Review of Selected Three-Dimensional Numerical Sea Breeze Models

1985 ◽  
pp. 259-294
Author(s):  
Ulrike Pechinger
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sea Breeze

scholarly journals The effect of coastal upwelling on the sea-breeze circulation at Cabo Frio, Brazil: a numerical experiment

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 866-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Franchito ◽  
V. B. Rao ◽  
J. L. Stech ◽  
J. A. Lorenzzetti
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Breeze Circulation ◽  
Mesoscale Meteorology ◽  
Forcing Function ◽  
Cabo Frio

Abstract. The effect of coastal upwelling on sea-breeze circulation in Cabo Frio (Brazil) and the feedback of sea-breeze on the upwelling signal in this region are investigated. In order to study the effect of coastal upwelling on sea-breeze a non-linear, three-dimensional, primitive equation atmospheric model is employed. The model considers only dry air and employs boundary layer formulation. The surface temperature is determined by a forcing function applied to the Earth's surface. In order to investigate the seasonal variations of the circulation, numerical experiments considering three-month means are conducted: January-February-March (JFM), April-May-June (AMJ), July-August-September (JAS) and October-November-December (OND). The model results show that the sea-breeze is most intense near the coast at all the seasons. The sea-breeze is stronger in OND and JFM, when the upwelling occurs, and weaker in AMJ and JAS, when there is no upwelling. Numerical simulations also show that when the upwelling occurs the sea-breeze develops and attains maximum intensity earlier than when it does not occur. Observations show a similar behavior. In order to verify the effect of the sea-breeze surface wind on the upwelling, a two-layer finite element ocean model is also implemented. The results of simulations using this model, forced by the wind generated in the sea-breeze model, show that the sea-breeze effectively enhances the upwelling signal.Key words. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (mesoscale meteorology; ocean-atmosphere interactions) · Oceanography (numerical modeling)

scholarly journals On the Interaction between Sea Breeze and Summer Mistral at the Exit of the Rhône Valley

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 1647-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Bastin ◽  
Philippe Drobinski ◽  
Vincent Guénard ◽  
Jean-Luc Caccia ◽  
Bernard Campistron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Northerly Wind ◽  
Local Topography ◽  
Regional Air Quality ◽  
Western Side ◽  
Pollution Atmosphérique ◽  
Rhone Valley ◽  
Mesoscale Simulations

Abstract The three-dimensional structure and dynamics of the combination of the sea breeze and the mistral at the Rhône Valley exit, in southeastern France, have been investigated experimentally and numerically on 22 June 2001. The mistral refers to a severe northerly wind that develops along the Rhône Valley. The exit of this valley is located near the Mediterranean Sea where sea-breeze circulation often develops. The sea breeze and the mistral coexist this day because of the weakness of this mistral event. The event was documented in the framework of the Expérience sur Site pour Contraindre les Modèles de Pollution Atmosphérique et de Transport d'Emissions (ESCOMPTE) field experiment. Several important data sources are used (airborne Doppler lidar, UHF wind profilers, radiosoundings, and surface stations) as well as nonhydrostatic mesoscale simulations. This paper examines the various mechanisms that drive the time and spatial variability of the mistral and the sea breeze in various regions of the Rhône Valley. In the morning, the sea breeze penetrates inland near the western side of the Rhône Valley then moves back because of the reinforcement of the mistral flow caused by the deepening of the leeward surface low due to convection at noon. At midday, the sea breeze penetrates inland in the middle of the Rhône Valley only. In contrast to pure sea-breeze episodes when the sea breeze can extend inland over a horizontal range of more than 150 km, the presence of the mistral prevents the sea breeze from penetrating more than 40 km onshore. In the late afternoon, the sea breeze reaches the eastern side of the Rhône Valley but over a smaller horizontal range because of higher local topography and because the mistral is more intense in this part of the Rhône Valley. The situations of sea-breeze–mistral interactions can have a severe impact on regional air quality. Indeed, the southerly sea breeze, which advects toward the countryside the pollutants emitted from the large coastal city of Marseille, France, and its industrialized suburbs, cannot penetrate far inland because of the mistral blowing in the opposite direction. This leads to the stagnation of the pollutants near the area of emission that is also the most densely inhabited area of the region (over one million inhabitants).

scholarly journals Variability of three-dimensional sea breeze structure in southern France: observations and evaluation of empirical scaling laws

