture, while R2 was an unimproved pasture of poor nutritional quality. Replicated over 2 years, R1 groups comprised four Scottish Highland suckler cows together with their calves and four Brown Swiss dairy cows (17·8 kg/day milk) kept at high stocking rates (approx. 7 cows/ha) in short rotations (intensive management system). R2 groups comprised four Highland cows with calves managed at low density (approx. 0·4 cows/ha) and set-stocked (extensive management system). Grazing seasons lasted 77 days at R1 and 127 days at R2. Intake, digestibility and faecal excretion were estimated by the slow-release alkane indicator method. Average dry matter intakes in kg/day and g/kg W0·75/day (in parentheses) were 17·4 (151) for dairy cows at R1 and, significantly lower, 12·7 (133) and 11·1 (111) for beef cows at R1 and R2, respectively. Herbage dry-matter intake of calves was 1·2 kg/day at both locations. Calf weight gains measured over 77 days (0·69 kg/day) were similar at the two sites and thereafter declined only slightly at R2. The N content of the herbage selected was similar in the two regions, but in other respects the herbage at R2 was of significantly poorer nutritive quality as indicated by the lower digestibility of organic matter and neutral detergent fibre at R2 compared with R1. Through feed selection, nutrient intake by beef cows was sufficient to gain weight. In contrast, dairy cows at R1 lost on average more than 50 kg of weight. Calculations were made and discussed regarding N utilization and urinary N loss, and measured faecal N and mineral excretion to allow a quantitative assessment of nutrient returns to the sward. We conclude that Highland beef cattle make poorer use of improved Alpine pasture than dairy cows though they utilize pastures of poor nutritive quality under extensive management without loss of productivity.

Serum Metabolic Markers Pre and Postpartum in Holstein Cows According to the Mastitis Occurrence

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Schwegler ◽  
Augusto Schneider ◽  
Ana Rita Tavares Krause ◽  
Paula Montagner ◽  
Eduardo Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Extensive Management ◽  
Early Postpartum

 Background: Bovine mastitis causes major economic losses for milk producers by reducing the quantity and the quality of the milk or even leading to the complete loss of the mammary gland secretory capacity. During the transition period, dairy cows are susceptible to infectious diseases; therefore, markers that allow early identification of cows in higher risk of developing diseases are especially useful at this time. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate serum markers in the pre and postpartum of multiparous dairy cows with clinical mastitis and with health condition in the postpartum period in a semi-extensive management system.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty-Six Holstein cows were monitored daily during milking until 59 days postpartum and were categorized according to the pre-milking strip cup test into clinical mastitis (mastitis group (MG)) and absence of symptoms (control group (CG)) that were negative to the test, representing the health cows. All cows were reared as one group and maintained in a semi-extensive pasture-based system. Blood samples were collected weekly after morning milking via venipuncture of the coccinea vein into tubes without anticoagulant and grouped for prepartum (-21 to 0 days from calving), early postpartum (0 to 30 days from calving), and late postpartum (30 to 59 days from calving) periods. Milk production was recorded daily. The serum markers albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), phosphorus, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS®. The cases of clinical mastitis occurred on average at 37.2 ± 4.9 days postpartum. Health cows (CG) had higher milk production compared to the mastitis group (MG) only in the late postpartum period (P < 0.05). There was no difference among groups for albumin and NEFA concentrations in all periods evaluated (P > 0.05). In the early postpartum period the AST activity was higher in CG than in MG (P = 0.02). The GGT enzyme tended to be more concentrated in the CG than in the MG during the early (P = 0.06) and late (P = 0.08) postpartum periods. Late postpartum phosphorus concentration was lower for MG than CG (P = 0.04). In the prepartum and early postpartum periods, there was no difference among groups for phosphorus concentration (P > 0.05).Discussion: A decrease in milk production in MG compared to CG observed in late postpartum period was due to the inci­dence of mastitis observed around 37 days postpartum. Cows that presented clinical mastitis in the postpartum period did not differ in the blood concentration of NEFA in the prepartum period. In the late postpartum period higher concentration of phosphorus was observed in the CG than in MG, indicating that animals affected by mastitis may be in the weakest energy status. Regarding liver health, the concentration of AST was higher in the recent postpartum period for CG, in disagree­ment with previous studies that related AST to tissue injury caused by mastitis. The GGT enzyme tended to had higher concentrations in CG than MG during the whole postpartum period and may be related to increased hepatic metabolism due to higher production. There were no changes in albumin levels among healthy and mastitis cows, indicating that this marker can not be used to predict clinical mastitis. There were no metabolic alterations in the prepartum period related to the occurrence of postpartum mastitis in multiparous cows in a semi-extensive management system.Keywords: AST, dairy cows, NEFA.

