Treatment and Prophylaxis of Opportunistic Infections in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Atlas of AIDS ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 212-236
Author(s):  
Judith Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Highly Active

scholarly journals Chronic Cystoisospora belli infection in a Colombian patient living with HIV and poor adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy

Biomédica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supl. 1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Ana Luz Galván-Díaz ◽  
Juan Carlos Alzate ◽  
Esteban Villegas ◽  
Sofía Giraldo ◽  
Jorge Botero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Poor Adherence ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv

Cystoisospora belli is an intestinal Apicomplexan parasite associated with diarrheal illness and disseminated infections in humans, mainly immunocompromised individuals such as those living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An irregular administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV patients may increase the risk of opportunistic infections like cystoisosporiasis.We describe here a case of C. belli infection in a Colombian HIV patient with chronic gastrointestinal syndrome and poor adherence to HAART. His clinical and parasitological cure was achieved with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment. Although a reduction in the number of C. belli cases has been observed since the use of HAART, this parasite still has to be considered as a differential diagnosis of diarrheal disease in HIV/AIDS patients.Effective interventions enhancing adherence to HAART should be included in HIV patient care programs.

Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy

AIDS ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Soriano ◽  
Carmen Dona ◽  
Rafael Rodríguez-Rosado ◽  
Pablo Barreiro ◽  
Juan González Lahoz
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Secondary Prophylaxis ◽  
Highly Active

scholarly journals Liver Enzymes Abnormalities among Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Experienced and HAART Naïve HIV-1 Infected Patients at Debre Tabor Hospital, North West Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melashu Balew Shiferaw ◽  
Ketema Tafess Tulu ◽  
Amtatachew Moges Zegeye ◽  
Amarech Asratie Wubante
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv 1

Liver disease has emerged as the most common non-AIDS-related cause of death in HIV patients. However, there is limited data regarding this condition including our setting in Ethiopia. Hence, liver enzyme abnormalities among highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) experienced and HAART naïve patients were assessed in this study. A total of 164 HAART experienced and 164 HAART naïve patients were studied. Blood specimen was collected to determine alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), CD4 count, and viral hepatitis. The prevalence of liver enzyme abnormality was 20.1% and 22.0% among HAART experienced and HAART naïve patients, respectively. The HAART experienced patients had higher mean ALT than HAART naïve patients (P=0.002). Viral hepatitis (AOR = 6.02; 95% CI = 1.87–19.39), opportunistic infections (AOR = 2.91; 95% CI = 1.04–8.19), current CD4 count <200 cells/mm3(AOR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.06–4.39), and male sex (AOR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.001–3.33) were associated with elevated ALT and/or AST. In conclusion, liver enzyme abnormalities were high in both HAART experienced and HAART naïve HIV-1 infected patients. Hence, monitoring and management of liver enzyme abnormalities in HIV-1 infected patients are important in our setting.

Initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy in advanced AIDS with CD4 < 50 cells/mm3 in a resource-limited setting: efficacy and tolerability

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somnuek Sungkanuparph ◽  
Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul ◽  
Weerawat Manosuthi ◽  
Wiphawee Kiatatchasai ◽  
Asda Vibhagool
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Adverse Drug Events ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Cd4 Cell

In developing countries, patients often present late with advanced AIDS and a very low CD4 cell count. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in HIV-infected patients who had been initiated into highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with CD4 cell count <50 cells/mm3. There were 159 patients of mean age 36.6 years and 60.4% had previous major opportunistic infections. Mean CD4 was 22 cells/mm3 and 80% had HIV RNA>100,000 copies/mL. The majority of HAART regimens is non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based (81.8%). In as-treated analysis, 50, 71.2, 79.7, 79.4, and 80.1% of patients achieved undetectable HIV RNA (<50 copies/mL) at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 weeks, respectively. The corresponding mean CD4 counts were 95, 125, 166, 201, and 225 cells/mm3. Twenty two patients (13.8%) had adverse drug events and half of these had to discontinue HAART. Initiation of HAART in advanced AIDS with CD4 cell count <50 cells/mm3 is effective, safe, and well tolerated and should not be delayed.

scholarly journals Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the incidence of opportunistic infections, hospitalizations and mortality among children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl 3) ◽  
pp. S414-S423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talitah M. S. Candiani ◽  
Jorge Pinto ◽  
Claudete A. Araújo Cardoso ◽  
Inácio R. Carvalho ◽  
Arlete C. M. Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Average Hospital ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

The impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can be evaluated using indicators, such as rates of opportunistic infections, hospitalizations by cause of infection, and associated death. This study aimed to estimate the impact of HAART on the incidence of these indicators, in children and adolescents with HIV/AIDS. It was a hybrid cohort study; 371 patients were followed from 1989 to 2003. In December 2003, 76% of the patients were still being followed, while 12.1% had died, 9.5% had dropped out, and 2.4% had been transferred. The overall rate of opportunistic infections was 18.32 infections/100 persons-year and 2.63 in the pre- and post-HAART periods, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the risk of developing an opportunistic infection was 5.4 times greater and 3.3 times greater for hospitalization risk before HAART. Respiratory causes represented 65% of the hospitalizations and they were reduced by 44.6% with therapeutic intervention. The average hospital stay of 15 days was reduced to 9.There was a post-HAART decline in deaths of 38%. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of HAART in significantly reducing opportunistic infections, hospitalizations, and deaths in this Brazilian cohort.

scholarly journals Coexistence of Kaposi sarcoma and Molluscum contagiosum on the same site in a HIV-AIDS patient: A very rare occurrence

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabir Abdullahi ◽  
Yahaya Mohammed ◽  
Saddiku A. Sahabi ◽  
Mahmood M. Dalhat
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Molluscum Contagiosum ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Therapy Regimen ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: There have been numerous reported opportunistic infections among HIV/AIDS patients. However, coexistence of Kaposi sarcoma and Molluscum contagiosum on the same site is a rare finding.Case presentation: A 37-year-old man poorly adherent to antiretroviral therapy presented with Molluscum contagiosum and Kaposi sarcoma occurring simultaneously on numerous skin lesions around mid-2017 at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto State, Nigeria.Management and outcome: The patient was counselled and re-initiated on a second-line highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen. The patient’s lesions resolved three months later.Discussion: The case is presented to improve the index of suspicion among clinicians and pathologists on such rare occurrences.

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