Comparing the Incomparable: Figurative Analogies in a Dialectical Testing Procedure

2009 ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Garssen
Keyword(s):  
Testing Procedure

Influence of General and Crystallized Intelligence on Vocabulary Test Performance

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Ullstadius ◽  
Jan-Eric Gustafsson ◽  
Berit Carlstedt
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Vocabulary Test ◽  
Crystallized Intelligence ◽  
General Ability

Summary: Vocabulary tests, part of most test batteries of general intellectual ability, measure both verbal and general ability. Newly developed techniques for confirmatory factor analysis of dichotomous variables make it possible to analyze the influence of different abilities on the performance on each item. In the testing procedure of the Computerized Swedish Enlistment test battery, eight different subtests of a new vocabulary test were given randomly to subsamples of a representative sample of 18-year-old male conscripts (N = 9001). Three central dimensions of a hierarchical model of intellectual abilities, general (G), verbal (Gc'), and spatial ability (Gv') were estimated under different assumptions of the nature of the data. In addition to an ordinary analysis of covariance matrices, assuming linearity of relations, the item variables were treated as categorical variables in the Mplus program. All eight subtests fit the hierarchical model, and the items were found to load about equally on G and Gc'. The results also indicate that if nonlinearity is not taken into account, the G loadings for the easy items are underestimated. These items, moreover, appear to be better measures of G than the difficult ones. The practical utility of the outcome for item selection and the theoretical implications for the question of the origin of verbal ability are discussed.

Improvement in the Fock test for determining the reactivity of dissolving pulp

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHAO TIAN ◽  
LINQIANG ZHENG ◽  
QINGXIAN MIAO ◽  
CHRIS NASH ◽  
CHUNYU CAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Carbon Disulfide ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Dissolving Pulp ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Pulp Sample ◽  
Fock Reactivity

The Fock test is widely used for assessing the reactivity of dissolving pulp. The objective of this study was to modify the method to improve the repeatability of the test. Various parameters that affect the repeatability of the Fock test were investigated. The results showed that Fock reactivity is dependent on testing conditions affecting the xanthation between cellulose and carbon disulfide, such as the moisture content of the pulp sample, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration, xanthation temperature, carbon disulfide dosage, and xanthation time. The repeatability of the test was significantly improved using the following modified testing procedure: air dried sample in the constant temperature/humidity room, xanthation temperature of 66°F (19°C) in a water bath, xanthation time of 3 h, NaOH concentration of 9% (w/w), and 1.3 mL carbon disulfide.

Tax revenue and economic growth in developing country: an autoregressive distribution lags approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (54) ◽  
pp. 205-217
Author(s):  
Mnaku Honest Maganya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
The Government

AbstractTanzania, like most other developing countries, faces numerous economic challenges in striving to achieve sustainable economic growth and development through taxation. In the literature, the debate on how effective taxes are as a tool for promoting economic growth and economic development remains inconclusive, as various research have reported mixed effects of tax on economic growth. This article investigates the effect of taxation on economic growth in Tanzania using the recently developed technique of autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) bounds testing procedure for the period from 1996 to 2019. Various preliminary tests were conducted including stationary tests as well as the pair-wise Granger causality test. According to the results obtained, domestic goods and services (TGS) taxes are positively related to GDP growth and are statistically significant at 1% level. Income taxes, on the other hand, were found to be negatively related to GDP growth and to be statistically significant at 5% level. The pair-wise Granger causality results indicated that there is bidirectional Granger causality between TGS and GDP growth at 1 % significance level. The government should aim at growing, nurturing and sustaining tax base to positively drive economic growth even further.

scholarly journals Comparison of Some Physical Parameters of Whole and Scored Lisinopril and Lisinopril/Hydrochlorthiazide Tablets

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edina Vranić ◽  
Alija Uzunović
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Hardness Testing ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Adequate Dose ◽  
Response Information ◽  
Tablet Splitting ◽  
Good Patient Compliance ◽  
Accepted Practice

Tablets are one of the most popular and preferred solid dosage forms because they can be accurately dosed, easily manufactured and packaged on a large scale, have good physical and chemical stability, and can contribute to good patient compliance given their ease of administration. The ability to match doses to patients depends on the availability of multiple dose sizes and adequate dose-response information. These are not always provided, so splitting of the tablets is sometimes necessary, Tablet splitting is an accepted practice in dispensing medication, It has been used when a dosage form of the required strength is not available commercially. The aim of our study was to compare some physical parameters of whole and scored lisinopril and lisinopril/hydrochlorthiazide tablets and to accept or exclude their influence on the obtaining of required dosage.According to the results obtained, we may conclude that tablets from batch “I” “IL “III” and “IV” satisfied pharmacopeial requirements concerning crushing strength, friability, disintegration time and mass uniformity. The hardness testing showed acceptable reproducibility and indicate that the data variation was primarily from the irreversible changes in the structure of tablet samples. The act of compacting powders stores energy within the tablets, by shifting or compressing the intermolecular bonds within the particles. The tablets have a natural tendency to relax once pressure is removed, and this tendency works against the interparticle bonding formed during compression. Hardness testing procedure causes irreversible changes in this structure.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Road Pavement Green Concrete: An Application of Advance Decision-Making Approach before Life Cycle Assessment

