Hindu–Muslim Fertility Differentials in India: Indirect Estimation at the District Level from Census 2011

This article estimates the total fertility rate (TFR) for the overall population in major Indian states by employing Arriaga variation of the P/F ratio method and the relational Gompertz model. The article uses the 2011 Census data on average parity and the current fertility schedule. Estimation of TFRs at the state level by employing Arriaga variation of the P/F ratio method strongly corresponds with Sample Registration System (SRS) compared to those derived from the relational Gompertz model. Thus, Arriaga variation of the P/F ratio method was retained to estimate the Hindu–Muslim fertility differentials for 618 districts in India from all states except Jammu and Kashmir. Comparing the TFRs obtained from the analyses with indirect estimates of TFRs from the 2001 Census, the analysis reveals that the overall fertility transition in India has been steady during the last decade. Fertility transition has been underway for both Hindus and Muslims, at a varying pace, when compared to the state-level indirect estimates of the 2001 Census. Though the overall convergence of fertility between Hindus and Muslims has been underway, significant regional variations persist.

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Demographic Projections for India: Past, Present and Future

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i3.31.18293 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3.31) ◽

pp. 174

Author(s):

R Subba Rao ◽

Y Jagannadhapuri ◽

K M. Ganes ◽

D V. Ramanamurthy

Keyword(s):

Census Data ◽

State Level ◽

Population Projections ◽

Registration System ◽

Demographic Projections ◽

New Information ◽

Human Fertility ◽

Sample Registration System ◽

The Impact ◽

Future Population

The growth or development of a country mainly depends on the present and future population scenario. Population projections help in the growth of the nation in various directions. Predicting the human fertility and mortality is very difficult, particularly when we are concentrating farther time. Various National, International and some individual demographers made projections for the entire nation and some parts of the country. The estimates of the population projections changes as and when new information added to the existing values. The perspective population growth and its impact were discussed by Visaria and Visaria, 1996 and noticed that population projections vary based on the parameters considered in their models. In our present work, by considering the 2001 India’s Census data, Registrar General (1996)[14], a new population projection of the country are estimated by allowing the age arrangement of the population. The mortality estimates of the whole country made by considering the impact of HIV / AIDS. Cohort component method was used for the projections from 2001 to 2051. Using the Sample Registration System (SRS) figures of 2001 census, state level figures are generated. Only two variants namely, average and high are used for making the population projections.

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Registration and medical certification of deaths in the Indian States: A comparative analysis of data of CRS and MCCD reports (2010-2019)

10.1101/2021.12.09.21267291 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anuj Kumar Pandey ◽

Diksha Gautam ◽

Benson Thomas M ◽

Yogita Kharakwal

Keyword(s):

Cause Of Death ◽

State Level ◽

Current Status ◽

Quality Of Data ◽

Indian States ◽

Registration System ◽

Civil Registration ◽

Registration Data ◽

Medical Certification

AbstractBackgroundThe medical certification of cause of death (MCCD) under Civil Registration System (CRS) has been implemented in the States/UTs in a phased manner to provide data on cause of death but due to incomplete coverage and inadequate quality of civil registration data and medically certified data system, use of this data has been compromised. The completeness of registration of death (CoRD) and completeness of medically certified deaths were assessed from 2010 to 2019 at state level to understand their current status and trend over time and also to identify gaps in data to improve data quality.MethodsCoRD and CoMeRD for each year for each state was calculated from the CRS reports and MCCD reports respectively for the period 2010-2019. Data were analyzed nationally as per geographical region and individual state. Union Territories excluding Delhi and Telangana have not been considered in this analysis.ResultsThe CoRD in India have increased in the CRS from 66.9% in 2010 to 92 percent in 2019, a significant increase of 37.7% over 9 years (P<0.001) whereas India has not witnessed a substantial increase in the CoMeRD in MCCD which has increased from 17.1% in 2010 to only 20.6% in 2019. Among the 29 States, 18 (62%) had CoRD >95 percent in 2019, with 15 states recording 100 percent of CoRD however just 3 states (10.3%) have CoMeRD more than 50% namely Goa (100%), Manipur (67.3%) and Delhi (61.7%).Interpretation & conclusionsDespite the significant progress made in CoRD in India, importance of medical certification cannot be undermined; critical differences between the States within the CRS and MCCD remain a cause of concern. Concentrated efforts to assess the strengths and weaknesses at the State level of the MCCD and CRS processes, quality of data and plausibility of information generated are needed in India.

