The Development of the Vascular System: A Historical Overview

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Ribatti ◽  
Beatrice Nico ◽  
Enrico Crivellato
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
System A

scholarly journals Protease-activated receptor signalling by coagulation proteases in endothelial cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 876-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Rezaie
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Activated Protein C ◽  
Integral Membrane Protein ◽  
Protease Activated Receptors ◽  
System A ◽  
Signalling Network ◽  
Protein Receptors ◽  
Activate Cell ◽  
G Protein Coupled

SummaryEndothelial cells express several types of integral membrane protein receptors, which upon interaction and activation by their specific ligands, initiate a signalling network that links extracellular cues in circulation to various biological processes within a plethora of cells in the vascular system. A small family of G-protein coupled receptors, termed protease-activated receptors (PAR1–4), can be specifically activated by coagulation proteases, thereby modulating a diverse array of cellular activities under various pathophysiological conditions. Thrombin and all vitamin K-dependent coagulation proteases, with the exception of factor IXa for which no PAR signalling has been attributed, can selectively activate cell surface PARs on the vasculature. Thrombin can activate PAR1, PAR3 and PAR4, but not PAR2 which can be specifically activated by factors VIIa and Xa. The mechanistic details of the specificity of PAR signalling by coagulation proteases are the subject of extensive investigation by many research groups worldwide. However, analysis of PAR signalling data in the literature has proved to be challenging since a single coagulation protease can elicit different signalling responses through activation of the same PAR receptor in endothelial cells. This article is focused on briefly reviewing the literature with respect to determinants of the specificity of PAR signalling by coagulation proteases with special emphasis on the mechanism of PAR1 signalling by thrombin and activated protein C in endothelial cells.

Factors affecting changes in rheological properties of blood – literature review

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kępińska ◽  
Zbigniew Szyguła ◽  
Zbigniew Dąbrowski ◽  
Marta Szarek
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
System A ◽  
High Elasticity ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Erythrocytes have high elasticity and the ability to build blood aggregates, they can pass through the smallest capillaries, thus ensuring the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in all areas of the vascular system. A decrease in the deformability of erythrocytes may result in reduced blood flow and thereby the cause of many diseases. The increase in blood viscosity is observed, among others, in diabetes, hypertension, obesity and the elderly. Rheological studies of blood in conjunction with morphological and biochemical indices of blood provide valuable information about health of the patient. Any change in the viscosity of blood or plasma should be monitored, as this may indicate a health problem. The aim of the study was to present, based on the available scientific literature, physiological factors influencing changes in rheological properties of blood, for example: exercise, temperature and body weight

ANGIOMATOSIS (HAMARTOMATOUS HEM-LYMPHANGIOMATOSIS)

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Peter J. Koblenzer ◽  
Martin J. Bukowski
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Histologic Examination ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Osteolytic Lesions ◽  
System A

A case is described of a diffuse, possibly generalized, abnormality of a hamartomatous nature of the peripheral vascular system. A number of cases from the literature, which also appear to belong in this category, are summarized. Histologic examination shows that lymph and blood vessels may both be involved, though this may be essentially an abnormality of the lymphatic system in which extensive venolymphatic communications occur. The clinical manifestations vary according to the site of involvement and the extent of dissemination and also according to whether the lesions are predominantly hemangiomatous or lymphangiomatous. The main features are osteolytic lesions, visceromegaly, cutaneous hemangiomas or lymphangiomas and massive effusions into any body cavity. The effusions are usually chylous, sanguineous or a mixture of both. Any or all of these features may be present in any one case. The disease frequently has its onset in childhood or adolescence and tends to be progressive. If the lesions are widely disseminated or an effusion into a body cavity is present the outlook is grave. Treatment so far has been unsuccessful. Surgery may occasionally have a place. The term angiomatosis is employed to denote this condition not only to underline its potentially extensive nature but also to avoid debate as to whether it is essentially hemangiomatosis or lymphangiomatosis.

Development of the lymphatic vascular system: A mystery unravels

2004 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Kwon Hong ◽  
Jay W. Shin ◽  
Michael Detmar
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
System A

scholarly journals Visualization of the Primo Vascular System,a Putative Cancer Metastasis Thread Afloat in a Lymph Duct

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Jiyoon Jung ◽  
Sharon Jiyoon Jung ◽  
Seung-Hwan Lee ◽  
Kyoung-Hee Bae ◽  
Hee-Min Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
System A ◽  
Lymph Duct

scholarly journals Epigenetic Mechanisms of Cardioprotection: Focus is on Activation of Sirtuins

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 424-432
Author(s):  
K. A. Aitbaev ◽  
I. T. Murkamilov ◽  
Zh. A. Murkamilova ◽  
I. O. Kudaibergenova ◽  
F. A. Yusupov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
System A ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Properties ◽  
Common Sign

Oxidative stress is a common sign of aging and cardiovascular disease (CVD), including atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and other diseases of the vascular system. In this regard, in recent years, researchers have shown increased interest in sirtuins (SIRTs) — stress adapters and epigenetic enzymes involved in cellular mechanisms for controlling age-related pathologies, cancer and CVD. Among sirtuins, of which there are seven in mammals (SIRT1-SIRT7), SIRT1 and SIRT6 possess the most cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, atheroprotective and anti-aging properties. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis of the latest developments in the field of cellular and molecular signaling pathways controlled by two post-translational modifiers — SIRT1 and SIRT6, which have proven their worth as tools to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress at the level of the cardiovascular system. A deeper understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms through which SIRT1 and SIRT6 exert their cardioprotective effect will have widespread implications and will accelerate the development of selective and effective pharmacological agents for modulating sirtuins for the prevention and treatment of CVD.

scholarly journals Toward a Theory of the Primo Vascular System: A Hypothetical Circulatory System at the Subcellular Level

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung-Cheon Lee ◽  
Ji Woong Yoon ◽  
Sang Hyun Park ◽  
Seung Zhoo Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Research Team ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Network System ◽  
System A ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Medical Theory ◽  
Subcellular Level ◽  
Structure And Functions

This paper suggests a theoretical framework for the primo vascular system (PVS), a hypothetical circulatory system, in which extracellular DNA microvesicles interact to form and break down cell structures. Since Bonghan Kim reported the existence of Bonghan ducts and the SNU research team reinvestigated and named it the PVS, there has been series of studies trying to examine its structure and functions. In this paper, we hypothesize that the PVS is the network system in which extracellular DNA microvesicles circulate and interact at the subcellular level, forming and breaking down cell structures. This idea integrates A. Béchamp’s idea of microzymas and Bonghan Kim’s idea of sanals. A proof of this idea may complement modern medical theory, perhaps providing an essential clue for an alternative solution dealing with modern healthcare problem.

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