The Hobbesian Moment

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-148
Author(s):  
Julio F. Carrión
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
Chief Executives ◽  
Political Dominance ◽  
Electoral Democracy ◽  
Permissive Condition ◽  
Hybrid Regime ◽  
Institutional Actors

This chapter reviews how once in power, populist leaders try to assert their political dominance, which is invariably contested by some societal and institutional actors, and shows how this moment of decisive political confrontation determines the ulterior trajectory of the populist government. If populist chief executives succeed during this moment, an aggrandized executive emerges and electoral democracy will transition to a hybrid regime; if they are defeated or constrained, the possibility of regime change is averted. The chapter identifies the permissive and productive conditions that explain the failure or success of populist leaders in emerging victorious from this inflection point. The key permissive condition is voters’ support for radical institutional change. The key productive condition is the ability of populist leaders to use the state’s repressive apparatus to impose their political will. An additional productive condition is sometimes present: the organization and mobilization of low-income voters to support the populist project.

scholarly journals #presidentspartingwords at a Critical Juncture: Reclaiming the Autonomous Subject in Social Media Discourse on Coronavirus in Belarus

2021 ◽  
pp. 019685992110495
Author(s):  
Volha Kananovich
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Critical Juncture ◽  
Subject Positions ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
Permissive Condition ◽  
Analytical Category

This study explores #presidentspartingwords, a viral hashtag that accompanied the eulogy-like posts that social media users created about themselves in spring 2020 by satirically emulating president Alexander Lukashenko’s patronizing remarks about the first coronavirus victims in Belarus, an authoritarian post-Soviet country. The study examines how the online public used these discursive sites to challenge the governmentally sanctioned subject positions, which construct Belarusians as inapt dependents of the state, by articulating themselves as efficacious,autonomous agents. The study argues the coronavirus pandemic served as a “permissive condition” for critical juncture by disrupting thelogic of the official discourse in which Lukashenko is assigned the role of the major, if not the only, rhetor imbued with the legitimacy to speak on behalf of the Belarusian people. I argue that approaching the coronavirus as a potential critical juncture offers critical mediascholars a useful analytical category for theorizing the discursive conditionality of political change.

Humanitarian Intervention, American Public Opinion, and the Future of R2P

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-345
Author(s):  
Jon Western
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
International System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
Civil Conflicts ◽  
The Public ◽  
Humanitarian Interventions ◽  
Permissive Condition

AbstractThis article examines the evolution of humanitarian interventions in the 1990s and examines whether or not R2P can be a catalyst for shifting the norm of humanitarian intervention from a permissive condition – whereby it is generally considered allowable in the international system – to an obligation on states to protect against mass violence against civilians. I conclude that shifting to a norm of obligation is likely to be a tough sell in the United States. While Americans express general support for responding to genocide, there are strong indications that both the public and elites are not likely to endorse a new norm that obligates the deployment of American troops into regional and civil conflicts around the globe. This article examines the prospects of American support for this pillar of R2P. It begins with an examination of the literature on how norms are created and then provides an overview of the process by which the norm of humanitarian intervention emerged in the 1990s and the degree to which it is embedded in American public opinion and decision-making circles. It then examines the challenges of gaining American public and political support for transforming the permissive norm of humanitarian intervention into a more formal obligation under R2P.

scholarly journals HA and HS Changes in Endothelial Inflammatory Activation

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Elena Caravà ◽  
Paola Moretto ◽  
Ilaria Caon ◽  
Arianna Parnigoni ◽  
Alberto Passi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Large Change ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Inflammatory Activation ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Permissive Condition

Cardiovascular diseases are a group of disorders caused by the presence of a combination of risk factors, such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity, etc., which cause the modification of the composition of the vessel’s matrix and lead to the alteration of blood flow, matched with an inflammation condition. Nevertheless, it is not clear if the inflammation is a permissive condition or a consequent one. In order to investigate the effect of inflammation on the onset of vascular disease, we treated endothelial cells with the cytokine TNF-α that is increased in obese patients and is reported to induce cardiometabolic diseases. The inflammation induced a large change in the extracellular matrix, increasing the pericellular hyaluronan and altering the heparan sulfate Syndecans sets, which seems to be related to layer permeability but does not influence cell proliferation or migration nor induce blood cell recruitment or activation.

Permissive Condition

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Rosche ◽  
Patricia L. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Permissive Condition

The Politics of Progress in Human Development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Stewart ◽  
Gustav Ranis ◽  
Emma Samman
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Permissive Condition

This chapter analyses approaches to understanding the politics underlying success and failure on human development, which are of critical importance for progress, as shown in earlier chapters. It draws on Polanyi’s analysis of a long-term swing of a pendulum between emphasis on markets and emphasis on social objectives, and on theories of social movements and social change, for example put forward by Tarrow and Tilly. It illustrates the relevance of both these approaches with empirical examples. The chapter contends that democracy is a permissive condition, providing space for collective action (social movements, workers’ movements action, and political parties) to promote change favouring human development. The chapter also discusses how far politics has been incorporated into the human development and capabilities approaches, considering and critiquing the view that what is needed is a ‘democratic consensus’.

Creating a sleep-permissive condition using bed warming

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. e304
Author(s):  
T. Weysen ◽  
E. Møst ◽  
R. Raymann
Keyword(s):  
Permissive Condition
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