Lung Cancer Cachexia

1983 ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowan T. Chlebowski ◽  
David Heber ◽  
Jerome B. Block
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cachexia

scholarly journals Lung Cancer Cachexia: Can Molecular Understanding Guide Clinical Management?

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1000-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Abnormal Metabolism

Cachexia has been recognized for a long time as an adverse effect of cancer. It is associated with reduced physical function, reduced tolerance to anticancer therapy, and reduced survival. This wasting syndrome is mainly known for an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle leading to progressive functional impairment and is driven by a variable combination of reduced food intake and abnormal metabolism. Cytokines derived from host immune system or the tumor itself is believed to play a role in promoting cancer cachexia. Circulating levels of cytokines, including IL-1α, IL-6, and TNFα have been identified in cancer patients but they probably only represent a small part of a changed and abnormal metabolism. Murine models have shown that browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) takes place early in the progression of cancer cachexia. Thus, browning of white adipose tissue is believed to be a strong contributor to the increased energy expenditure common in cachectic patients. Despite the severe implications of cancer cachexia for the patients and extensive research efforts, a more coherent and mechanistic explanation of the syndrome is lacking, and for many clinicians, cancer cachexia is still a vague concept. From a lung cancer perspective this commentary reviews the current knowledge on cancer cachexia mechanisms and identifies specific ways of clinical management regarding food intake, systemic inflammation, and muscular dysfunction. Much of what we know comes from preclinical studies. More translational research is needed for a future cancer cachexia screening tool to guide clinicians, and here possible variables for a cancer cachexia screening tool are considered.

Impact of Cancer Cachexia on Treatment With PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Plus Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taichi Miyawaki ◽  
Tateaki Naito ◽  
Michitoshi Yabe ◽  
Hiroaki Kodama ◽  
Naoya Nishioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Advanced Nsclc ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
The Impact

Abstract PurposeProgrammed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors plus chemotherapy has become the standard first-line treatment in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, few studies have explicitly focused on the impact of cancer cachexia on the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy. Thus, we evaluated the clinical implications of cancer cachexia on the survival outcomes in patients who received this treatment.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of medical records of patients with advanced NSCLC treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy from December 2018 to December 2020. Cancer cachexia was diagnosed as an unintentional weight loss of 5% or more over six months. We evaluated the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with or without cancer cachexia who received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy.ResultsAmong the 80 included patients, 37 (46%) had cancer cachexia. Cachectic patients had a lower objective response rate (30 vs 51%, P <0.05), poorer PFS (2.3 vs 12.0 months, P <0.05), and poorer OS (10.8 vs 23.9 months, P <0.05) than non-cachectic patients. The Cox proportional-hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of cancer cachexia were 1.77 (1.01–3.10) for PFS and 2.90 (1.40–6.00) for OS, with adjustments for Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, PD-L1 tumour proportion score, histology, and central nervous system metastases. ConclusionPre-treatment cancer cachexia may reduce treatment efficacy and shorten survival time in patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy. Early evaluation and intervention for cancer cachexia might improve oncological outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC.

scholarly journals Identification of microRNAs in skeletal muscle associated with lung cancer cachexia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 452-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter R.P.H. Worp ◽  
Annemie M.W.J. Schols ◽  
Anne‐Marie C. Dingemans ◽  
Céline M.H. Op den Kamp ◽  
Juliette H.R.J. Degens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cancer Cachexia

scholarly journals 340P Omega-3 fatty acids for cancer cachexia in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. S1373
Author(s):  
A.V. Chua ◽  
A.R.B. Hernandez ◽  
M.J.L. Mendoza ◽  
M.D. San Juan
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Small Cell Lung

Interactions of lung cancer with adipose and muscle tissue in the development of cancer cachexia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Frille ◽  
Nicolas Linder ◽  
Johanna Pappisch ◽  
Teresa Kerkhoff ◽  
Jonas Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Cancer Cachexia

Survival in veterans with lung cancer: Cancer cachexia and the importance of weight.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e20608-e20608
Author(s):  
Sheetal Malhotra ◽  
Kan Huang ◽  
Kosana Simeunovic ◽  
Ravi Vinnakota ◽  
Tatjana Gavrancic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cachexia

Impact of socioeconomic status on pretreatment cachexia and survival in non-small cell lung cancer.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (31_suppl) ◽  
pp. 101-101
Author(s):  
Steven Lau ◽  
Bhavani S Gannavarapu ◽  
Kristen Carter ◽  
Ang Gao ◽  
Chul Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Insurance Status ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Pre Treatment

101 Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) influences healthcare outcomes, but the influence of SES on cancer cachexia is unknown. We identify components of SES associated with pre-treatment cachexia in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and assess their prognostic significance on survival. Methods: A prospectively maintained institutional tumor registry identified 1,365 patients with NSCLC consecutively treated at a tertiary care health system from 1/1/06 to 12/31/13. Insurance status was abstracted from the registry. Educational attainment and household income were estimated from census data using location of primary residence. Cancer cachexia was defined retrospectively using the international consensus definition. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify prognostic factors of pre-treatment cancer cachexia and survival. Results: Cachexia was present at the time of NSCLC diagnosis in 30% of all patients including 17% of patients with stage I disease. Patients with Medicaid or no insurance were more likely to have pre-treatment cachexia compared to those with private insurance (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.9, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.2-3.1; OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-3.4, respectively). Attainment of a high school diploma was inversely associated with pre-treatment cachexia (OR: 0.1, 95% CI 0.02-0.2). On multivariable analysis, comorbidity, histology, tumor grade, and disease stage were prognostic of survival among cachectic patients; however, insurance status, educational attainment, and household income were not. Conclusions: Lower SES is associated with pre-treatment cachexia in patients with NSCLC, but pre-treatment cachexia is detrimental to survival regardless of SES. Together, these findings suggest early intervention for patients with cancer cachexia may improve outcomes.

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