The Drosophila melanogaster lipase homologs: a gene family with tissue and developmental specific expression 1 1Edited by M. Yaniv

Abstract Background Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are protein kinases regulating important cellular processes such as cell cycle and transcription. Many CDK genes also play a critical role during adipogenic differentiation, but the role of CDK gene family in regulating bovine adipocyte differentiation has not been studied. Therefore, the present study aims to characterize the CDK gene family in bovine and study their expression pattern during adipocyte differentiation. Results We performed a genome-wide analysis and identified a number of CDK genes in several bovine species. The CDK genes were classified into 8 subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis. We found that 25 bovine CDK genes were distributed in 16 different chromosomes. Collinearity analysis revealed that the CDK gene family in Bos taurus is homologous with Bos indicus, Hybrid-Bos taurus, Hybrid Bos indicus, Bos grunniens and Bubalus bubalis. Several CDK genes had higher expression levels in preadipocytes than in differentiated adipocytes, as shown by RNA-seq analysis and qPCR, suggesting a role in the growth of emerging lipid droplets. Conclusion In this research, 185 CDK genes were identified and grouped into eight distinct clades in Bovidae, showing extensively homology. Global expression analysis of different bovine tissues and specific expression analysis during adipocytes differentiation revealed CDK4, CDK7, CDK8, CDK9 and CDK14 may be involved in bovine adipocyte differentiation. The results provide a basis for further study to determine the roles of CDK gene family in regulating adipocyte differentiation, which is beneficial for beef quality improvement.

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Expression of a gene duplication encoding conserved sperm tail proteins is translationally regulated in Drosophila melanogaster.

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.13.3.1708 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1708-1718 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

M Schäfer ◽

D Börsch ◽

A Hülster ◽

U Schäfer

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Gene Family ◽

Translational Control ◽

Germ Line ◽

Gene Families ◽

Homologous Gene ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Sperm Tail ◽

Repetitive Motif ◽

Carboxy Terminal

We have analyzed a locus of Drosophila melanogaster located at 98C on chromosome 3, which contains two tandemly arranged genes, named Mst98Ca and Mst98Cb. They are two additional members of the Mst(3)CGP gene family by three criteria. (i) Both genes are exclusively transcribed in the male germ line. (ii) Both transcripts encode a protein with a high proportion of the repetitive motif Cys-Gly-Pro. (iii) Their expression is translationally controlled; while transcripts can be detected in diploid stages of spermatogenesis, association with polysomes can be shown only in haploid stages of sperm development. The genes differ markedly from the other members of the gene family in structure; they do not contain introns, they are of much larger size, and they have the Cys-Gly-Pro motifs clustered at the carboxy-terminal end of the encoded proteins. An antibody generated against the Mst98Ca protein recognizes both Mst98C proteins in D. melanogaster. In a male-sterile mutation in which spermiogenesis is blocked before individualization of sperm, both of these proteins are no longer synthesized. This finding provides proof of late translation for the Mst98C proteins and thereby independent proof of translational control of expression. Northern (RNA) and Western immunoblot analyses indicate the presence of homologous gene families in many other Drosophila species. The Mst98C proteins share sequence homology with proteins of the outer dense fibers in mammalian spermatozoa and can be localized to the sperm tail by immunofluorescence with an anti-Mst98Ca antibody.

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The glutathione S-transferase D genes. A divergently organized, intronless gene family in Drosophila melanogaster

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)98410-3 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 268 (13) ◽

pp. 9737-9746

Author(s):

Y.P. Toung ◽

T.S. Hsieh ◽

C.P. Tu

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Gene Family ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Intronless Gene

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Reciprocal recombination and the evolution of the ribosomal gene family of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/122.3.617 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 122 (3) ◽

pp. 617-624 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S M Williams ◽

J A Kennison ◽

L G Robbins ◽

C Strobeck

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Gene Family ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Ribosomal Gene ◽

Gene Region ◽

Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽

Reciprocal Recombination ◽

Y Chromosomes ◽

Length Polymorphisms

Abstract The role of reciprocal recombination in the coevolution of the ribosomal RNA gene family on the X and Y chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster was assessed by determining the frequency and nature of such exchange. In order to detect exchange events within the ribosomal RNA gene family, both flanking markers and restriction fragment length polymorphisms within the tandemly repeated gene family were used. The vast majority of crossovers between flanking markers were within the ribosomal RNA gene region, indicating that this region is a hotspot for heterochromatic recombination. The frequency of crossovers within the ribosomal RNA gene region was approximately 10(-4) in both X/X and X/Y individuals. In conjunction with published X chromosome-specific and Y chromosome-specific sequences and restriction patterns, the data indicate that reciprocal recombination alone cannot be responsible for the observed variation in natural populations.

