Uruguay: Higher Education, National System of Innovation, and Economic Development in a Small Peripheral Country

2011 ◽  
pp. 77-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Arocena ◽  
Judith Sutz
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
National System ◽  
Peripheral Country ◽  
National System Of Innovation

scholarly journals Regional distribution of the National System of Innovation actors and economic development: an international comparison

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-869
Author(s):  
ULISSES PEREIRA DOS SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
National System ◽  
Regional Concentration ◽  
National System Of Innovation

ABSTRACT It is believed that actors of the National System of Innovation (NSI) influence and are influenced by regional aspects, like geographical allocation. Based on this perspective the scientific, technological and economical performances in sub-national divisions of nine developed and developing countries are analyzed in this paper. The aim is to evaluate the hypothesis on the existence of higher regional concentration of NSI actors in developing countries. The results suggest that this hypothesis may be correct, since S,T&I activities are more likely to be regionally concentrated in the richest regions in the developing countries analyzed, opposing what happens in developed countries.

The Changing Face of South Africa's National System of Innovation, 1991–2001

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kahn ◽  
William Blankley
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
South African ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
The South ◽  
Experimental Development ◽  
National System ◽  
Major Loss ◽  
National System Of Innovation ◽  
High Level

The article examines changes in the South African national system of innovation (NSI) since the onset of democracy in 1994. In particular, the recently completed 2001/02 Survey of Research and Experimental Development (R&D) is used to quantify the shifts in R&D activity for the major business, government and higher education players. The major flows of R&D expenditure are found to be within rather than between firms. Interaction between higher education and firms is encouraged by agency funding and is increasing from a relatively low base. The NSI itself has remained stable over the transition to democracy, with small shifts in research emphasis and no apparent major loss of capacity. There are, however, warning signs that the lack of availability of high-level skills may limit its further growth. There is evidence that the NSI has the potential to respond to the designated thrusts of the national R&D strategy.

The development of the national system of innovation through investment engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1317-1334
Author(s):  
S.N. Larin ◽  
E.Yu. Khrustalev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
National System ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
National Economic ◽  
National System Of Innovation

Subject. To grow steadily and successfully, any economy should improve its mechanism for managing the socio-economic development, which should rely upon scientific approaches, methods and mechanisms. Objectives. The study is an attempt to outline the concept for developing the national economic system of innovation through investment engineering. Methods. The study is based on methods of generalization and systems analysis. Results. We propose a new concept for formulating the modern national system of innovation economics, which poses an investment project as the backbone constituent, being performed by diverse entities and organizations. The system raises the probability that comprehensive investment projects will be successfully implemented, including the reliability of mutual settlements for the sake of the ultimate economic effect. Conclusions and Relevance. The investment concept herein opens new opportunities for a new progressive strategy for the national economic development. Based on investment engineering principles, the economic system will carefully protect all types of property, effectively distribute the national property among federal, regional and local entities, and position regional and local budgets as a set of investment projects or the single investment program for the development of regions and country as a whole. The findings help implement new approaches to developing the national economic system of innovation, which will enhance the performance of manufacturing enterprises and public, collective and private entities. It will contribute to the transparency of financial flows in the non-public sector of economy and considerably curb the informal sector of economy.

NATIONAL SYSTEMS OF INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION: A MULTI-COUNTRY MODEL

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARDO C. RIBEIRO ◽  
RICARDO M. RUIZ ◽  
EDUARDO M. ALBUQUERQUE ◽  
AMÉRICO T. BERNARDES
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Technological Capabilities ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
National System ◽  
National Systems Of Innovation ◽  
National System Of Innovation ◽  
National Systems ◽  
Artificial World

Science and technology have a fundamental role in the economic development. Although this statement is generally well accepted, the internal mechanisms which are responsible for these interactions are not clear. In the last decade, dealing with this problem, many models have been proposed. In this paper, we introduce a model that creates an artificial world economy that is a network of countries. Each country has its own national system of innovation and the interactions between countries are given by functions that connect the competitiveness of their prices and their technological capabilities. Starting from different configurations, the artificial world economy self-organizes itself and creates a hierarchies of countries.

Cuba: University, Innovation and Society: Higher Education in the National System of Innovation

2011 ◽  
pp. 97-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Núñez Jover ◽  
Luis Félix Montalvo Arriete ◽  
Isarelis Pérez Ones ◽  
Aurora Fernández González ◽  
José Luis García Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
National System ◽  
National System Of Innovation

scholarly journals Evolution of university governance in Morocco: Which impacts?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Khalid Ayad ◽  
Khaoula Dobli Bennani ◽  
Mostafa Elhachloufi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
University Governance ◽  
General Review ◽  
Theoretical Literature ◽  
Quality Of Higher Education ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

The concept of governance has become ubiquitous since it is recognized as an important tool for improving quality in all aspects of higher education.In Morocco, few scientific articles have dealt with the subject of university governance. Therefore, we will present a general review of the evolution of governance through laws and reforms established by Moroccan Governments from 1975 to 2019. The purpose of the study is to detect the extent of the presence of university governance principles in these reforms.This study enriches the theoretical literature on the crisis of Moroccan university and opens the way to new empirical studies to better understand the perception of university governance concept in the Moroccan context and to improve the quality of higher education and subsequently the economic development of the country.The findings of this study show an increasing evolution of the presence of university governance principles in reforms and higher education laws.

scholarly journals Educational inequalities in obesity: a multilevel analysis of survey data from cities in Latin America

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mónica Mazariegos ◽  
Amy H Auchincloss ◽  
Ariela Braverman-Bronstein ◽  
María F Kroker-Lobos ◽  
Manuel Ramírez-Zea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
University Education ◽  
Educational Inequalities ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
American Cities

Abstract Objective: Using newly harmonised individual-level data on health and socio-economic environments in Latin American cities (from the Salud Urbana en América Latina (SALURBAL) study), we assessed the association between obesity and education levels and explored potential effect modification of this association by city-level socio-economic development. Design: This cross-sectional study used survey data collected between 2002 and 2017. Absolute and relative educational inequalities in obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, derived from measured weight and height) were calculated first. Then, a two-level mixed-effects logistic regression was run to test for effect modification of the education–obesity association by city-level socio-economic development. All analyses were stratified by sex. Setting: One hundred seventy-six Latin American cities within eight countries (Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru). Participants: 53 186 adults aged >18 years old. Results: Among women, 25 % were living with obesity and obesity was negatively associated with educational level (higher education–lower obesity) and this pattern was consistent across city-level socio-economic development. Among men, 18 % were living with obesity and there was a positive association between education and obesity (higher education–higher obesity) for men living in cities with lower levels of development, whereas for those living in cities with higher levels of development, the pattern was inverted and university education was protective of obesity. Conclusions: Among women, education was protective of obesity regardless, whereas among men, it was only protective in cities with higher levels of development. These divergent results suggest the need for sex- and city-specific interventions to reduce obesity prevalence and inequalities.

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