Phospholipase Activity in Candida Albicans, Candida Spp and Other Yeasts

1991 ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
A. Rezusta ◽  
M. C. Alejandre ◽  
J. Gill ◽  
M. C. Rubio ◽  
M. S. Salvo
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Phospholipase Activity ◽  
Candida Spp

scholarly journals Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of nipple and breast candidiasis: A review of the relationship between diagnoses of mammary candidiasis and Candida albicans in breastfeeding women

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 174550652110314
Author(s):  
Pamela Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Breast Pain ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Nipple Areolar Complex ◽  
Areolar Complex ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Breastfeeding mothers commonly experience nipple pain accompanied by radiating, stabbing or constant breast pain between feeds, sometimes associated with pink shiny nipple epithelium and white flakes of skin. Current guidelines diagnose these signs and symptoms as mammary candidiasis and stipulate antifungal medications. Aim: This study reviews existing research into the relationship between Candida albicans and nipple and breast pain in breastfeeding women who have been diagnosed with mammary candidiasis; whether fluconazole is an effective treatment; and the presence of C. albicans in the human milk microbiome. Method: The author conducted three searches to investigate (a) breastfeeding-related pain and C. albicans; (b) the efficacy of fluconazole in breastfeeding-related pain; and (c) composition of the human milk mycobiome. These findings are critiqued and integrated in a narrative review. Results: There is little evidence to support the hypothesis that Candida spp, including C. albicans, in maternal milk or on the nipple-areolar complex causes the signs and symptoms popularly diagnosed as mammary candidiasis. There is no evidence that antifungal treatments are any more effective than the passage of time in women with these symptoms. Candida spp including C. albicans are commonly identified in healthy human milk and nipple-areolar complex mycobiomes. Discussion: Clinical breastfeeding support remains a research frontier. The human milk microbiome, which includes a mycobiome, interacts with the microbiomes of the infant mouth and nipple-areolar complex, including their mycobiomes, to form protective ecosystems. Topical or oral antifungals may disrupt immunoprotective microbial homeostasis. Unnecessary use contributes to the serious global problem of antifungal resistance. Conclusion: Antifungal treatment is rarely indicated and prolonged courses cannot be justified in breastfeeding women experiencing breast and nipple pain. Multiple strategies for stabilizing microbiome feedback loops when nipple and breast pain emerge are required, in order to avoid overtreatment of breastfeeding mothers and their infants with antifungal medications.

scholarly journals Orodispersible Film Loaded with Enterococcus faecium CRL183 Presents Anti-Candida albicans Biofilm Activity In Vitro

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 998
Author(s):  
Virgínia Barreto Lordello ◽  
Andréia Bagliotti Meneguin ◽  
Sarah Raquel de Annunzio ◽  
Maria Pía Taranto ◽  
Marlus Chorilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Control Film ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Background: Probiotic bacteria have been emerging as a trustworthy choice for the prevention and treatment of Candida spp. infections. This study aimed to develop and characterize an orodispersible film (ODF) for delivering the potentially probiotic Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 into the oral cavity, evaluating its in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Methods and Results: The ODF was composed by carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, and potato starch, and its physical, chemical, and mechanical properties were studied. The probiotic resistance and viability during processing and storage were evaluated as well as its in vitro antifungal activity against C. albicans. The ODFs were thin, resistant, and flexible, with neutral pH and microbiologically safe. The probiotic resisted the ODF obtaining process, demonstrating high viability (>9 log10 CFU·g−1), up to 90 days of storage at room temperature. The Probiotic Film promoted 68.9% of reduction in fungal early biofilm and 91.2% in its mature biofilm compared to the group stimulated with the control film. Those results were confirmed through SEM images. Conclusion: The probiotic ODF developed is a promising strategy to prevent oral candidiasis, since it permits the local probiotic delivery, which in turn was able to reduce C. albicans biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Differences in exoenzyme production and adherence ability of Candida spp. isolates from catheter, blood and oral cavity