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1783-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Drobinski ◽  
S. Bastin ◽  
A. Dabas ◽  
P. Delville ◽  
O. Reitebuch
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Doppler Lidar ◽  
Breeze Circulation ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Surface Station ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Sea-breeze dynamics in southern France is investigated using an airborne Doppler lidar, a meteorological surface station network and radiosoundings, in the framework of the ESCOMPTE experiment conducted during summer 2001 in order to evaluate the role of thermal circulations on pollutant transport and ventilation. The airborne Doppler lidar WIND contributed to three-dimensional (3-D) mapping of the sea breeze circulation in an unprecedented way. The data allow access to the onshore and offshore sea breeze extents (xsb), and to the sea breeze depth (zsb) and intensity (usb). They also show that the return flow of the sea breeze circulation is very seldom seen in this area due to (i) the presence of a systematic non zero background wind, and (ii) the 3-D structure of the sea breeze caused by the complex coastline shape and topography. A thorough analysis is conducted on the impact of the two main valleys (Rhône and Durance valleys) affecting the sea breeze circulation in the area. Finally, this dataset also allows an evaluation of the existing scaling laws used to derive the sea breeze intensity, depth and horizontal extent. The main results of this study are that (i) latitude, cumulative heating and surface friction are key parameters of the sea breeze dynamics; (ii) in presence of strong synoptic flow, all scaling laws fail in predicting the sea breeze characteristics (the sea breeze depth, however being the most accurately predicted); and (iii) the ratio zsb/usb is approximately constant in the sea breeze flow.

scholarly journals Sensitivity studies on the air flow characteristics In Kharagpur using a meso-scale model

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
D LOHAR ◽  
B CHAKRAVARTY ◽  
B. Pal
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Sea Breezes ◽  
Differential Heating ◽  
South West

  A three-dimensional hydrostatic model has been employed for the study of sea breeze circulations over south West Bengal with special reference to an inland station Kharagpur (22°.21' N, 87° 19'E). A series of sensitivity experiments have been performed to stress the Importance of differential heating on circulation over south West Bengal during pre-monsoon period. It is found that due to differential heating rate between land and sea surfaces, sea breezes can penetrate to the inland station Kharagpur and beyond even in case of moderate gradient wind. Surface observations at Kharagpur and pilot balloon observation at nearby station Kalaikunda are used to compare the model results. The onset of sea breezes, variation of the air temperature and humidity are In fairly good agreement whereas It over estimates the depth of the circulation and cannot predict the variation  of the late morning hours surface wind.

An Analytical Solution for Three-Dimensional Sea–Land Breeze

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
YaoKun Li ◽  
JiPing Chao
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Horizontal Distribution ◽  
Land Breeze ◽  
Island Size ◽  
Surface Temperature Distribution ◽  
Vertical Level

Abstract Based on the hydrostatic, incompressible Boussinesq equations in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), the three-dimensional sea–land breeze (SLB) circulation has been elegantly expressed as functions of the surface temperature distribution. The horizontal distribution of the horizontal or vertical motion is determined by the first or second derivative of the surface temperature distribution. For symmetric land–sea and temperature distribution, the full strength of the sea breeze occurs inland but not at the coastline, and the maximum updraft associates with the heating center. Setting the temperature difference between land and sea (TDLS), which varies with the island size, there would exist an optimal island size corresponding to the strongest SLB circulation that weakens with both a larger and smaller island size. Each velocity component approaches a peak at a certain vertical level. Both the peak value and the corresponding vertical level link with the vertical scale of the surface temperature: the more significant the influence of the surface temperature vertically, the stronger the SLB circulation at a higher vertical level it induces. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model's ideal simulation for the two-dimensional sea breeze is applied to verify the theory. Two cases, land breeze and sea breeze, further support the theory's results despite a certain slight discrepancy due to the highly simplified theoretical equations.

Simulated Urban Climate Response to Modifications in Surface Albedo and Vegetative Cover

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1694-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Sailor
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Surface Characteristic ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Urban Energy

Abstract Three-dimensional meteorological simulations have been conducted to investigate the potential impact of urban surface characteristic modifications on local climate. Results for a base case simulation for the Los Angeles basin are compared to results from cases in which urban albedo or vegetative cover are increased. The methodology for determining the distribution and magnitude of these simulated surface modifications is presented. Increasing albedo over downtown Los Angeles by 0.14 and over the entire basin by an average of 0.08 decreased peak summertime temperatures by as much as 1.5°C. This level of albedo augmentation also lowered boundary layer heights by more than 50 m and reduced the magnitude and penetration of the sea breeze. A second simulation, in which vegetative cover was increased, showed qualitatively similar impacts. The results from these simulations indicate a potential to reduce urban energy demand and atmospheric pollution by 5%–10% through application of reasonable surface modification strategies.