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Geographic variation in personality is associated with fertility across the United States

Personality Science ◽

10.5964/ps.7275 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Eleanor J. Junkins ◽

Joseph E. Potter ◽

Peter J. Rentfrow ◽

Samuel D. Gosling ◽

Jeff Potter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Geographic Variation ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Voting Behavior ◽

State Level ◽

The United States ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Fertility Schedule ◽

Fertility Differentials ◽

The U.S

Levels of fertility and the shape of the age-specific fertility schedule vary substantially across U.S. regions with some states having peak fertility relatively early and others relatively late. Structural institutions or economic factors partly explain these heterogeneous patterns, but regional differences in personality might also contribute to regional differences in fertility. Here, we evaluated whether variation in extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience measured at the U.S. state-level was associated with the level, timing, and context of fertility across states above and beyond sociodemographics, voting behavior, and religiosity. Generally, states with higher levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness had more traditional fertility patterns, and states with higher levels of neuroticism and openness had more nontraditional fertility patterns, even after controlling for established correlates of fertility (r ~ |.50|). Personality is an overlooked correlate that can be leveraged to understand the existence and persistence of fertility differentials.

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Urban Commuters in Indian States and Cities: Modes of Transport and Distances

Urbanisation ◽

10.1177/2455747118816559 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 69-107

Author(s):

Shivakumar Nayka ◽

Kala Seetharam Sridhar

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Participation Rate ◽

State Level ◽

The State ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Workforce Participation ◽

Indian States ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Work Related

A strong urban transport system is crucial for city efficiency, given the need for mobility in cities. This article uses Census of India (2011) data on transport to examine work-related commute among Indians at the state and city levels. At the state level, it finds a strong positive correlation between workforce participation rate and proportion of commuters. It also finds a strong positive correlation between the proportion who commute on foot and those who use bicycles. States characterised by extensive usage of public transport are the ones that account for a greater share of workforce participation. At the city level, the article finds that the smallest cities are most conducive for those who commute on foot or bicycles, whereas cars are preferred by commuters in high-income cities. In mid-sized cities, commuters tend to use two-wheelers. Commuters across all the selected cities walk for long distances spanning between 6 and 10 km. This indicates the need for further examination of public transport and infrastructure in these cities.

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Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: The Need for Compulsory Registration

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.18.70800 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. 153s-153s ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.L. Gomes ◽

T. Turbay ◽

P. Venturella ◽

L. Cecagno ◽

G. Johnson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

House Of Representatives ◽

State Level ◽

Federal District ◽

The State ◽

Cancer Registration ◽

Cancer Information ◽

Political Leaders ◽

Registration System ◽

Public Hearings ◽

The Impact

Background and context: According INCA 630,000 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in 2018, however Brazil does not have a unified registration system for cases of cancer. The Cancer Information System (SISCAN) was supposed to be in operation in Brazil since 2013, but it is not used by several Brazilian municipalities. Without these records it is not possible to measure the actual dimension of cases of cancer (number of cases, stages, treatments, etc.); consequently, public policies aiming at actual oncologic needs are not developed, which leads to the waste of public resources and an increase in mortality rates. Aim: Implement a mandatory and unified cancer registration system in Brazil. Strategy/Tactics: Involvement of various stakeholders, such as political leaders, NGOs, the press, etc. Align several actions and projects executed by Federação Brasileira de Instituições Filantrópicas de Apoio à Saúde da Mama (FEMAMA) for the same goal. Share FEMAMA´s goal with other pressure groups. Program/Policy process: Prepare arguments for proposing a bill on the topic in question. Promotion in the media regarding the impact of the lack of a mandatory registration system; Align discourse with NGOs associated to FEMAMA so that they can act as representatives and regional influencers on this topic. Meeting with the Minister of Health In reference to World Cancer Day (WCD), NGOs associated to FEMAMA have submitted letters asking state Congresspeople to draft a bill creating mandatory cancer notification systems in their respective states; Organization of 13 debate cycles and 9 public hearings at state assemblies about the topic; Articulations with federal Congresspeople for proposing a bill on the topic in question; Organization of a conference attended by NGO representatives and female political leaders to discuss action proposals; Discussion of the project and joint actions executed alongside multisector group in Brazil. Outcomes: Favorable opinion from the Ministry of Health about FEMAMA´s goals; WCD: Actions organized in 15 Brazilian states with the engagement of 17 Congresspeople; Organization of debate cycles and public hearings on the topic in 13 Brazilian states; Enactment of a regulation implementing a mandatory cancer registration system in the Federal District since 2017; Submission of a proposal petition requesting the implementation of a mandatory cancer registration system in the State of São Paulo to the State Department of Health. Proposal of two bills submitted at the House of Representatives on the topic in question (PL 8478/2017 and PL 8470/2017); The bills (unified) were passed by the House of Representatives, and have been subsequently submitted to the Senate for analysis; What was learned: The articulations with several political leaders for the proposal of a bill for the implementation of a mandatory cancer registration system and the articulated engagement of NGOs leverages these actions and expands debate in the legislative, both on a national and on a state level.