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Rodrigues Costa ◽  
Xisto Sena Passos ◽  
Lúcia Kioko Hasimoto e Souza ◽  
Percilia de Andrade Lucena ◽  
Orionalda de Fátima Lisboa Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Yeast Suspension ◽  
Phospholipase Activity ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Proteinase Production ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Adherence Ability

Phospholipase and proteinase production and the ability of adhesion to buccal epithelial cells (BEC) of 112 Candida isolates originated from oral cavity of HIV infected patients and from blood and catheter of intensive care unit patients were investigated. The proteinase production was detected by inoculation into bovine serum albumin (BSA) agar and the phospholipase activity was performed using egg yolk emulsion. A yeast suspension of each test strain was incubated with buccal epithelial cells and the number of adherence yeast to epithelial cells was counted. A percentage of 88.1% and 55.9% of Candida albicans and 69.8% and 37.7% of non-albicans Candida isolates produced proteinase and phospholipase, respectively. Non-albicans Candida isolated from catheter were more proteolytic than C. albicans isolates. Blood isolates were more proteolytic than catheter and oral cavity isolates while oral cavity isolates produced more phospholipase than those from blood and catheter. C. albicans isolates from oral cavity and from catheter were more adherent to BEC than non-albicans Candida isolates, but the adhesion was not different among the three sources analyzed. The results indicated differences in the production of phospholipase and proteinase and in the ability of adhesion to BEC among Candida spp. isolates from different sources. This study suggests that the pathogenicity of Candida can be correlated with the infected site.

scholarly journals Fatores de risco associados à colonização por Candida spp em neonatos internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal brasileira

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raniery Martins Borges ◽  
Leandro Rafael Soares ◽  
Cristiane Silveira de Brito ◽  
Denise Von Dolinger de Brito ◽  
Vânia Olivetti Steffen Abdallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
National Healthcare ◽  
National Healthcare Safety Network ◽  
Terapia Intensiva

Os objetivos desse estudo foram investigar a participação de Candida albicans e não-albicans como agente de colonização e sepse, bem como os fatores de risco associados aos neonatos internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Foi realizada vigilância epidemiológica pelo sistema National Healthcare Safety Network no período entre agosto de 2007 e abril de 2008. A taxa de incidência de sepse com critério microbiológico foi de 6,7/1.000 paciente/dia, constatando-se apenas um caso de candidemia. Aproximadamente, 19% dos neonatos estavam colonizados por Candida, identificadas como Candida albicans (50%) e Candida não-albicans (50%). Os fatores de risco significantes para colonização por Candida spp foram a idade gestacional entre 26 e 30 semanas, o uso prévio de antibiótico e o cateter vascular central umbilical. A mortalidade total foi de 11,8% nos neonatos internados durante o período de estudo com sepse, porém o recém-nascido com candidemia não evoluiu para óbito.

ROSEOFUNGIN-AS, OINTMENT 2% FOR TREATMENT OF TINEA PEDIS AND TINEA CORPORIS: RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED, BLINDED, PROSPECTIVE, MULTICENTER PHASE III CLINICAL TRIAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
А.К. САДАНОВ ◽  
В.Э. БЕРЕЗИН ◽  
И.Р. КУЛМАГАМБЕТОВ ◽  
Л.П. ТРЕНОЖНИКОВА ◽  
А.С. БАЛГИМБАЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Tinea Pedis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Tinea Corporis ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trial

