Phenotypes of Liver Diseases in Infants, Children, and Adolescents

2013 ◽  
pp. 107-131
Author(s):  
Simon Horslen
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Liver Diseases

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C infection markers among children and adolescents in the southern Brazilian region

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa do Livramento ◽  
Caio Mauricio Mendes de Cordova ◽  
Celso Spada ◽  
Arício Treitinger
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Serological Markers ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Serologic Markers ◽  
Infection Markers

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections account for a substantial proportion of liver diseases worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV serological markers among children and adolescents and verify the epidemiology of the HBV infection over than a decade of the introduction of vaccination program. Serologic markers to HBsAg, total anti-HBc and anti-HCV had been tested in 393 samples. The seropositivity for HBsAg was 0.76% and for total anti-HBc was 1.02%. Copositivity between HBsAg and total anti-HBc was verified in 0.76% of the analyzed samples. There was no seropositivity for anti-HCV marker. The seroprevalence of HBV infection markers among children and adolescents in the southern Brazilian region is high compared to that reported in other countries. Preventive measures, such as educational activities in addition to the universal childhood HBV vaccination, should be initiated in order to reduce the morbimortality and the economic burden associated with the disease.

scholarly journals Microbiocenoses and the State of Local Mucosal Immunity of the Oral Cavity of Children and Adolescents with Liver Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 316-321
Author(s):  
O. V. Khmil ◽  
◽  
D. O. Khmil ◽  
L. F. Kaskova ◽  
O. V. Silkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
The State ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Local Immunity

The purpose of the study was to study the relationship between the state of the oral cavity microbiocenosis and the level of local immunity in children and adolescents with chronic liver diseases. Materials and methods. 45 children aged 10 to 16 years, who were treated in the public utility "City Children's Clinical Dental Hospital of the Poltava City Council" were examined. All children were divided into 2 groups: the main group – children and adolescents with chronic hepatitis (n = 26) with diseases of concomitant oral mucosa and periodontal disease; control group – children of the same age without concomitant somatic pathology (n = 20). In all observation groups, the state of oral hygiene was recorded using the simplified oral hygiene index (Green-Vermillion, 1964) and the intensity of the inflammatory process in the periodontal tissues, which was assessed by the papillary-marginal-alveolar index modified by Parma (1960). The degree of dysbiosis in the oral cavity was determined using the enzymatic method of A. P. Levitsky by the ratio of the relative activity of urease and lysozyme. The state of local immunity was investigated by the level of immunoglobulins IgA, IgM, IgG and secretory immunoglobulin sIgA. Results and discussion. It was found that the majority of patients with chronic hepatitis had an unsatisfactory and even poor state of oral hygiene, according to the Green-Vermillion simplified oral hygiene index, in combination with moderate and severe gingivitis (according to the papillary-marginal-alveolar index). The most negative results were registered in children 9-13 years old. The effect of the low level of oral hygiene in children and adolescents with chronic liver diseases, which is accompanied by increased dysbiosis, was studied, which indicates a drop in the level of antimicrobial protection, suppression of local mucosal immunity, a decrease in lysozyme activity and a decrease in the content of secretory sIgA in the oral fluid. The mediated mechanism of sIgA action through the phagocyte activation system with subsequent lysis of pathogenic microorganisms is considered. Conclusion. Chronic liver diseases reliably lead to changes in the body's immunobiological reactivity, and also cause suppression of the protective mechanisms of the oral cavity and its local immunity, characterized by a decrease in the activity of lysozyme and secretory IgA in the oral fluid of sick children and adolescents

scholarly journals Respiratory muscle strength and exercise capacity of children and adolescents with chronic liver diseases Exercise capacity in liver disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-326
Author(s):  
Michelli Christina Magalhães Novais ◽  
Mansueto Gomes Neto ◽  
Yuri Da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Tatiane De Souza Pereira ◽  
Suzana Souza Moreira de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases

Introdution: Chronic liver diseases are characterized by inflammatory and fibrotic lesions of the liver that cause systemic complications. These complications can negatively interfere with the respiratory muscle strength and exercise capacity of developing children and adolescents. Objectives: To compare respiratory muscle strength and exercise capacity in children and adolescents with chronic hepatopathy, using reference values from healthy individuals of the same age. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. Children and adolescents from 6 to 16 years old with chronic hepatopathies were included. For the evaluation of respiratory muscle strength, the maximal respiratory pressures were measured through manovacuometry. A six-minute walk test was used to assess exercise capacity. The Wilcoxon test was used to verify the difference between the evaluated and predicted values of the distance traveled. Results: In total, 40 subjects were analyzed; 57.5% of the subjects were female, and the subjects had a mean age of 11.68±2.82 years. In the comparison between the measured and predicted maximal respiratory pressures, a difference of -17.71 cmH2O (p< 0.001) was found for the maximal inspiratory pressure, and a difference of -30.68 cmH2O (p< 0.001) was found for the maximal expiratory pressure. Regarding exercise capacity, the measured average distance traveled was 346.46±49.21 m, which was 185.54m (p< 0.001) less than the predicted value. Conclusions: Children and adolescents with chronic liver disease have reduced respiratory muscle function and exercise capacity.

Blastomyces in pathological lesions on oral mucous membrane in children and adolescents after transplant and with kidney or liver diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 676-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk ◽  
Dariusz Gozdowski ◽  
Ryszard Grenda ◽  
Joanna Pawłowska ◽  
Renata Górska
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Pathological Lesions ◽  
Oral Mucous Membrane

scholarly journals Comparison of three ultrasound based elastographic techniques in children and adolescents with chronic diffuse liver diseases.

