Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular System

1989 ◽  
pp. 5-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Rushmer
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals State of cardiovascular system in employees with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in combination with arterial hypertension in terms of exposure to toxic games

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
L. A. Panacheva ◽  
L. A. Shpagina
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Function ◽  
Large Vessels

Objective. Identification of the features of the cardiovascular system damage in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) combined with arterial hypertension (AH) in workers exposed to toxic gases (TG). Materials and methods. 132 house painters and paint production workers of the Novosibirsk aviation enterprise were included in 3 strata and examined: I-COPD and TG; II-COPD in combination with AH when exposed to TG; III COPD in combination with AH without exposure to TG. Employees of all strata were divided by length of service less than 10 and more than 10 years. The selection of workers in groups was carried out by a continuous method. Results. The most pronounced changes on the ECG, regardless of the length of service, were observed in workers with COPD in combination with hypertension and contact with TG (levogram and metabolic changes in the myocardium). When exposed to TG for more than 10 years, hypertrophy of the left parts of the heart was also detected. Among workers with COPD in combination with hypertension exposed to TG, the indicators of average pulmonary artery pressure (APAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) elevated with increasing work experience; changes in the structure and function of the right and left parts of the heart and signs of remodeling of large vessels were also revealed. The same workers showed more pronounced changes in the daily blood pressure profile (DBPP) of AP with the prevalence of Non-dippers and Night-pickers. Conclusions. Among workers suffering from comorbid pathology, with increasing duration of TG exposure over 10 years, there were observed the most pronounced ECG changes (deviation of electrical axis to the left, metabolic changes in the myocardium, hypertrophy of the left heart); increased APAP and PVR 1.21 and 1.10 times; changes in the structure and function of the right and left chambers of the heart, remodeling of large vessels; increase in the frequency of variants of the DBPP of Non-dippers and Night-pickers.

Critical thinking and diagnostic reasoning of the heart and cardiovascular system

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (20) ◽  
pp. 1172-1176
Author(s):  
Jill Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Clinical Reasoning ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Diagnostic Reasoning ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Function

This is the second of two articles exploring assessment and clinical reasoning of conditions relating to the heart and cardiovascular system in the context of emergency care. In the last article, the structure and function of the heart was reviewed, and reference made to many of the conditions that may affect the heart. In addition, the common presenting complaints of cardiac conditions were highlighted, together with important aspects of the history for each symptom. The full cardiac examination was outlined. In this article, some of the common cardiac conditions will be discussed. These will be linked to common findings in the history, examination, and investigations.

scholarly journals Sex and the cardiovascular system: the intriguing tale of how women and men regulate cardiovascular function differently

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia H. Huxley
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Living System ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Diagnostic Instruments ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Function

The ability to recognize and appreciate from a reproductive standpoint that males and females possess different attributes has been long standing. Only more recently have we begun to look more deeply into both the similarities and differences between men and women, as well as between boys and girls, with respect to the structure and function of other organ systems. This article focuses on the cardiovascular system, with examples of sex differences in the control of coronary function, blood pressure, and volume. Recognizing the differences between the sexes with respect to cardiovascular function facilitates understanding of the mechanisms whereby homeostasis can be achieved using different contributions or components of the living system. Furthermore, recognition of the differences as well as the similarities permits the design of appropriate diagnostic instruments, recognition of sex-specific pathophysiology, and implementation of appropriate treatment of cardiovascular disease in men and women.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease, Mitochondria, and Traditional Chinese Medicine

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Fei Lin ◽  
Li-li Guo ◽  
Xing-jiang Xiong ◽  
Xun Fan
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Ros ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
And Function

Recent studies demonstrated that mitochondria play an important role in the cardiovascular system and mutations of mitochondrial DNA affect coronary artery disease, resulting in hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cardiomyopathy. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for thousands of years to treat cardiovascular disease, but it is not yet clear how TCM affects mitochondrial function. By reviewing the interactions between the cardiovascular system, mitochondrial DNA, and TCM, we show that cardiovascular disease is negatively affected by mutations in mitochondrial DNA and that TCM can be used to treat cardiovascular disease by regulating the structure and function of mitochondria via increases in mitochondrial electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, modulation of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, and decreases in mitochondrial ROS. However further research is still required to identify the mechanism by which TCM affects CVD and modifies mitochondrial DNA.

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