Розеофунгин-АС, мазь 2% для наружного применения разработана для лечения микозов кожи разной этиологии, вызванных дерматофитными, дрожжеподобными и плесневыми грибами. Многоцентровое слепое проспективное рандомизированное исследование проводили в Республике Казахстан для сравнения терапевтической эффективности и безопасности препаратов «Розеофунгин-АС, мазь 2%» и «Клотримазол, крем 1%» при лечении tinea pedis и tinea corporis. Препараты применяли 2 раза в день в течение 28 дней. Лабораторные общеклинические и биохимические обследования пациентов проводили на 0, 14 и 28 дни исследования. Микологическое обследование включало микроскопические и культуральные исследования, которые проводились до лечения и на 28-30-й день после окончания лечения. В клиническое исследование III фазы входили 410 пациентов, включая 290 пациентов с tinea pedis и 120 пациентов с tinea corporis. Лечение препаратом «Розеофунгин-АС, мазь 2%» получали 310 пациентов, лечение препаратом «Клотримазол, крем 1%» - 100 пациентов. У больных обеих групп уже на 14 день уменьшалась выраженность субъективных и объективных проявлений. К 28 дню практически все клинические признаки патологического процесса отсутствовали. Совокупная клинико-микологическая эффективность препарата «Розеофунгин-АС, мазь 2%» составила 99,1%, препарата «Клотримазол, крем 1%» - 98,0%. Препарат «Розеофунгин-АС, мазь 2%» проявил высокую эффективность при лечении грибковых инфекций tinea pedis и tinea corporis, вызванных возбудителями трихофитии (Trihophyton rubrum, T. violarum, T. tonsurans), микроспории (Microsporum canis, M. gypseum), кандидоза (Candida albicans, Candida spp.), плесневыми грибами (Penicillium glaucum). В исследовании не были зафиксированы аллергические реакции и индивидуальная непереносимость исследуемого и референтного препаратов. Препарат «Розеофунгин-АС, мазь 2%» является эффективным антимикотическим средством, клинико-микологическая эффективность которого в терапии микозов кожи составляет 99,1%. Препарат имеет высокий уровень переносимости, безопасности и приемлемости RoseofunginAS, ointment 2% for external use was developed for the treatment of skin mycoses of various etiologies caused by dermatophytic and yeastlike fungi and molds. A multicenter, blind, prospective, randomized trial was conducted in the Republic of Kazakhstan to compare the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of RoseofunginAS, ointment 2% and Clotrimazole, cream 1% in the treatment of tinea pedis and tinea corporis. The drugs were administered twice daily for 28 days. Laboratory general clinical and biochemical examinations of patients were performed on days 0, 14, and 28 of the trial. Mycological examination included microscopic and cultural studies, which were carried out before treatment and on days 2830 after the end of treatment. The Phase III clinical trial involved 410 patients, including 290 with tinea pedis and 120 with tinea corporis. Treatment with RoseofunginAS, ointment 2% was administered to 310 patients, 100 patients were treated with Clotrimazole, cream 1%. In patients of both groups, the severity of subjective and objective manifestations decreased already on day 14. By day 28, almost all clinical signs of the pathological process were absent. The cumulative clinical and mycological effectiveness of the drug RoseofunginAS, ointment 2% was 99.1% and that of the drug Clotrimazole, cream 1% reached 98.0%. The drug RoseofunginAS, ointment 2% exhibited high effectiveness in the treatment of fungal infections, including tinea pedis and tinea corporis, with pathogens that cause trichophytosis (Trihophyton rubrum, T. violarum, T. tonsurans), microsporia (Microsporum canis, M. gypseum), candidiasis (Candida albicans, Candida spp.), and molds (Penicillium glaucum). The study did not record allergic reactions and individual intolerance to the study and reference drug. The drug RoseofunginAS, ointment 2% is an effective antimycotic agent, the clinical and mycological effectiveness of which in the treatment of skin mycoses was 99.1%. The drug possesses a high level of tolerance, safety and acceptability.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR TYPING OF Candida albicans ISOLATES FROM HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia de Souza Bonfim-Mendonca ◽  
Adriana Fiorini ◽  
Cristiane Suemi Shinobu-Mesquita ◽  
Lilian Cristiane Baeza ◽  
Maria Aparecida Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Common Origin ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
A Site