Impact of extensive management system on soil properties and carbon sequestration under an age chronosequence of Moso bamboo plantations in subtropical China

2021 ◽  
Vol 497 ◽  
pp. 119535
Author(s):  
Chuanbao Yang ◽  
Anke Wang ◽  
Zhenxian Zhu ◽  
Shangping Lin ◽  
Yufang Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management System ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Subtropical China ◽  
Extensive Management

A descriptive review of the prevalence and risk factors of hock lesions in dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kester ◽  
M. Holzhauer ◽  
K. Frankena
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows

scholarly journals Risk factors relating to helminth infections in cows during the peripartum

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenevaldo Barbosa da Silva ◽  
Charles Passos Rangel ◽  
Bruna de Azevedo Baêta ◽  
Adivaldo Henrique da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Peripartum Period ◽  
Spearman Test ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this study was to investigate whether season, lactation number, breed standard and milk production were risk factors relating to occurrences of gastrointestinal nematodes in dairy cows during the peripartum period. Eighty-four cows were randomly selected through proportional stratified sampling. In order to analyze the fecal egg per gram (EPG) count, the data were subjected to the Spearman test, Kruskal-Wallis test at 5% significance and linear regression. At the time of calving, the cows showed high EPG counts in relation to all variables analyzed. Among the animals studied, we observed that purebred Holstein cows at their first lactation and with high milk production showed high EPG counts (600) and comprised the group most at risk within the herd studied. In this group, the animals showed moderate EPG during the prepartum period (300) and a significant increase (p < 0.01) in EPG count from the time of calving (900), i.e. an increase of the order of 300%. Selection of animals for milk production in tropical countries should be based not only on productive potential, but also on adaptive features.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of mastitis in dairy cows

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Rahman ◽  
MMU Bhuiyan ◽  
MM Kamal ◽  
M Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Control Programmes

Identification of risk factors is important for the design of control programmes for mastitis in cows. Information about farms and management was collected at a farm visit. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed to assess sub-clinical mastitis, and cows, udder and milk were examined for clinical mastitis. A total of 347 lactating cows from 83 farms in the dry season (November - February) and 388 lactating cows from 89 farms in the wet season (June - October) were studied. The overall prevalence of mastitis was 19.9% and 44.8% in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The prevalence of mild mastitis was 17.3% and 40.7%, whereas that of moderate mastitis was 2.6% and 4.1% in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The prevalence of mastitis was higher (P<0.01) in wet than in dry season. On average, 18.7% quarters had mastitis during the wet season and 6.9% in the dry season. In the dry and wet seasons, respectively, 63.9% and 11.2% had completely dry floors, and the prevalence of mastitis was 22.6% and 30.0%. On the other hand, 88.8% and 36.1% of 83 farms had partly or completely wet and soiled floor and the prevalence of mastitis was 40.0% and 59.5% in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Udder cleanliness, milk yield and peri-parturient diseases significantly (P<0.01) increased the risk of mastitis. The prevalence of mastitis is regarded as quite high. Dry and clean floor to keep cow's udder and teat clean would help control mastitis in the dairy farms of Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/bvet.v26i2.4951 Bangl. vet. 2009. Vol. 26, No. 2, 54-60

scholarly journals Risk management system in the enterprises of agrarian sphere

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
V. G. Zakrzewski ◽  
O. G. Charykova ◽  
Yu. Yu. Golubyatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Management System ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Agrarian Sector ◽  
Risk Management System ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Definition Of

The article deals with risk management systems at enterprises of the agrarian sector, which represents an organization of economic activity, the purpose of which is to minimize losses and find sources of income. The research organization of the risk management system in the enterprises of agrarian sphere great attention should be paid to the integration of their specific activities. The process of risk management in enterprises consists of the following phases: definition of objectives and parameters for solving the problem of risk; identification of external and internal risk factors; identification of risk factors, risk identification; risk analysis; risk assessment; development and implementation of risk management measures; synthesis of the results of measures taken and preparing proposals. In addition, the risk management system is submitted to us through the introduction of a passport of risk, to enable the formulation and adjustment of economic activity at any stage of its implementation. Under the risk passport of the economic risk refers to a collection of information about risk, risk criteria, as well as guidance on the application of the necessary methods to manage or mitigate the risks. As well as the information in the article was considered in the context of a risk management system. 

scholarly journals Retrospective study on the outcomes and risk factors of right paramedian abomasopexy for right abomasal disorders in 47 dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 1521-1525
Author(s):  
Kenji TSUKANO ◽  
Yasunobu NISHI ◽  
Naoki SASAKI ◽  
Kazuyuki SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Dairy Cows

Risk factors influencing lameness and claw disorders in dairy cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Bielfeldt ◽  
R. Badertscher ◽  
K.-H. Tölle ◽  
J. Krieter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Factors Influencing
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document