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Hatem Alhazmi ◽  
Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah ◽  
Muhammad Aamir Basheer
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Rigid Pavement ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Pavement Structures

Rigid pavement structures are one of the costly components of the infrastructure development process. It consumes a huge quantity of ingredients necessary for concrete development. Hence, a newly introduced concept of circular economy in combination with waste management was introduced to solve this problem. In this study, three waste products (rice husk ash (RHA), wood sawdust (WSD), and processes waste tea (PWT)) was utilized to develop the concrete for rigid pavement structures by replacing the sand, i.e., a filler material at different percentages. During the testing procedure of compressive (CS), tensile (TS), and flexural strength (FS) properties, RHA and WSD at 5% replacement were found to be a good replacement of sand to develop required concrete. This study will help in the production of eco-friendly rigid pavement structures and a pathway of life cycle assessment in the future.

scholarly journals Investigation into the Lithium-Ion Battery Fire Resistance Testing Procedure for Commercial Use

Batteries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Daniel Darnikowski ◽  
Magdalena Mieloszyk
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Safety Test ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Reliable Testing

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have many advantages (e.g., high voltage and long-life cycle) in comparison to other energy storage technologies (e.g., lead acid), resulting in their applicability in a wide variety of structures. Simultaneously, the thermal stability of LIBs is relatively poor and can be damaged by exposure to fire. This paper presents an investigation into a fire resistance safety test for LIBs and the use of thermal sensors to evaluate exposure conditions and estimate the temperatures to which cells are subjected. Temperature distribution data and statistical analysis show significant differences of over 200 ∘C, indicating the stochastic nature of the heating curve despite following the testing procedure requirements. We concluded that the current testing procedure is inadequate for the reliable testing of LIBs, leaving an alarming loophole in the fire safety evaluation. The observed instability is mostly related to wind speed and direction, and fire source size.

scholarly journals 649. Clinical Implementation of a Rapid Susceptibility Testing Procedure, Directly From a Positive Blood Culture Using the Vitek®2 System on Gram Negative Rods

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S383-S383
Author(s):  
Charma Henry ◽  
Dustin Evans ◽  
Daniel Navas ◽  
Arleen Barker ◽  
Chonnapat Somyos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Positive Blood Culture ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
National Average ◽  
Major Error ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Gram Negative

Abstract Background The national average of identification and susceptibility for organisms isolated from positive blood culture to final susceptibility based on growth on solid media is 48 hours. The goal of this research was to prove that the Vitek®2 (bioMérieux, Inc.) system can provide an accurate and reliable susceptibility result directly from positive blood culture for Gram negative rods and reduce the turnaround time (TAT) from positive blood culture to the final susceptibility. Methods An FDA-modified validation procedure was performed on positive blood cultures directly from the bottle to the VITEK®2 System for susceptibility testing. The protocol tested and validated an aliquot of 50uL of blood directly from the positive bottle into 10 mL of saline (1:200). The solution was vortexed and 3mL were placed in the VITEK®2 test tube. This protocol was intended only for Gram negative rods using the AST-GN70, AST-GN81 & AST-GN801 cards. This protocol followed the CLSI M52 and M100 guidelines. Results 515 organisms from clinical blood culture samples from July 2018 to October 2019 were evaluated. Organisms included, but were not limited to: E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., and P. aeruginosa, Proteus spp., Salmonella spp., Acinetobacter spp., and S. maltophilia. There were 5,201 drug/bug combinations. AdventHealth Orlando achieved an essential agreement of 99.32% (n=5,166), minor error 0.74% (n=39) major error 0.02% (n=1) and very major error 0.49% (n=2). A 100% agreement was achieved on detection of ESBL, CRE, and MDR organisms. Conclusion Rapid direct blood culture protocol using the VITEK®2 System and the AST-GN cards is accurate, reliable and can be performed with less than 1 minute hands-on time. The protocol can be implemented in any laboratory at no additional costs or modification where the current VITEK®2 AST-GN panels are in use. This protocol was clinically implemented at AdventHealth Orlando on July 15, 2019. Compared with the national average of 72 hours, the TAT obtained during this study was 23 hours from positive blood culture to final susceptibility, a significant reduction of 25 hours. The authors encourage bioMérieux Inc. to evaluate and explore the opportunity to expand the use of the VITEK®2 system for this application with the appropriate clinical trial. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Convergence or Divergence Patterns in Global Defence Spending: Further Evidence from a Nonlinear Single Factor Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Shaaba Saba
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
National Income ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Convergence Clubs ◽  
Defence Spending ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
World Income ◽  
International Convergence

AbstractThis study re-examines the international convergence in defence spending for 125 countries spanning 1985–2018. We employ the approach of Phillips and Sul, which tests for the existence of convergence clubs and the modelling of different transition paths to convergence. Our findings suggest no overall defence spending convergence at the world, income groups (except the low-income countries) and regional levels. However, we identify two convergence clubs using an iterative testing procedure and eventually (i) at world level, these two clubs exhibit convergence, and (ii) while taking into account Gross national income, geography and defence alliances/economic cooperation it is possible to make different number of convergence/divergence clubs. Contrary to previous findings, this study finds that the process of convergence in defence spending does not reflect the desirable emanations of defence policies sharing similar characteristics, at least in terms of the allocation of scarce public resources across the globe.

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