SUMMARY Introduction: The majority of nosocomial fungal infections are caused by Candida spp. where C. albicans is the species most commonly identified. Molecular methods are important tools for assessing the origin of the yeasts isolated in hospitals. Methods: This is a study on the genetic profifiles of 39 nosocomial clinical isolates of C. albicans using two typing methods: random amplifified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and microsatellite, two different primers for each technique were used. Results: RAPD provided 10 and 11 different profiles with values for SAB of 0.84 ± 0.126 and 0.88 ± 0.08 for primers M2 and P4, respectively. Microsatellite using two markers, CDC3 and HIS3, allowed the observation of six and seven different alleles, respectively, with combined discriminatory power of 0.91. Conclusions: Although genetic variability is clear, it was possible to identify high similarity, suggesting a common origin for at least a part of isolates. It is important to emphasize that common origin was proven from yeasts isolated from colonization (urine, catheter or endotracheal secretions) and blood culture from the same patient, indicating that the candidemia must have started from a site of colonization. The combination of RAPD and microsatellite provides a quick and efficient analysis for investigation of similarity among nosocomial isolates of C. albicans.

scholarly journals Produção de fatores de virulência in vitro por espécies patogênicas do gênero Candida

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Cristina Ortolan Rörig ◽  
Jean Colacite ◽  
Maxwel Adriano Abegg
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Candida Dubliniensis ◽  
Candida Spp

Avaliou-se, in vitro, a capacidade de crescimento em 39ºC e 42ºC, a produção de enzimas hidrolíticas e a atividade hemolítica de 21 cepas clínicas e de referência de sete espécies de Candida spp, Candida dubliniensis e Candida krusei demonstraram menor potencial de virulência e Candida albicans maior.

Candidemia Candida albicans clusters have higher tendency to form biofilms than singleton genotypes†

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 887-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Díaz-García ◽  
Maiken C Arendrup ◽  
Rafael Cantón ◽  
Julio García-Rodríguez ◽  
Ana Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Inert Surfaces ◽  
Biofilm Development

Abstract The capacity of Candida spp. to form biofilms allows them to attach either to living or inert surfaces, promoting their persistence in hospital environments. In a previous study, we reported strain-to-strain variations in Candida spp. biofilm development, suggesting that some genotypes may be greater biofilm formers than others. In this study, we hypothesize that isolates pertaining to clusters may be found more frequently in the environment due to their ability to form biofilms compared to singleton genotypes. Two hundred and thirty-nine Candida spp. isolates (78 clusters) from candidemia patients admitted to 16 hospitals located in different cities and countries—and the same number of singleton genotypes used as controls—were tested in terms of biofilm formation using the crystal violet and the XTT reduction assays. Candida albicans clusters showed higher biofilm formation in comparison to singleton genotypes (P < .01). The biofilms formed by intra-hospital C. albicans clusters showed higher metabolic activity (P < .05). Furthermore, marked variability was found among species and type of cluster. We observed that the higher the number of isolates, the higher the variability of biofilm production by isolates within the cluster, suggesting that the production of biofilm by isolates of the same genotype is quite diverse and does not depend on the type of cluster studied. In conclusion, candidemia Candida spp. clusters—particularly in the case of C. albicans—show significantly more biomass production and metabolic activity than singleton genotypes.

scholarly journals INCIDENCES OF CANDIDA ALBICANS AND NON-ALBICANS AMONG CATHETER-ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTION PATIENTS OF AKOLA CITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Khandare Ln ◽  
Barate Dl
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Catheter Urine

Objective: Candida spp. is the third leading cause of catheter-related infections. Candida species is a part of human microflora and it becomes pathogenic when certain conditions are present and cause an opportunistic infections. The present study was undertaken to determine incidences of Candida albicans and non-albicans among catheterized urinary tract infection (UTI) patients of Akola city.Methods: A total 60 catheter urine samples were collected from patient of all the age group and both sex who had indwelling urinary catheter. The collected catheterized urine samples of patients from various hospitals of Akola city were used for isolation using HiCrome Candida differential agar.Results: It was found that highest frequency of isolation of Candida spp. was from age group 61-70 years. The predominance of male candidate was more than female having Candida spp. in catheter-associated UTI (C-UTI). Among the Candida spp. C. albicans (64.81%) was predominant over non-albicans spp. while in non-albicans Candida krusei and Candida glabrata were predominant showing 11.11% incidences. It was followed by Candida tropicalis (9.2%) and Candida parapsilosis (3.7%).Conclusion: The incidences of C. albicans and non-albicans were high among catheter-associated UTI patients.

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