The Relative Importance of Aluminum Solid-Phase Component in Agricultural Soils Treated with Oxalic and Sulfuric Acids

1998 ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Xiao Ping Zhu ◽  
Marek Kotowski ◽  
Lucjan Pawłowski
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Phase Component

Modelling uranium leaching from agricultural soils to groundwater as a criterion for comparison with complementary safety indicators

2006 ◽  
Vol 932 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jacques ◽  
J. Šimůnek ◽  
D. Mallants ◽  
M.Th. van Genuchten
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Long Time

ABSTRACTNaturally occurring radionuclides can also end up in soils and groundwater due to human practices, such as application of certain fertilizers in agriculture. Many mineral fertilizers, particularly (super)phosphates, contain small amounts of 238U and 230Th which eventually may be leached from agricultural soils to underlying water resources. Field soils that receive P-fertilizers accumulate U and Th and their daughter nuclides, which eventually may leach to groundwater. Our objective was to numerically assess U migration in soils. Calculations were based on a new reactive transport model, HP1, which accounts for interactions between U and organic matter, phosphate, and carbonate. Solid phase interactions were simulated using a surface complexation module. Furthermore, all geochemical processes were coupled with a model accounting for dynamic changes in the soil water content and the water flux. The capabilities of the code in calculating natural U fluxes to groundwater were illustrated using a semi-synthetic 200-year long time series of climatological data for Belgium. Based on an average fertilizer application, the input of phosphate and uranium in the soil was defined. This paper discusses calculated U distributions in the soil profile as well as calculated U fluxes leached from a 100-cm deep soil profile. The calculated long-term leaching rates originating from fertilization are significantly higher after 200 years than estimated release rates from lowlevel nuclear waste repositories.

Fe(II)-catalyzed transformation of Fe (hydr)oxides in particle-size soil organic matter fractions from amended agricultural soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Giannetta ◽  
Ramona Balint ◽  
Daniel Said-Pullicino ◽  
César Plaza ◽  
Maria Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Mineral Transformations

<p>Redox-driven changes in Fe crystallinity and speciation may affect soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization and carbon (C) turnover, with consequent influence on global terrestrial soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling.<span> </span>Under reducing conditions, increasing concentrations of Fe(II) released in solution from the reductive dissolution of Fe (hydr)oxides may accelerate ferrihydrite transformation, although our understanding of the influence of SOM on these transformations is still lacking.<span> </span></p><p>Here, we evaluated abiotic Fe(II)-catalyzed mineralogical changes in Fe (hydr)oxides in bulk soils and size-fractionated SOM pools (for comparison, fine silt plus clay, FSi+Cl, and fine sand, FSa) of an agricultural soil, unamended or amended with biochar, municipal solid waste compost, and a combination of both.<span> </span></p><p>FSa fractions showed the most significant Fe(II)-catalyzed ferrihydrite transformations with the consequent production of well-ordered Fe oxides irrespective of soil amendment, with the only exception being the compost-amended soils. In contrast, poorly crystalline ferrihydrite still constituted <em>ca. </em>45% of the FSi+Cl fractions of amended soils, confirming the that the higher SOM content in this fraction inhibits atom exchange between aqueous Fe(II) and the solid phase. Building on our knowledge of Fe(II)-catalyzed mineralogical changes in simple systems, our results evidenced that the mechanisms of abiotic Fe mineral transformations in bulk soils depend on Fe mineralogy, organic C content and quality, and organo-mineral associations that exist across particle-size SOM pools. Our results underline that in the fine fractions the increase in SOM due to organic amendments can contribute to limiting abiotic Fe(II)-catalyzed ferrihydrite transformation, while coarser particle-size fractions represent an understudied pool of SOM subjected to Fe mineral transformations.<span> </span></p>

scholarly journals A miniaturized method for fast, simple, and sensitive pesticide analysis in soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Pierre Simon ◽  
Dennis Knuth ◽  
Leonard Böhm ◽  
Katrin Wiltschka ◽  
Marlene Schatz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
World War ◽  
Quechers Method ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Different Soils

Abstract Purpose Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) like lindane and DDT have been used extensively after World War II until the 1990s. Still, residues of these pesticides can be found in agricultural soils all over the world, especially in developing countries. Often, they occur in extensive areas and elevated concentrations so that food safety is jeopardized. Hence, simple, cheap, and fast analytical methods are needed for a straight-forward assessment of risks. A miniaturized solid–liquid extraction combined with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) based on a proven ISO method is presented. Methods The performance of the method is evaluated by extracting three different soils which were spiked with HCH and DDT congeners, and trifluralin, and aged for 35 days. The results are compared with those of a modified quick, easy, cheap, efficient, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method. For further validation, both methods are applied to three environmental soil samples. Results Validation results show limits of detection and quantification as well as recovery rates in good agreement with standard requirements. The new method was found to be quicker than QuEChERS, which requires time-consuming preparation of reagents. Conclusion Merits include low time and sample volume requirements (0.5 g) and the possibility to extract many samples simultaneously, which allows the screening of large sample sizes to determine the pollution status of whole landscape regions. However, access to an automated SPME apparatus is assumed. The authors can recommend this method as a cheap and fast alternative where SPME is available.

