New Methods of Economic Management in the U.S.S.R.: Some Features of the Recent Economic Reform

1969 ◽  
pp. 344-358
Author(s):  
V. P. Gloushkov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
New Methods

Donna Bahry: Economic Reform and the Republics

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Local Dimension ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Regional Leaders ◽  
The Relationship

The regional and local dimension entered the debate over economic decentralization and perestroika as different republics or provinces provided laboratories for experiments with new forms of economic management, and as public officials below the all-union level were ordered to take more initiative in critical areas such as consumer goods production. Now, however, the regional dimension in economic reform has moved to the top of the political agenda. In part, it moved there after last year's Party Conference where regional leaders discussed economic strains in perestroika, in part due to economic strains that have become more visible at the local level. As Gorbachev told the Supreme Soviet, this year marks a new stage in perestroika, one that is to harmonize inter-ethnic relations and redefine the relationship—especially the economic relationship—between center and periphery.

Startups Creation and Development in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1191
Author(s):  
Aisen Afanasievich LARIONOV ◽  
Evgeniy Fedorovich AVDOKUSHIN ◽  
Galina Ivanovna RATZ
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Open Door Policy ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Main Components

The reform of the economic system in China initiated under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping in the late 70s of the 20th century included as the main components and mechanisms the gradual and consistent elimination of the state’s status of a monopoly economic entity. The economic reform was aimed at, first, the de-collectivization of the agricultural sector, the gradual implementation of individual and private forms of ownership, private economy management, and the transition from an administrative-command model of economic management to the use of commodity-money, and then market methods of economy management at the determining and directing role of the state. An open-door policy and foreign economy, as well as the use of the global economy mechanisms and potential, have become the most important components of economic reform and the entire development model of the Chinese economy.

Who Won the “Wool War”?: A Case Study of Rural Product Marketing in China

1989 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 213-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew watson ◽  
Christopher Findlay ◽  
Du Yintang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intensive Development

The absence of a systematic programme has been a distinctive feature of China's economic reform process. The Chinese did not set out to develop a step-by-step plan of reform to be phased in over a period of years. Instead they adopted a number of strategic goals, and in 1978 launched incremental and pragmatic changes aimed at realizing them. Essentially the strategy adopted had four main aspects: a shift from economic growth expressed mainly through statistical targets towards an emphasis on satisfying the consumption needs of the population; a change from extensive development based on new investment towards intensive development through greater efficiency; an acceptance of greater economic autonomy for producers, with a broader mix of methods of economic management and types of ownership; and the adoption of a much more open economy. The reforms adopted over the succeeding years have all been consistent with these objectives, but they have not been implemented through a carefully planned series of stages. Overall the process has been marked by different rates of reform across sectors, by occasional pauses and even retreats, and by problems generated by the interaction of the differing rates of reform. Enterprise managers, for example, have found that plan controls over their production or sales have disappeared at a faster rate than controls over their supply of inputs. Given the dual price system and the continuing role of the central government in the supply of strategic materials and energy, the impact of the uneven pace of change on managers’ behaviour has therefore been very complex.

Towards a New Quality of Professional Training

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.P. Groshev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
Sound Policy ◽  
The Way

This article by the Rector of the Plekhanov Institute for the National Economy in Moscow examines the need for widespread economic reform in the USSR as the way to renovate society and bring progress. Part of this process is to develop a sound policy towards education and professional training which will encompass new methods of funding, new ways of thinking, and the development of new subjects to teach that will encourage innovativeness and competition.

scholarly journals Prerequisites for the development and implementation 1957 Soviet administrative-economic reform

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Andrei Maksimovich Zhil'nikov ◽  
Igor' Borisovich Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Central Authority ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Industrial Management ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Plan

 The object of this research is the 1957 Soviet administrative-economic reform, while the subject is the prerequisites for the development and implementation of this reform. The goal consists in determination and analysis of the prerequisites for the development and implementation of 1957 Soviet administrative-economic reform. The article examines the activity of the Soviet government and party in the 1950s; identifies the economic and political prerequisites that influenced the course of events. The reform was aimed at weakening the central authority, downsizing of ministries, simplification of the centralized planned system of economic management, and establishment of the new industrial management branches – councils of the national economy of administrative economic districts. The research is based on the principle of historicism, employs the historical-genetic, functional, and formal-legal methods. The chronological framework stretch from 1953 to 1957. The administrative-economic reform is conditioned by the economic and political prerequisites. The authors note the industrial slowdown, as well as the crisis of the state plan system. The political crisis that unfolded in the USSR in 1950s had most considerable impact upon the reform. The reform was of uninstitutionalized nature, and served as the mechanism for strengthening the party authorities. 

