Efficient Spectral Coefficient Calculation Using Circuit Output Probabilities

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Thornton ◽  
V.S.S. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Coefficient ◽  
Circuit Output

scholarly journals How transcription circuits explore alternative architectures while maintaining overall circuit output

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (14) ◽  
pp. 1397-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiraj K. Dalal ◽  
Alexander D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Circuit Output

Inconsistency correction of multi-channels digital to analog conversion circuit output in infrared detector simulator

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 51023
Author(s):  
张冬阳 Zhang Dongyang ◽  
张建奇 Zhang Jianqi ◽  
何国经 He Guojing ◽  
袁卫 Yuan Wei
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Detector ◽  
Digital To Analog ◽  
Circuit Output

scholarly journals Differences in chloride gradients allow for three distinct types of synaptic modulation by endocannabinoids

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqing Wang ◽  
Brian D. Burrell
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Inhibitory Synapses ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Synaptic Modulation ◽  
Hirudo Verbana ◽  
Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Circuit Output

Endocannabinoids can elicit persistent depression of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, reducing or enhancing (disinhibiting) neural circuit output, respectively. In this study, we examined whether differences in Cl−gradients can regulate which synapses undergo endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic depression vs. disinhibition using the well-characterized central nervous system (CNS) of the medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana. Exogenous application of endocannabinoids or capsaicin elicits potentiation of pressure (P) cell synapses and depression of both polymodal (Npoly) and mechanical (Nmech) nociceptive synapses. In P synapses, blocking Cl−export prevented endocannabinoid-mediated potentiation, consistent with a disinhibition process that has been indicated by previous experiments. In Nmechneurons, which are depolarized by GABA due to an elevated Cl−equilibrium potentials (ECl), endocannabinoid-mediated depression was prevented by blocking Cl−import, indicating that this decrease in synaptic signaling was due to depression of excitatory GABAergic input (disexcitation). Npolyneurons are also depolarized by GABA, but endocannabinoids elicit depression in these synapses directly and were only weakly affected by disruption of Cl−import. Consequently, the primary role of elevated EClmay be to protect Npolysynapses from disinhibition. All forms of endocannabinoid-mediated plasticity required activation of transient potential receptor vanilloid (TRPV) channels. Endocannabinoid/TRPV-dependent synaptic plasticity could also be elicited by distinct patterns of afferent stimulation with low-frequency stimulation (LFS) eliciting endocannabinoid-mediated depression of Npolysynapses and high-frequency stimulus (HFS) eliciting endocannabinoid-mediated potentiation of P synapses and depression of Nmechsynapses. These findings demonstrate a critical role of differences in Cl−gradients between neurons in determining the sign, potentiation vs. depression, of synaptic modulation under normal physiological conditions.

Serotonin Transduction Cascades Mediate Variable Changes in Pyloric Network Cycle Frequency in Response to the Same Modulatory Challenge

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 2844-2863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Spitzer ◽  
Gennady Cymbalyuk ◽  
Hongmei Zhang ◽  
Donald H. Edwards ◽  
Deborah J. Baro
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Cycle Frequency ◽  
Panulirus Interruptus ◽  
Response System ◽  
Pyloric Network ◽  
Bath Application ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Circuit Output ◽  
Sustained Increase

A fundamental question in systems biology addresses the issue of how flexibility is built into modulatory networks such that they can produce context-dependent responses. Here we examine flexibility in the serotonin (5-HT) response system that modulates the cycle frequency (cf) of a rhythmic motor output. We found that depending on the preparation, the same 5-min bath application of 5-HT to the pyloric network of the California spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus, could produce a significant increase, decrease, or no change in steady-state cf relative to baseline. Interestingly, the mean circuit output was not significantly different among preparations prior to 5-HT application. We developed pharmacological tools to examine the preparation-to-preparation variability in the components of the 5-HT response system. We found that the 5-HT response system consisted of at least three separable components: a 5-HT2βPan-like component mediated a rapid decrease followed by a sustained increase in cf; a 5-HT1αPan-like component produced a small and usually gradual increase in cf; at least one other component associated with an unknown receptor mediated a sustained decrease in cf. The magnitude of the change in cf produced by each component was highly variable, so that when summed they could produce either a net increase, decrease, or no change in cf depending on the preparation. Overall, our research demonstrates that the balance of opposing components of the 5-HT response system determines the direction and magnitude of 5-HT–induced change in steady-state cf relative to baseline.

scholarly journals A Green Triboelectric Nano-Generator Composite of Degradable Cellulose, Piezoelectric Polymers of PVDF/PA6, and Nanoparticles of BaTiO3

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuangzhi Sun ◽  
Lu Yang ◽  
Sicheng Liu ◽  
Jintao Zhao ◽  
Zhiwei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Regenerated Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Membrane ◽  
Output Current ◽  
Pure Cellulose ◽  
Circuit Output ◽  
Peak Value

In this paper, a kind of green triboelectric nano-generator based on natural degradable cellulose is proposed. Different kinds of regenerated cellulose composite layers are prepared by a blending doping method, and then assembled with poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) thin films to form tribioelectric nanogenerator (TENG). The results show that the open circuit output voltage and the short circuit output current using a pure cellulose membrane is 7.925 V and 1.095 μA. After adding a certain amount of polyamide (PA6)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/barium titanate (BaTiO3), the open circuit output voltage peak and the peak short circuit output current increases by 254.43% (to 20.155 V) and 548.04% (to 6.001 μA). The surface morphology, elemental composition and functional group of different cellulose layers are characterized by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and tested by the electrochemical analyze. Moreover, after multiple assembly and rectification processing, the electrical output performance shows that the peak value of open-circuit output voltage and the peak value of short circuit output current increases by 132.06% and 116.13%. Within 500 s of the charge-discharge test, the single peak charge reached 3.114 V, and the two peak charges reached 3.840 V. The results demonstrate that the nano-generator based on cellulose showed good stability and reliability, and the application and development of natural biomaterials represented by cellulose are greatly promoted in miniature electronic sensing area.

Design of Conductive MWNTs/SiO2 Humidity Sensor Interface ASIC Based on AC Signals

2013 ◽  
Vol 562-565 ◽  
pp. 344-349
Author(s):  
Tuo Li ◽  
Xiao Wei Liu ◽  
Liang Yin ◽  
Chang Chun Dong
Keyword(s):  
Humidity Sensor ◽  
Work Group ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Humidity Sensing ◽  
Interface Circuit ◽  
Testing Frequency ◽  
Zero Offset ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Circuit Output

Previous research on MWNTs/SiO2 humidity sensing film by our work group has proved that MWNTs sensor has a different response mechanism to humidity at AC testing signals and shows greater testing stability and higher sensitivity, compared with traditional DC signal measurement. An interface circuit for conductive MWNTs/SiO2 humidity sensor is designed in this paper for humidity detection and prospection in miniaturization and integration. It aims at detecting the sensor’s humidity sensitive conductance signal at AC testing signals, and inhibiting the interference of capacitance signals. The ASIC demodulates the two signals by their phase difference and outputs a direct voltage proportional to conductance. The layout for ASIC is drawn by standard 0.5um P2M2 CMOS process and has a total area of 4*2mm2. In circuit level simulation by HSPICE which introduces practical data of the sensor’s humidity sensing characteristics, the relation of circuit output to conductance turns out to have great linearity at no more than 300 kHz and zero offset can be neglected at less than 100 kHz frequency. It is feasible to select proper testing frequency for high sensitivity and stability and make further investigations on the sensor’s frequency property.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document