Selecting Manufacturing Process Chains in the Early Stage of the Product Engineering Process with Focus on Energy Consumption

Designers need to consider both the functional and production process requirements at the early stage of product development. A variety of the research works found in the literature has been proposed to assist designers in selecting the most viable manufacturing process chain. However, they do not provide any assistance for designers to evaluate the processes according to the particular circumstances of their company. This paper describes a framework of an Activity and Resource Advisory System (ARAS) that generates advice about the required activities and the possible resources for various manufacturing process chains. The system provides more insight, more flexibility, and a more holistic and suited approach for designers to evaluate and then select the most viable manufacturing process chain at the early stage of product development.

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Investigating the Energy Consumption of the PECM Process for Consideration in the Selection of Manufacturing Process Chains

Procedia CIRP ◽

10.1016/j.procir.2015.02.173 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 585-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Martin Swat ◽

Andreas Rebschläger ◽

Kirsten Trapp ◽

Tim Stock ◽

Günther Seliger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Manufacturing Process ◽

Process Chains ◽

Selection Of

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Association between risk of type 2 diabetes and changes in energy intake at breakfast and dinner over 14 years: a latent class trajectory analysis from the China health and nutrition Survey, 1997–2011

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046183 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. e046183

Author(s):

Xiyun Ren ◽

Jian Gao ◽

Tianshu Han ◽

Changhao Sun

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Latent Class ◽

Early Stage ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Diabetes Status

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between the trajectories of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).DesignCohort study.SettingThe study was conducted in China.ParticipantsA total of 10 727 adults, including 5239 men and 5488 women, with a mean age of 42.7±11.2 years and a mean follow-up time of 9.1 years, met the study criteria and completed a questionnaire about energy intake and diabetes status from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 1997–2011.Primary outcome measuresParticipants were divided into subgroups based on the trajectories of the ratio of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast. Cox multivariate regression models were used to explore the associations between different trajectories and the risk of T2D after adjustment for confounders and their risk factors. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the intermediary effect of triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), uric acid (UA) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) between the trajectories and the risk of T2D.ResultsFor energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast, compared with a low-stable trajectory, the adjusted HR of T2D in low-increasing from early-stage trajectory was 1.29 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.60). TG, TC, UA and ApoB were significantly higher in low-increasing from early-stage trajectory than other trajectories and play partial regulation roles between trajectories and T2D.ConclusionsThis study emphasised the harmful effect of a gradual increase in the ratio of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast from early stage on the development of T2D and partially mediated by TG, TC, UA and ApoB, highlighting that it is necessary to intake more energy at breakfast compared with dinner to prevent T2D in adults.

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An Energy Consumption Approach to Estimate Air Emission Reductions in Container Shipping

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14020278 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 278

Author(s):

Ernest Czermański ◽

Giuseppe T. Cirella ◽

Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek ◽

Barbara Pawłowska ◽

Theo Notteboom

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Early Stage ◽

Management Plan ◽

Policy Formulation ◽

Container Shipping ◽

Shipping Industry ◽

Emission Reductions ◽

Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

Container shipping is the largest producer of emissions within the maritime shipping industry. Hence, measures have been designed and implemented to reduce ship emission levels. IMO’s MARPOL Annex VI, with its future plan of applying Tier III requirements, the Energy Efficiency Design Index for new ships, and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan for all ships. To assist policy formulation and follow-up, this study applies an energy consumption approach to estimate container ship emissions. The volumes of sulphur oxide (SOx), nitrous oxide (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from container ships are estimated using 2018 datasets on container shipping and average vessel speed records generated via AIS. Furthermore, the estimated reductions in SOx, NOx, PM, and CO2 are mapped for 2020. The empirical analysis demonstrates that the energy consumption approach is a valuable method to estimate ongoing emission reductions on a continuous basis and to fill data gaps where needed, as the latest worldwide container shipping emissions records date back to 2015. The presented analysis supports early-stage detection of environmental impacts in container shipping and helps to determine in which areas the greatest potential for emission reductions can be found.

