Ethnoarchaeological and Historical Methods

2014 ◽  
pp. 193-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Iles ◽  
S. Terry Childs
Keyword(s):  
Historical Methods

Sasak People’s Resistance Against Mataram-Karangasem and Dutch Colonial Rulers: The Role of Tuan Guru Umar Kelayu

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
Ahmad Tohri ◽  
H. Habibuddin ◽  
Abdul Rasyad
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Dutch Colonial ◽  
Dutch Colonialism

This article discusses the Sasak people’s resistance against MataramKarangasem and Dutch colonial rulers in the 19th century in Lombok, Indonesia. It particularly focuses on Tuan Guru Umar Kelayu and his central role in the emergence of Sasak people’s resistance which transformed into Sasak physical revolution local and global imperialismcolonialism. Using the historical method, this article collected data through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data analysis involved the historical methods of heuristics, verification or criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The findings show that Sasak people’s resistance was not only caused by economic factors but also related to other factors such as social, cultural, and religious ones. Tuan Guru Umar Kelayu played a key role in the Sasak people’s resistance in that it was under his leadership and influence that the resistance transformed into a physical struggle against MataramKarangasem and Dutch colonialism as seen in Sakra War and Praya War which were led by his students and friends.

Arabesques, Unicorns, and Invisible Masters: The Art Historian’s Gaze as Symptomatic Action?

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-232
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Troelenberg
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Islamic Art ◽  
Methodological Development ◽  
World War ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Second World

This essay takes two seminal texts of mid-twentieth-century Islamic art history as case studies for the methodological development of the scholarly gaze in the aftermath of the Second World War. Ernst Kühnel’s Die Arabeske (Wiesbaden, 1949) testifies to the continuity of a taxonomic history of styles, rooted in phenomenologist Sachforschung and apparently adaptable to shifting ideological paradigms. Richard Ettinghausen’s The Unicorn (Washington, 1950) stands for a neo-humanist approach. Its negotiation of aesthetic and cultural difference clearly is to be considered against the background of the experience of exile, but also of the rising tide of democratic humanism characteristic for postwar American humanities. Both examples together offer a comparative perspective on the agencies of art historical methods and their ideological and epistemological promises and pitfalls in dealing with aesthetic difference. Consequently, this essay also seeks to contribute exemplary insights into the immediate prehistory of the so-called “Global Turn” in art history. 


Late Glacial, Early Holocene and Late Holocene life at the interface of a distinct landscape — relationship of humans and environments in the Sub-Carpathian region (N Hungary)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Bácsmegi ◽  
Pál Sümegi ◽  
Tünde Törőcsik
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Historical Methods

AbstractRelationships between the communities and environment surrounding these communities can be disclosed by the application of different archeological, geological and environmental historical methods. This includes the deployment of numerous tools in scientific investigation including the application of chronological, sedimentological, geochemical and paleoecological analytical methods on sequences accumulated in historical catchment basins of peat-bog. The Nádas-tó at Nagybárkány is a small peatbog in the northern part of Hungary, on the Sub-Carpathian region. The formation of the lake can be traced back to the Late Glacial period. The sediments deposited in the lakebed provide a record of climatic and hydrologic changes. A higher water level could be demonstrated from the Late Glacial to the Mid-Holocene, when the reed-beds covered a small area only. This was followed by a hiatus spanning ca. 4400 years, caused by the deepening and cleaning of the lakebed during the Late Iron / Imperial Age, between 2100 - 1900 cal BP years. After this change the water level decreased and the water quality was more eutrophic. A reed-bed evolved around the lake. Paludification started with a bulrush floating mat phase at the close of the Middle Age, ca. 1500 cal AD years. The endowments and settlement pattern persisted from the Neolithic onwards until the terminal Modern Age, when measures aimed to ordain the area substantially altered the natural landscape. Although some anthropogenic disturbances can be reconstructed in the development of the peatland, some climatic effects and authogenic processes might be separated by paleoecological analyses.

