Essential Ethical Considerations for Public Policy on Assisted Reproduction

Beyond Baby M ◽  
1990 ◽  
pp. 65-86
Author(s):  
Carol Tauer
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Ethical Considerations

Resurrected Bodies

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlene Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Faith Traditions ◽  
Anthropological Literature ◽  
Religious Actors

The anthropological literature on transplant, though theoretically and ethnographically rich, does not address religion in any substantial way. And while bio-ethical considerations of transplant regularly address religion, treatments are generally circumscribed to a list of various faith traditions and their stance toward organ transplant. Such a presentation reduces “religion” to the world’s recognized faith traditions, “religious actors” to the official spokespersons of these traditions, and “religious belief” to moral injunctions. The objective of the thesis was to illuminate the prominent place of religion in the lived experience of transplant recipients and donors, in the public policy and professional activities of transplant officials, and in the transplant discourses of North America

Psychological Aspects of Infertility Post-Injury

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura S. Covington
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Service Member ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Psychosocial Implications ◽  
The Military

This chapter explores how service members with injuries that damage sexual and reproductive functioning may experience the psychosocial implications of impaired fertility. It addresses a general overview of infertility and then describes the experience within the military context. Infertility can be an invisible, secondary wound that is not felt until one considers procreation and that may last for many years. Further, infertility is an injury that affects not only the service member but also his or her partner. Many ethical considerations and barriers, including limited insurance coverage and accessibility for treatment, make it difficult to access technologies for reproduction. Fertility preservation and sperm harvesting should be considered as options by service members before deployment. While advances in technologies can help injured service members to procreate, the challenges and emotional fallout are significant and need to be addressed in treatment, counseling, and public policy.

On Becoming One of the Boys

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Jeanne Stumpf-Carome
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Career Goal ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Contract Work ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Arena

Educated and trained both as a sociocultural anthropologist and as an urban planner, I have had as a career goal combining these disciplinary perspectives in applied settings. I have been particularly interested in issues relating to the implementation of urban public policy from the perspective of the target group(s). While pursuing contract work, I also set for myself the professional task of exploring the roles, methodology, and ethical considerations which might arise in representing the interests of target groups. My immediate goals were, first, to be hired or funded by groups whose problems I would be addressing and, second, to be judged competent (in both the group's and my own estimation) in representing the group's views in the public arena.

Nudge FORGOOD

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
LEONHARD K. LADES ◽  
LIAM DELANEY
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Philosophical Debate ◽  
Ethics Framework ◽  
Behavioural Sciences

Abstract Insights from the behavioural sciences are increasingly used by governments and other organizations worldwide to ‘nudge’ people to make better decisions. Furthermore, a large philosophical literature has emerged on the ethical considerations on nudging human behaviour that has presented key challenges for the area, but is regularly omitted from discussion of policy design and administration. We present and discuss FORGOOD, an ethics framework that synthesizes the debate on the ethics of nudging in a memorable mnemonic. It suggests that nudgers should consider seven core ethical dimensions: Fairness, Openness, Respect, Goals, Opinions, Options and Delegation. The framework is designed to capture the key considerations in the philosophical debate about nudging human behaviour, while also being accessible for use in a range of public policy settings, as well as training.

The Role of Providers in Assisted Reproduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Daar
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Patient Choice ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Reproductive Decisions ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Medically Assisted Reproduction ◽  
American Society ◽  
Multiple Patients

The need for infertility treatment brings professionals into reproductive decisions that are important private matters for patients. In medically assisted reproduction, providers are brought into roles traditionally regarded as occupied only by nature and into a position to determine which embryos are suitable for transfer in the effort to achieve pregnancy. These powers of judgment present ethical challenges for professionals providing assisted reproduction services. Among these challenges is the potential conflictual involvement of multiple patients in the process: intended parents, gamete donors, and gestational surrogates. Other challenges include the obligation to avoid discrimination in selecting embryos for transfer or in making decisions about which patients to serve. Providers must be informed by ethical discussions such as the ethics opinions of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Important ethical considerations include respect for patient choice, the best interests of offspring, nondiscrimination, and social justice.

Hormesis, ethics, and public policy: an overview

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 659-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Made In

This article synthesizes the major points made in the preceding essays on the topic of “Hormesis and Ethics.” The questions and concerns raised in these essays are organized into three general categories: (1) scientific issues, (2) practical concerns, and (3) “explicitly ethical” considerations. The present article concludes with several suggestions. First, researchers would do well to address scientific concerns about the generalizability of hormesis. Second, it would be helpful to gather further information about the frequency that hormetic effects are beneficial for organisms over the long term. Third, more information is needed about the toxic exposures that the public is already receiving and about the potential synergistic effects of those exposures. Fourth, further reflection is warranted about whether regulations should, on one hand, maximize the ratio of benefits to risks for the population as a whole or, on the other hand, protect individuals from health risks to which they do not consent and for which they cannot easily be compensated.

Ethical Considerations in the Public Policy Laboratory

JAMA ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 284 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
The Public

Assisted reproduction with gametes and embryos: what research is needed and fundable?

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Sexed Semen ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Bovine Spermatozoa ◽  
Species Specific

Principles for selecting future research projects include interests of investigators, fundability, potential applications, ethical considerations, being able to formulate testable hypotheses and choosing the best models, including selection of the most appropriate species. The following 10 areas of assisted reproduction seem especially appropriate for further research: efficacious capacitation of bovine spermatozoa in vitro; improved in vitro bovine oocyte maturation; decreasing variability and increasing efficacy of bovine superovulation; improved fertility of sexed semen; improving equine IVF; improving cryopreservation of rooster spermatozoa; understanding differences between males in success of sperm cryopreservation and reasons for success in competitive fertilisation; mechanisms of reprogramming somatic cell nuclei after nuclear transfer; regulation of differentiation of ovarian primordial follicles; and means by which spermatozoa maintain fertility during storage in the epididymis. Issues are species specific for several of these topics, in most cases because the biology is species specific.

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