scholarly journals Updating Economic Methods of Healthcare Development Management (On the Example of Belgorod Region)

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Tatiana Pinkus ◽  
◽  
Mihail Stepchuk ◽  
Lyudmila Krylova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Medical Organization ◽  
New Methods

The article is devoted to the use of updated methods of economic management of healthcare development in Belgorod region with the use of promising forms of financing of medical organizations, payment and economic motivation of medical workers in achievement of medical service quality and the effectiveness of medical organizations. The relevance of research is explained by the need to replace existing management system with new methods of economic management in healthcare, analysis and rational use of all means of healthcare, impact assessment of increase of the motivation of medical workers on the effectiveness of medical organizations and the quality of medical services, for the choice of the most optimal financing options and achievement of the best results in protection of public health. The authors used the main evaluation criteria: a) mortality reduction, including infant mortality and prolongation of the active life of a person; b) efficiency of the bed network and medical workers, quality and volume of inpatient medical care; c) availability and quality of medical care for the population living in the area of service of medical organization, effectiveness of outpatient medical care, a substitute hospital, and preventive measures. At the same time the use of effective methods of examination, treatment and prevention were taken into account. The study used a complex method: economic, statistical, quantitative and qualitative analysis, comparative assessment. The analysis showed that when choosing the forms of financing and motivation, the accumulated experience of economic management in the developed countries of the world and Russia was used, what made it possible to determine the best option. In the conclusion, an increase in wages and motivation of medical workers was found what had a positive impact on the efficiency of the medical organization, the quality of medical services and the health of the population. Recommendations are given for the improvement of economic management methods in healthcare, and a drawback is showed, i.e. limited funding and, accordingly, per capita tariffs, which does not allow using fully new methods of treatment.

Dollarisation and Plan: The Cuban Case

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Virgili ◽  
Cristina Xalma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Social Revolution ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Cuban Government ◽  
Us Dollar

This paper deals with the process of economic reform established by the Cuban government after the disintegration of the Soviet Block. Therefore, the legalisation of the possession and use of US dollar (1994-2004) will be specifically analysed, as well as the measures to canalise US dollars in order to achieve strategic economic recovery carefully planned to support - rather than to betray - Cuban social revolution. Consequences of the application of these measures, such as necessary changes in economic planning, economic and monetary duality, as well as the operative function concerning planning and market in economic management are also analysed. In addition, the paper also examines the de-dollarisation process.

The formation of an effective system of economic management is the main goal of modern reforms in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
А. Rassulev
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
State Interference

Structural transformations in the economy of Uzbekistan require new methods of economic management, therefore the article examines the main directions of the country's actual economic development and suggests the ways of forming a new system of economic management. The author emphasizes the need to create a flexible system of economic management, providing for the reduction of state interference in the activities of economic entities. It is substantiated that another important direction of economic development is poverty reduction and employment growth. It is proposed to use institutional factors as a key element of  economic development;  with that, clear boundaries should be set when using administrative tools. Particular attention is paid to the country's main resource - accumulated human capital. A number of measures are proposed to create an up-to-date system favouring the reproduction of human capital.

Replication of Wet Objects and Cells

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
S. Basu ◽  
D. F. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Polystyrene Latex ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Saturated Water Vapor ◽  
Replication Method ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Water Vapors ◽  
Intermediate Chamber

We are approaching the invasiveness of cancer cells from the studies of their wet surface morphology which should distinguish them from their normal counterparts. In this report attempts have been made to provide physical basis and background work to a wet replication method with a differentially pumped hydration chamber (Fig. 1) (1,2), to apply this knowledge for obtaining replica of some specimens of known features (e.g. polystyrene latex) and finally to realize more specific problems and to improvize new methods and instrumentation for their rectification. In principle, the evaporant molecules penetrate through a pair of apertures (250, 350μ), through water vapors and is, then, deposited on the specimen. An intermediate chamber between the apertures is pumped independently of the high vacuum system. The size of the apertures is sufficiently small so that full saturated water vapor pressure is maintained near the specimen.

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