scholarly journals Introduction

Modern Italy ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Stephen Gundle ◽  
Lucy Riall
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Charismatic Leadership ◽  
Local History ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Popular Narrative ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Collective Movements ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Scholarly Attention

In recent decades historiography has moved decisively away from the highly personalized treatments of past events which were once favoured. Not ‘great men’ but ‘labouring men’, collective movements, political forces, social and economic development, women's and local history have been the focus of attention. Nowadays, the problem of political leadership is considered primarily in institutional terms, and the emphasis given to personality has correspondingly diminished. With very few exceptions, biography has been relegated to the level of popular narrative. To raise the question of charisma in these circumstances is almost to violate a taboo, to address an embarrassing topic unworthy of scholarly attention. With the exception of the mainly theoretical work of Luciano Cavalli on the origins and permutations of charisma, there have been no sustained attempts to examine comparatively the various cases of charismatic leadership that Italian political life has produced. Thus, partly because charisma has been abandoned as a scholarly topic, it can appear inexplicable, inaccessible to the historical methods used for the study of social and political structures.

Comparative historical methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-402
Author(s):  
Tanya Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Historical Methods

ТOPONYMIC RELICTS IN VORONEZH SURNAMES

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Л.Н. Верховых
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
The South ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Historical Methods

В статье рассматриваются фамилии жителей ряда сел Воронежской области, восходящие к топонимам и катойконимам. Материалом исследования послужили более 1300 антропонимических единиц в синхронии и 275 в диахронии (по данным ревизских сказок 1816 года). Целью данной статьи является установление различных видов топонимических реликтов в воронежских фамилиях (на примере ряда сел Поворинского, Новохоперского, Таловского районов Воронежской области) с использованием описательного и сравнительно-исторического методов. В результате исследования с лексико-семантической точки зрения выделены следующие типы топонимических реликтов: 1) топонимические реликты, восходящие к разновидностям топонимов - ойконимам (собственным именам поселений); 2) топонимические реликты, восходящие к катойконимам - оттопонимным образованиям (нарицательным именованием жителей по названию места жительства); 3) топонимические реликты, восходящие к гидронимам - собственным наименованиям водных объектов. Топонимическую основу имеют 2,5% от общего числа рассмотренных антропонимов. Анализ сохранившихся в фамилиях топонимических реликтов, классифицированных в соответствии с основами онимов, позволяет сделать вывод о том, что в Воронежский край переселялись жители из разных областей Центральной России, с юга России - Ростовского края, Белоруссии, а также с Украины, что подтверждают и исторические документы. The article deals with the surnames of a number of villages in Voronezh region that go back to toponyms and kataikonyms. We have used more than 1300 anthroponymic units in synchrony and 275 indiachrony (according to the revision lists of 1816) as the research material. The purpose of this article is to establish various types of toponymic relicts in Voronezh surnames (exemplified by a number of villages of Povorinsky, Novokhopersky, Talovsky districts of the Voronezh region) using descriptive and comparative historical methods. As a result of the study, we have identified the following types of toponymic relicts from lexical and semantic pointы of view: 1) toponymic relicts dating back to the varieties of toponyms - oikonyms (proper names of settlements); 2) toponymic relicts dating back to katoikonyms - toponym formations (common names of people derived from the name of the residence place); 3) toponymic relicts dating back to hydronyms - proper names of water bodies. 2.5% of the total number of considered anthroponyms have a toponymic basis. Ananalysis of the toponymic relicts preserved in the surnames, classified in accordance with the basics of onyms, allow us to conclude that residents from different regions of Central Russia, from the South of Russia - the Rostov region, Belarus, as well as from Ukraine moved to the Voronezh region, which is also confirmed by historical documents.

