Produced Water Composition, Toxicity, and Fate

1996 ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Flynn ◽  
Ed J. Butler ◽  
Ian Vance
Keyword(s):  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Composition

scholarly journals Produced Water Treatment with Conventional Adsorbents and MOF as an Alternative: A Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7607
Author(s):  
Humaira Gul Zaman ◽  
Lavania Baloo ◽  
Rajashekhar Pendyala ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Singa ◽  
Suhaib Umer Ilyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Produced Water Treatment ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Biological Methods

A large volume of produced water (PW) has been produced as a result of extensive industrialization and rising energy demands. PW comprises organic and inorganic pollutants, such as oil, heavy metals, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and radioactive materials. The increase in PW volume globally may result in irreversible environmental damage due to the pollutants’ complex nature. Several conventional treatment methods, including physical, chemical, and biological methods, are available for produced water treatment that can reduce the environmental damages. Studies have shown that adsorption is a useful technique for PW treatment and may be more effective than conventional techniques. However, the application of adsorption when treating PW is not well recorded. In the current review, the removal efficiencies of adsorbents in PW treatment are critically analyzed. An overview is provided on the merits and demerits of the adsorption techniques, focusing on overall water composition, regulatory discharge limits, and the hazardous effects of the pollutants. Moreover, this review highlights a potential alternative to conventional technologies, namely, porous adsorbent materials known as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), demonstrating their significance and efficiency in removing contaminants. This study suggests ways to overcome the existing limitations of conventional adsorbents, which include low surface area and issues with reuse and regeneration. Moreover, it is concluded that there is a need to develop highly porous, efficient, eco-friendly, cost-effective, mechanically stable, and sustainable MOF hybrids for produced water treatment.

Geochemical Techniques to Detect Sources of Fluids in Highly Pressured Casing-Casing Annuli CCA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Peter Birkle ◽  
Hamdi A. AlRamadan
Keyword(s):  
Produced Water ◽  
Environmental Isotopes ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Fluid Identification ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Alteration Processes ◽  
Mud Filtrate ◽  
Supply Water

Abstract The buildup of high casing-casing annulus (CCA) pressure compromises the well integrity and can lead to serious incidents if left untreated. Potential sources of water causing the elevated CCA pressure are either trapped water in the cement column or water from a constant feeding source. This study utilizes inorganic geochemical techniques to determine the provenance of CCA produced water as trigger for high pressure in newly drilled wells. Affinities in the hydrochemical (major, minor and trace elements) and stable isotopic (δ2H, δ18O) composition are monitored to identify single fluid types, multi-component mixing and secondary fluid alteration processes. As a proof-of-concept, geochemical fingerprints of CCA produced water from three wells were correlated with potential source candidates, i.e., utilized drilling fluids (mud filtrate, supply water) from the target well site, Early - Late Cretaceous aquifers and Late Jurassic - Late Triassic formation waters from adjacent wells and fields. Geochemical affinities of CCA water with groundwater from an Early Cretaceous aquifer postulate the presence one single horizon for active water inflow. Non-reactive elements (Na, Cl) and environmental isotopes (δ2H, δ18O) were found to be most suited tools for fluid identification. 2H/1H and 18O/16O ratios of supply water and mud filtrate are close to global meteoric water composition, whereas formation waters are enriched in 18O. Elevated SO4 and K concentrations and extreme alkaline conditions for CCA water indicates the occurrence of minor secondary alteration processes, such the contact of inflowing groundwater with cement or fluid mixing with minor portions of KCl additives. The presented technology in this study enables the detection of high CCA pressure and fluid leakages sources, thereby allowing workover engineers to plan for potential remedial actions prior to moving the rig to the affected well; hence significantly reducing operational costs. Appropriate remedial solutions can be prompted for safe well abandonment as well as to resume operation at the earliest time.

scholarly journals Produced Water Desalination via Pervaporative Distillation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3560
Author(s):  
Jingbo Wang ◽  
Dian Tanuwidjaja ◽  
Subir Bhattacharjee ◽  
Arian Edalat ◽  
David Jassby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Porous Membrane ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Salt Passage

Herein, we report on the performance of a hybrid organic-ceramic hydrophilic pervaporation membrane applied in a vacuum membrane distillation operating mode to desalinate laboratory prepared saline waters and a hypersaline water modeled after a real oil and gas produced water. The rational for performing “pervaporative distillation” is that highly contaminated waters like produced water, reverse osmosis concentrates and industrial have high potential to foul and scale membranes, and for traditional porous membrane distillation membranes they can suffer pore-wetting and complete salt passage. In most of these processes, the hard to treat feed water is commonly softened and filtered prior to a desalination process. This study evaluates pervaporative distillation performance treating: (1) NaCl solutions from 10 to 240 g/L at crossflow Reynolds numbers from 300 to 4800 and feed-temperatures from 60 to 85 °C and (2) a real produced water composition chemically softened to reduce its high-scale forming mineral content. The pervaporative distillation process proved highly-effective at desalting all feed streams, consistently delivering <10 mg/L of dissolved solids in product water under all operating condition tested with reasonably high permeate fluxes (up to 23 LMH) at optimized operating conditions.

A Comprehensive Determination of Produced Water Composition

1992 ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. C. Tibbetts ◽  
I. T. Buchanan ◽  
L. J. Gawel ◽  
R. Large
Keyword(s):  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Comprehensive Determination

Laboratory and well-history based predictions of productivity decline due to oilfield scaling—analytical modelling and field study

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Themis Carageorgos ◽  
Marcelle Pinto Marotti ◽  
Raphael Monteiro ◽  
Pavel Bedrikovetsky
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Barium Sulphate ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Well Productivity ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Campos Basin ◽  
Productivity Decline

Sulphate scaling may develop during offshore waterflood projects where mixing of injected and formation waters causes salt precipitation. Salt deposition results in permeability decline and, consequently, in impairment of well productivity. The problem has been widely presented in the literature for the North Sea, Campos Basin and the Gulf of Mexico. Recently several oil companies have reported several field cases of oilfield scaling in Australia. In this paper, methods are summarised for forecasting productivity decline from the history of well productivity index decline, produced water composition, and also from laboratory corefloods. The methods account for chemical reactions based on exact analytical solutions of inverse and forward modelling of quasi steady state oil-water flow towards producing wells. The main result obtained from the analytical model is a measure of the decline in productivity index with time for either linear flow in the case of a coreflood or the radial flow towards well. The analytical model has been used to predict further productivity decline in scaled-up producers of the deepwater offshore field X (Campos Basin, Brazil). Laboratory corefloods were carried out for field X cores and waters, and the model coefficients were determined. The productivity losses due to barium sulphate scaling have been noticed during several years of seawater flooding. The values obtained for reaction kinetics and formation damage coefficients are similar to those obtained from corefloods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document