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Structure of the insect head as revealed by the EN protein pattern in developing embryos

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.122.11.3419 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 122 (11) ◽

pp. 3419-3432 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B.T. Rogers ◽

T.C. Kaufman

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Pattern Formation ◽

Protein Pattern ◽

Related Protein ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Tissue Specific Expression ◽

Single Segment ◽

Dorsal Ridge ◽

Insect Embryos ◽

Comparative Embryology

The structure of the insect head has long been a topic of enjoyable yet endless debate among entomologists. More recently geneticists and molecular biologists trying to better understand the structure of the head of the Dipteran Drosophila melanogaster have joined the discourse extrapolating from what they have learned about Drosophila to insects in general. Here we present the results of an investigation into the structure of the insect head as revealed by the distribution of engrailed related protein (Engrailed) in the insect orders Diptera, Siphonaptera, Orthoptera and Hemiptera. The results of this comparative embryology in conjunction with genetic experiments on Drosophila melanogaster lead us to conclude: (1) The insect head is composed of six Engrailed accumulating segments, four postoral and two preoral. The potential seventh and eighth segments (clypeus or labrum) do not accumulate Engrailed. (2) The structure known as the dorsal ridge is not specific to the Diptera but is homologous to structures found in other insect orders. (3) A part of this structure is a single segment-like entity composed of labial and maxillary segment derivatives which produce the most anterior cuticle capable of taking a dorsal fate. The segments anterior to the maxillary segment produce only ventral structures. (4) As in Drosophila, the process of segmentation of the insect head is fundamentally different from the process of segmentation in the trunk. (5) The pattern of Engrailed accumulation and its presumed role in the specification and development of head segments appears to be highly conserved while its role in other pattern formation events and tissue-specific expression is variable. An overview of the pattern of Engrailed accumulation in developing insect embryos provides a basis for discussion of the generality of the parasegment and the evolution of Engrailed patterns.

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Highly Tissue Specific Expression of Sphinx Supports Its Male Courtship Related Role in Drosophila melanogaster

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0018853 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. e18853 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Ying Chen ◽

Hongzheng Dai ◽

Sidi Chen ◽

Luoying Zhang ◽

Manyuan Long

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Male Courtship ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Tissue Specific ◽

Tissue Specific Expression

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The soybean sucrose binding protein gene family: genomic organization, gene copy number and tissue-specific expression of the SBP2 promoter

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/erg301 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 54 (393) ◽

pp. 2643-2653 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

L. A. S. Contim

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Copy Number ◽

Genomic Organization ◽

Protein Gene ◽

Gene Copy Number ◽

Gene Copy ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Tissue Specific ◽

Tissue Specific Expression ◽

Binding Protein Gene

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Expression of a gene duplication encoding conserved sperm tail proteins is translationally regulated in Drosophila melanogaster

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.13.3.1708-1718.1993 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1708-1718

Author(s):

M Schäfer ◽

D Börsch ◽

A Hülster ◽

U Schäfer

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Gene Family ◽

Translational Control ◽

Germ Line ◽

Gene Families ◽

Homologous Gene ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Sperm Tail ◽

Repetitive Motif ◽

Carboxy Terminal

We have analyzed a locus of Drosophila melanogaster located at 98C on chromosome 3, which contains two tandemly arranged genes, named Mst98Ca and Mst98Cb. They are two additional members of the Mst(3)CGP gene family by three criteria. (i) Both genes are exclusively transcribed in the male germ line. (ii) Both transcripts encode a protein with a high proportion of the repetitive motif Cys-Gly-Pro. (iii) Their expression is translationally controlled; while transcripts can be detected in diploid stages of spermatogenesis, association with polysomes can be shown only in haploid stages of sperm development. The genes differ markedly from the other members of the gene family in structure; they do not contain introns, they are of much larger size, and they have the Cys-Gly-Pro motifs clustered at the carboxy-terminal end of the encoded proteins. An antibody generated against the Mst98Ca protein recognizes both Mst98C proteins in D. melanogaster. In a male-sterile mutation in which spermiogenesis is blocked before individualization of sperm, both of these proteins are no longer synthesized. This finding provides proof of late translation for the Mst98C proteins and thereby independent proof of translational control of expression. Northern (RNA) and Western immunoblot analyses indicate the presence of homologous gene families in many other Drosophila species. The Mst98C proteins share sequence homology with proteins of the outer dense fibers in mammalian spermatozoa and can be localized to the sperm tail by immunofluorescence with an anti-Mst98Ca antibody.

Download Full-text