Eliminating Racism

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-202
Author(s):  
Clement Chimezie Igbokwe ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Martin Luther ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Main Thrust ◽  
Coordinated Action ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Martin Luther King

Slavery and slave trade gave birth to racism and society has been struggling towards its prevention and possible elimination with little success. Martin Luther King Jr wrote in his letter from the Birmingham jail: “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny.” Until this undeniable fact is understood and emphasized our contemporary society is heading towards a state of an uncontrollable wildfire of anarchy. It is obvious that all fingers are not equal but that does not negate the fact that all men irrespective of colour or race are created equal—configured with brain, flesh, water, and blood. Racial discrimination is a moral and systemic sin that must be confronted and vehemently condemned. The main thrust of this paper is to expose various forms of racial discrimination ravaging the contemporary society with a view to postulating ideas geared towards its prevention and possible elimination. Relying on observational and historical methods, relevant data required will be elicited. The paper identified among other things that racism is resurging in the 21st century to a threatening dimension that if a coordinated action is not urgently taken, it will result into an uncontrollable wildfire of anarchy. The researcher therefore recommends the need to reemphasize respect and tolerance for all humanity.

scholarly journals Fundamental Study of the Legendary Bibliophile Edition

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-661
Author(s):  
Alexander Y. Samarin
Keyword(s):  
Book Publishing ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
National Union ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Library ◽  
Design Options ◽  
Historical Methods

The article presents the analysis of the new book of the famous bibliophile, researcher and populariser of rare books and bibliophilism, the Chairman of the National Union of Bibliophiles M.V. Seslavinsky about the history of creation, specific aspects of publishing and art design of the famous bibliophilic edition “Cantata” by A.A. Sidorov (Moscow, 1921). Comic verses of the future famous bibliologist and art critic, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR became the text for the first edition of the Russian society of the friends of books (1920—1929), the largest Association of booklovers of the 1920s. Two small runs totalled only 20 copies. The study is based primarily on the copies of “Cantata” preserved in the state collections (the Russian State Library, the State Tretyakov Gallery) and private collections, including the M.V. Seslavinsky’s one. The discovery of new documents on the history of the publication allowed restoring the list of owners of the autographed copies. Using the copy-by-copy method, the researcher succeeded in describing the numerous design options of the rarity of bibliophile publishing. The use of art-historical methods allowed to finally establish that the prototype for the image on the engraving “Bibliophile in 1920” (artist N.B. Baklanov, engraver I.N. Pavlov) was A.N. Benoit, the famous painter. The author introduces into circulation the handwritten poetic epistles of A.A. Sidorov to the owners of the autographed copies and other unique materials about preparation for printing, distribution and provenance of “Cantata”. In general, it can be concluded that M.V. Seslavinsky’s approaches to the analysis of “Cantata” can become basic in the study of bibliophile book as a special cultural phenomenon and trend in book publishing.

scholarly journals The Development of Cloth Industry in the Noble Households of the Middle Volga Region in Second Half of XIX Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-287
Author(s):  
Roman V. Fedoseev
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Transitional State ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Cloth Production ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Methods

Introduction. The development of the cloth industry in the noble farms of the Middle Volga region in second half of XIX centuries occurred under the conditions of active reform of the agricultural sector of the country’s economy, which predetermined significant difficulties for the local nobility, which received significant preferences in the implementation of commercial and industrial business in the pre-reform period. Materials and Methods. Statistical, problem-chronological, historical-systemic and comparative-historical methods allowed us to trace the changes that occurred during the study period in the cloth industry of the noble industry. Results. As a result of the study, the degree of prevalence of this industry and its share in the overall industry structure of each province of the studied region, as well as the reasons for the popularity of cloth production among the local nobility, were analyzed. The volumes of production based on the official statistics are shown. The factors that predetermined the crisis state of the industry after the abolition of serfdom are indicated. The main directions of development of this industry in the post-reform period are investigated. The factors of reducing the number of cloth factories in the noble estates and the reasons for their massive transition to the merchant estate are considered. On the example of one of the largest factories, the general structure of the woolen production of the corresponding period is investigated. A large number of specific examples of noble cloth factories are given, indicating their owners, the equipment available, the number of workers and the volume of production. Discussion and Conclusions. The conclusion is drawn about the transitional state of the noble cloth industry, which, despite the crisis phenomena of the second half of the 19th century, continued to play an important role in the economy of the noble households of this region.

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