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Analysis of Energy Consumption of Indonesian Flat Glass Industry PT. X Based on Green Industry Standards

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201818703005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 187 ◽

pp. 03005

Author(s):

Reviana Revitasari ◽

Bambang Heru Susanto

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Glass Industry ◽

Manufacturing Process ◽

Flat Glass ◽

Industrial Sector ◽

Sustainable Production ◽

Growth Environment ◽

Green Industry ◽

Industry Standards ◽

Effectiveness And Efficiency

The natural resource consumption is higher along with the increasing needs of people in various sectors, which affect the environment directly or indirectly. Especially for energy consumption, the supply and availability of fossil energy, as a non-renewable energy, are increasingly depleted and not guaranteed in the long run, coupled with the issue of emissions generated. The industrial sector as a driver of the national economy, including the flat glass industry as a case study, is an energy intensive sector. Almost 83% of its energy consumption used for operating the furnaces as the main production unit with temperature up to 1700 °C continuously about 15 years. The increasing of effectiveness and efficiency of energy consumption in the glass manufacturing process will affect significantly to sustainable production in PT. X and gives many other valuable impacts to the economic growth, environment, and society. So, this study analyzes about the energy consumption in PT. X based on Green Industry Standards, believed as a proper strategy, the benchmark of some standards or related regulations for energy consumption in several countries, and the opportunity of the green industry concept implementation in the glass manufacturing process. The methods were studied of literature, plant observation, interview, and data calculation manually and using spreadsheets. The results indicate that the Flat Glass Industry PT. X requires the improvement to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of energy consumption to get the sustainable production.

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Agile product engineering through continuous validation in PGE – Product Generation Engineering

Design Science ◽

10.1017/dsj.2017.5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Albert Albers ◽

Matthias Behrendt ◽

Simon Klingler ◽

Nicolas Reiß ◽

Nikola Bursac

Keyword(s):

New Product ◽

Engineering Process ◽

Shape Variation ◽

Engineering Model ◽

Mechatronic Systems ◽

Ongoing Activity ◽

Product Engineering ◽

Product Generation ◽

Central Activity ◽

Development Methods

Most products are developed in generations. This needs to be considered with regard to development methods and processes to make existing knowledge available to achieve increased efficiency. To realize this, the approach of PGE – product generation engineering – is formulated. Product generation engineering is understood as the development of products based on reference products (precursor or competitor products). The subsystems are either adapted to the new product generation by means of carryover or they are newly developed based on shape variation or principle variation. Validation is considered as the central activity in the product engineering process and is a major challenge, especially for complex mechatronic systems. Therefore, it is important to understand validation as an ongoing activity during product development. The pull principle of validation describes the definition and development of validation activities, including models and validation environments based on specific validation objectives. In order to have effectiveness within validation of subsystems, it is necessary to map the interactions with the overall system, namely the super-system. The relevant subsystems can be connected under consideration of functional and energetic aspects by means of virtual, physical or mixed virtual–physical modeling applied by the holistic IPEK-X-in-the-Loop approach within the integrated Product engineering Model (iPeM).

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Computer Aided Ergonomics Through Parametric Biomechanical Simulation

Volume 1B: 35th Computers and Information in Engineering Conference ◽

10.1115/detc2015-46064 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jörg Miehling ◽

Jürgen Schuhhardt ◽

Florian Paulus-Rohmer ◽

Sandro Wartzack

Keyword(s):

Engineering Process ◽

Force Measurements ◽

Biomechanical Simulation ◽

Product Engineering ◽

Target User ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Virtual Product Development ◽

Development Paradigm ◽

Musculoskeletal Simulations ◽

Virtual Product

Computer aided ergonomics and particularly biomechanical simulations hold high potential for the implementation of the virtual product development paradigm in the field of human-centric design. Unfortunately, the relation between efforts to be invested to the insights gained by musculoskeletal simulations is still not sufficient for a widespread industrial application. This contribution shows how parametric biomechanical simulations can be used to gain specific indications on how interaction points of human-centric products are to be designed to meet the competencies of a given target user. This is demonstrated using cycling and rowing as two exemplary activities involving the entire human body. These activities are empirically well studied and electromyographic as well as force measurements are available. The comparison of the biomechanical simulations to the real-world scenario permits the validation of the proposed parametric approach as well as the applied models. This is a prerequisite for its application along the product engineering process.

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