A Numerical Study of Sea-Breeze-Driven Ocean Poincare Wave Propagation and Mixing near the Critical Latitude

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqian Zhang ◽  
David C. Smith ◽  
Steven F. DiMarco ◽  
Robert D. Hetland
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Ocean Response ◽  
Oceanic Response ◽  
Poincare Waves ◽  
Critical Latitude

Abstract Near the vicinity of 30° latitude, the coincidence of the period of sea breeze and the inertial period of the ocean leads to a maximum near-inertial ocean response to sea breeze. This produces a propagating inertial internal (Poincare) wave response that transfers energy laterally away from the coast and provides significant vertical mixing. In this paper, the latitudinal dependence of this wave propagation and its associated vertical mixing are investigated primarily using a nonlinear numerical ocean model. Three-dimensional idealized simulations show that the coastal oceanic response to sea breeze is trapped poleward of 30° latitude; however, it can propagate offshore as Poincare waves equatorward of 30° latitude. Near 30° latitude, the maximum oceanic response to sea breeze moves offshore slowly because of the near-zero group speed of Poincare waves at this latitude. The lateral energy flux convergence plus the energy input from the wind is maximum near the critical latitude, leading to increased local dissipation by vertical mixing. This local dissipation is greatly reduced at other latitudes. The implications of these results for the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) at ∼30°N is considered. Simulations with realistic bathymetry of the GOM confirm that a basinwide ocean response to coastal sea-breeze forcing is established in form of Poincare waves. Enhanced vertical mixing by the sea breeze is shown on the model northern shelf, consistent with observations on the Texas–Louisiana shelf. Comparison of the three-dimensional and one-dimensional models shows some significant limitations of one-dimensional simplified models for sea-breeze simulations near the critical latitude.

Airborne Doppler Lidar Measurements of Valley Flows in Complex Coastal Terrain

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1558-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. J. De Wekker ◽  
K. S. Godwin ◽  
G. D. Emmitt ◽  
S. Greco
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Doppler Lidar ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Thermally Driven ◽  
Salinas Valley

AbstractThree-dimensional winds obtained with an airborne Doppler lidar are used to investigate the spatial structure of topographically driven flows in complex coastal terrain in Southern California. The airborne Doppler lidar collected four hours of data between the surface and 3000 m MSL along a 40-km segment of the Salinas Valley during the afternoon of 12 November 2007. The airborne lidar measurements, obtained at horizontal and vertical resolutions of approximately 1500 and 50 m, respectively, reveal a detailed spatial structure of the atmospheric flows within the valley and their associated aerosol features. Clear skies prevailed on the flight day with northwesterly synoptic flows around 10 m s−1. The data document a shallow sea breeze making a transition into an upvalley flow in the Salinas Valley that accelerates in the upvalley direction. Along with the acceleration of the upvalley wind, the lidar data indicate the presence of enhanced sinking motions. No return flows associated with the sea-breeze or upvalley flows are observed. While synoptic flows are aligned along the valley axis in the upvalley direction, lidar data indicate the presence of a northerly cross-valley flow around the height of the surrounding ridges. This flow intrudes into the valley atmosphere and induces, along with thermally driven slope flows on the sunlit valley sidewall, a cross-valley circulation that causes an asymmetric distribution of the aerosols. This study demonstrates the large potential of airborne Doppler lidar data in describing flows in complex terrain.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of sea breeze in south Andamans

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
S.C. Kar ◽  
N. Ramanathan
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Land Breeze ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Turbulent Heat Fluxes ◽  
South Andaman ◽  
Meso Scale

The air flow over the south Andaman island is simulated using a three dimensional numerical meso-scale model. Port Blair observations are used as initial data. The surface orography, soil moisture soil albedo variations and vegetations effects are included in the model. The combined effect of these factors on the development of sea/land breeze circulations is obtained quantitatively. The model simulated results are compared with the available observations. The principal results obtained are : (1) The meso-scale circulations induced by the differential heating of the island were intensified by topography. (2) The ground vegetative cover trans- port higher amount of turbulent heat fluxes: to the atmosphere and the meso-circulations appeared with higher intensities. (3) If we Include the lateral variations of flux with topographic and coastal asymmetries the induced meso-scale circulations appeared with different intensities along meridional direction and the inland penetration distances varied in y direction. The maximum Inland penetration of sea breeze was seen, where the inland was widest and terrain height was maximum. Stronger sea breeze was simulated over the central/northern parts of the island.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document