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The Challenge of Additionality: The Impact of Central Grants for Primary Healthcare on State-Level Spending on Primary Healthcare in India

International Journal of Health Policy and Management ◽

10.15171/ijhpm.2019.06 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 329-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Diana M. Bowser ◽

Rajesh Jha ◽

Manjiri Bhawalkar ◽

Peter Berman

Keyword(s):

Primary Healthcare ◽

Healthcare Expenditure ◽

State Level ◽

The State ◽

Healthcare Expenditures ◽

Indian States ◽

Per Capita ◽

Eag States ◽

The Impact ◽

Central Level

Background: In planning for universal health coverage, many countries have been examining their fiscal decentralization policies with the goal of increasing efficiency and equity via "additionalities." The concept of "additionality," when the government of a lower administrative level increases the funding allocated to a particular issue when extra funds are present, is often used in these contexts. Although the definition of "additionality" can be used more broadly, for the purposes of this paper we focus narrowly on the additional allocation of primary healthcare expenditures. This paper explores this idea by examining the impact of central level primary healthcare expenditure, on individual state level contributions to primary healthcare expenditure within 16 Indian states between 2005 and 2013. Methods: In examining 5 main variables, we compared differences between government expenditures, contributions, and revenues for Empowered Action Group (EAG) states, and non-EAG states. EAG states are normally larger states that have weaker public health infrastructure and hence qualify for additional funding. Finally, using a model that captured the quantity of central level primary healthcare expenditure distributions to these states, we measured its impact on each state’s own contributions to primary healthcare spending. Results: Our results show that, at the state level, growth in per capita central level primary healthcare expenditure has increased by 110% from 2005-2013, while state’s own contributions to primary healthcare expenditure per capita increased by 32%. Further analyses show that a 1% change disbursement from the central level leads to a -0.132%, although not significant, change by states in their own expenditure. The effect for wealthier states is -0.151% and significant and for poorer states the effect is smaller at -0.096% and not significant. Conclusion: This analysis suggests that increases in central level primary healthcare expenditure to states have an inverse relationship with primary healthcare expenditures by the state level. Furthermore, this effect is more pronounced in wealthier Indian states. This finding has policy implications on India’s decision to increase block grants to states in place of targeted program expenditures.

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Medicaid 101: A Primer for Speech-Language Pathologists in Education Settings

Perspectives on School-Based Issues ◽

10.1044/sbi12.1.3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 3-11

Author(s):

Janet Deppe ◽

Marie Ireland

Keyword(s):

State Level ◽

The State ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Inspector General ◽

Medical Necessity ◽

School Settings ◽

Speech Language Pathologist ◽

School Based ◽

Emerging Trends

This paper will provide the school-based speech-language pathologist (SLP) with an overview of the federal requirements for Medicaid, including provider qualifications, “under the direction of” rule, medical necessity, and covered services. Billing, documentation, and reimbursement issues at the state level will be examined. A summary of the findings of the Office of Inspector General audits of state Medicaid plans is included as well as what SLPs need to do in order to ensure that services are delivered appropriately. Emerging trends and advocacy tools will complete the primer on Medicaid services in school settings.

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