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Belei ◽  
Ioan Sporea ◽  
Oana Gradinaru-Tascau ◽  
Laura Olariu ◽  
Alina Popescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Correlation Factor ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Non-invasive techniques for liver fibrosis assessment were developed for adults and recent researches tested their accuracy in children. The only validated elastographic method for non-invasive liver fibrosis evaluation in children is Transient Elastography (TE). The aim of our study was to investigate the feasibility of liver stiffness (LS) measurement in paediatric patients with chronic liver diseases by means of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Elastography (ARFI) and 2D-Shear Wave Elastography (2D-SWE), compared to TE as reference method. Material and methods: We enrolled 54 consecutive children and adolescents with different chronic liver diseases. All patients were examined by means of TE, ARFI, and 2D-SWE. All measurements were performed in the right liver lobe, in the same session, in fasting condition. We considered reliable LS elastographic measurements as follows: for TE and ARFI - the median value of ten measurements with a success rate≥60% and an interquartile range<30%, for 2D-SWE - the median value of five measurements. Results: The successful measurement rate for TE was 94.4% (51/54). Taking TE as a reference method, sensitivity of ARFI for detecting fibrosis F1 was 71.42%, for F2-77.77%, for F3-62.5% and for F4-71.42%. Sensitivity of 2D-SWE for detecting F1 was 92.85%, for F2-83.33%, for F3-87.5% and for F4-85.71%. We found  significant correlations between TE and 2D-SWE on the entire lot (Kappa correlation factor=0.843, p=0.001). Analyzing the subgroup with SR=60%-70%, we did not find significant correlation between TE and ARFI (Kappa correlation factor=0.172, p=0.452). Assessing the subgroup with SR>70%, we found a significant correlation between TE and ARFI (Kappa correlation factor=0.761, p=0.001). Conclusions: Overall, 2D-SWE correlate better with TE compared to ARFI in children. Excluding patients with less satisfactory technical parameters, we obtained significant correlations between all three methods. Both SWE and ARFI are non-invasive techniques feasible of performing  on paediatric patients along with TE.

scholarly journals NEUROPSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH LIVER DISEASES: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Costa SANTOS ◽  
Micheli Bernardone SAQUETTO ◽  
Mansueto GOMES NETO ◽  
Josiane de Lima dos SANTOS ◽  
Luciana Rodrigues SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The nature of liver disease, the evolutionary course and duration of liver diseases, as well as the degree of severity and disability can trigger multiple outcomes with repercussions on neuromotor acquisition and development. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of liver disease on the neuropsychomotor development of children and adolescents with their native livers and those who underwent liver transplantation. METHODS: Observational studies published since the early 1980s until June 2019 were sought in the PubMed and Scopus databases. An α value of 0.05 was considered significant. The statistical heterogeneity of the treatment effect between the studies was assessed by the Cochran’s Q test and the I2 inconsistency test, in which values above 25 and 50% were considered indicative of moderate and high heterogeneity, respectively. Analyses were performed with Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies met the eligibility criteria, including 909 children and adolescents with liver disease. Meta-analyses showed deficits in total IQ -0.41 (95%CI: -0.51 to -0.32; N: 9,973), verbal IQ -0.38 (95%CI: -0.57 to -0.18; N: 10,284) and receptive language -0.85 (95%CI: -1.16 to -0.53; N: 921) in liver transplantation, and those with native livers who had symptoms early had total and verbal IQ scores (85±8.8; 86.3±10.6 respectively) lower than the scores of those with late manifestations (99.5±13.8; 96.2±9.2). Gross motor skill was reduced -46.29 (95%CI: -81.55 to -11.03; N: 3,746). CONCLUSION: Acute or chronic liver disease can cause declines in cognitive, motor and language functions. Although the scores improve after liver transplantation, children remain below average when compared to healthy children.

The miR-21 potential of serving as a biomarker for liver diseases in clinical practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 2295-2305
Author(s):  
Jiawei Zhang ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Rongxue Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Hepatic Disease ◽  
Noninvasive Detection ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Disease Condition ◽  
Complex Regulatory Network

The role of miR-21 in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases, together with the possibility of detecting microRNA in the circulation, makes miR-21 a potential biomarker for noninvasive detection. In this review, we summarize the potential utility of extracellular miR-21 in the clinical management of hepatic disease patients and compared it with the current clinical practice. MiR-21 shows screening and prognostic value for liver cancer. In liver cirrhosis, miR-21 may serve as a biomarker for the differentiating diagnosis and prognosis. MiR-21 is also a potential biomarker for the severity of hepatitis. We elucidate the disease condition under which miR-21 testing can reach the expected performance. Though miR-21 is a key regulator of liver diseases, microRNAs coordinate with each other in the complex regulatory network. As a result, the performance of miR-21 is better when combined with other microRNAs or classical biomarkers under certain clinical circumstances.

Analyzing the Potential Benefit of Microcomputer Use for Teaching Figurative Language

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn A. Nippold ◽  
Ilsa E. Schwarz ◽  
Molly Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Language Intervention ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Language Learning Disabilities ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
Experience Difficulty

Microcomputers offer the potential for increasing the effectiveness of language intervention for school-age children and adolescents who have language-learning disabilities. One promising application is in the treatment of students who experience difficulty comprehending figurative expressions, an aspect of language that occurs frequently in both spoken and written contexts. Although software is available to teach figurative language to children and adolescents, it is our feeling that improvements are needed in the existing programs. Software should be reviewed carefully before it is used with students, just as standardized tests and other clinical and educational materials are routinely scrutinized before use. In this article, four microcomputer programs are described and evaluated. Suggestions are then offered for the development of new types of software to teach figurative language.

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