Combining spectroscopic and flux measurement techniques to determine solid-phase speciation and solubility of phosphorus in agricultural soils

Geoderma ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 115677
Author(s):  
Jirapat Tuntrachanida ◽  
Worachart Wisawapipat ◽  
Surachet Aramrak ◽  
Natthapol Chittamart ◽  
Wantana Klysubun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Flux Measurement

scholarly journals Investigating the Geochemical Controls on Pb Bioaccessibility in Urban Agricultural Soils to Inform Sustainable Site Management

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Jane Entwistle ◽  
Lindsay Bramwell ◽  
Joanna Wragg ◽  
Mark Cave ◽  
Elliott Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Site Management ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Al Oxide

The solid-phase speciation of contaminants in soil plays a major role in regulating both the environmental mobility of contaminants and their bioavailability in biological receptors such as humans. With the increasing prevalence of urban agriculture, in tandem with growing evidence of the negative health impacts of even low levels of exposure to Pb, there is a pressing need to provide regulators with a relevant evidence base on which to build human health risk assessments and construct sustainable site management plans. We detail how the solid-phase fractionation of Pb from selected urban agricultural soil samples, using sequential extraction, can be utilised to interpret the bioaccessible fraction of Pb and ultimately inform sustainable site management plans. Our sequential extraction data shows that the Pb in our urban soils is primarily associated with Al oxide phases, with the second most important phase associated with either Fe oxyhydroxide or crystalline FeO, and only to a limited extent with Ca carbonates. We interpret the co-presence of a P component with the Al oxide cluster to indicate the soils contain Pb phosphate type minerals, such as plumbogummite (PbAl3(PO4)2(OH)5·H2O), as a consequence of natural “soil aging” processes. The presence of Pb phosphates, in conjunction with our biomonitoring data, which indicates the lack of elevated blood Pb levels in our gardeners compared to their non-gardening neighbours, suggests the (legacy) Pb in these soils has been rendered relatively immobile. This study has given confidence to the local authority regulators, and the gardeners, that these urban gardens can be safe to use, even where soil Pb levels are up to ten times above the UK’s recommended lead screening level. The advice to our urban gardeners, based on our findings, is to carry on gardening but follow recommended good land management and hygiene practices.

Relative Importance of Solid-Phase Phosphorus and Iron on the Sorption Behavior of Sediments

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 2789-2795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Zhong Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Lan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sorption Behavior ◽  
Relative Importance

scholarly journals Adsorption to soils and biochemical characterization of commercial phytases

SOIL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
María Marta Caffaro ◽  
Karina Beatriz Balestrasse ◽  
Gerardo Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Temperature Ranges

Abstract. Commercial phytases are widely used in poultry production, but little is known about their potential use as biofertilizer for agricultural crops as an alternative to reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers. Four purified phytases isolated from Aspergillus niger and Escherichia coli were characterized biochemically and in terms of their adsorption to soils belonging to the Mollisol order. Three different organic P substrates were used to measure enzyme activity under a wide range of pH (2.3 to 9) and temperatures (−10 to 70 ∘C) conditions: phytic acid, p-nitrophenyl-phosphate (pNP) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3Phosphate). Phytases had a low affinity for the solid phase: 23 %–34 % of the added amount was adsorbed after 1 h of incubation. Phytases from A. niger showed a higher capacity to release P (13 % on average) than phytases from E. coli. All phytases were active throughout the pH and temperature ranges related to optimum crop production. At pH  values commonly found in agricultural soils (5.5–7), A. niger phytases released P with the following substrate ranking with respect to effectiveness: pNP > phytic acid > G3Phosphate. E. coli phytases, in comparison, released P following with the following substrate ranking with respect to effectiveness: pNP ∕ phytic acid > G3Phosphate. The results obtained are promising in terms of the use of phytases as a complement to P fertilization in agricultural settings and encourage further studies under field conditions.

scholarly journals Terrestrial Ecotoxic Impacts Stemming from Emissions of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn from Manure: A Spatially Differentiated Assessment in Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Sydow ◽  
Łukasz Chrzanowski ◽  
Alexandra Leclerc ◽  
Alexis Laurent ◽  
Mikołaj Owsianiak
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
National Level ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Geographic Variability ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Spatially Differentiated

Metallic elements present in livestock manure as co-contaminants have the potential to cause terrestrial ecotoxic impacts when the manure is used as fertilizer on agricultural soils. The magnitude of this impact at country scale in Europe has, to date, not been quantified. Here, we address this knowledge gap by combining recently developed national emission inventories of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn releases from manure with metal- and soil-specific comparative toxicity potentials (CTP) calculated for cropland grid cells at 1 × 1 km resolution for 33 European countries. The CTPs account for speciation in environmental fate, exposure and effects, including reduction in the solid-phase reactivity of a metal when it is associated with organic carbon present in the manure. Given the scarcity of inventory data at sub-national level, it was assumed that each unit area of cropland within a given country has the same probability to receive manure. The resulting CTPs span a range of several orders of magnitude reflecting the influence of soil type and properties on the speciation patterns and resulting CTP values. However, when combined with the use of manure in each European country, the resulting national impact scores were mainly explained by the total mass input of metal released to soil rather than by geographic variability in the CTP values. Simple linear regression is then sufficient to predict terrestrial ecotoxic impacts from input mass. Although some changes in ranking of metals and countries were observed, both mass- and impact-based comparisons between metals agreed that Zn and Cu are dominant contributors to total impacts, and that top contributing countries were those emitting the largest amounts of metals. Our findings show that spatially differentiated impact assessment is important for ranking of countries when differences in national emission inventories between countries are smaller than a factor of two (Ni), a factor of three (Cd, Cu, Zn) or a factor of four (Pb). In other cases, ranking of countries can be based on national emission inventories.

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