In Vitro Engulfment Assay to Measure Phagocytic Activity of Astrocytes Using Synaptosomes

2019 ◽  
pp. 155-168
Author(s):  
Youkyeong Gloria Byun ◽  
Won-Suk Chung
Keyword(s):  
Phagocytic Activity

scholarly journals Effect of memantine, an anti-Alzheimer’s drug, on rodent microglial cells in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Murakawa-Hirachi ◽  
Yoshito Mizoguchi ◽  
Masahiro Ohgidani ◽  
Yoshinori Haraguchi ◽  
Akira Monji
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Death ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Microglial Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Microglial Cells ◽  
Phagocytosis Assay ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is related to neuroinflammatory responses mediated by microglia. Memantine, an antagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors used as an anti-Alzheimer’s drug, protects from neuronal death accompanied by suppression of proliferation and activation of microglial cells in animal models of AD. However, it remains to be tested whether memantine can directly affect microglial cell function. In this study, we examined whether pretreatment with memantine affects intracellular NO and Ca2+ mobilization using DAF-2 and Fura-2 imaging, respectively, and tested the effects of memantine on phagocytic activity by human β-Amyloid (1–42) phagocytosis assay in rodent microglial cells. Pretreatment with memantine did not affect production of NO or intracellular Ca2+ elevation induced by TNF in rodent microglial cells. Pretreatment with memantine also did not affect the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF, IL-1β, IL-6 and CD45) or anti-inflammatory (IL-10, TGF-β and arginase) phenotypes in rodent microglial cells. In addition, pretreatment with memantine did not affect the amount of human β-Amyloid (1–42) phagocytosed by rodent microglial cells. Moreover, we observed that pretreatment with memantine did not affect 11 major proteins, which mainly function in the phagocytosis and degradation of β-Amyloid (1–42), including TREM2, DAP12 and neprilysin in rodent microglial cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to suggest that memantine does not directly modulate intracellular NO and Ca2+ mobilization or phagocytic activity in rodent microglial cells. Considering the neuroinflammation hypothesis of AD, the results might be important to understand the effect of memantine in the brain.

scholarly journals Antifungal antibiotics modulate the pro-inflammatory cytokine production and phagocytic activity of human monocytes in an in vitro sepsis model

Life Sciences ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Muenster ◽  
Christian Bode ◽  
Britta Diedrich ◽  
Sebastian Jahnert ◽  
Christina Weisheit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine Production ◽  
Sepsis Model ◽  
Antifungal Antibiotics

scholarly journals Effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans on phagocytic response of Eisenia andrei coelomocytes

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayet Belmeskine ◽  
Pauline Brousseau ◽  
Sami Haddad ◽  
Louise Vandelac ◽  
Michel Fournier
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans ◽  
Eisenia Andrei ◽  
Phagocytic Capacity ◽  
Excessive Secretion ◽  
Phagocytic Response

The immunotoxicological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) mixtures on <em>Eisenia andrei </em>earthworms have never been studied. In this work we investigated these effects both for <em>in vitro </em>and <em>in vivo</em> exposure, using the viability and the phagocytic activity of coelomocytes as immunological biomarkers and the flow cytometry was used for analysis. The <em>in vitro </em>exposure revealed a cytotoxic effect of PCDD/Fs mixture (C2) containing 50&yen;10-3 ng/mL of 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD and an induction of the phagocytic capacity at the mixture (C1) containing 25&yen;10-3 ng/mL of 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD. In the <em>in vivo </em>filter paper exposure, the immunocompetence of earthworms was assessed after 3 h-exposure to mixtures of PCDD/Fs at the levels of C1, C2, C3 and C4 containing about; 0.05, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.83 ng of 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD/cm&sup2;, respectively. Morphological observations showed an excessive secretion of mucus and body surface lesions in worms exposed to higher concentrations (C3 and C4), which revealed that these organisms were affected by PCDD/Fs either through skin and/or by feeding. The levels of the extruded cell yield decreased significantly at all the concentrations tested. However, the cell viability was shown to be unaffected by PCDD/Fs concentrations. It was also shown, that exposure to the highest PCDD/Fs concentrations; C2, C3 and C4 inhibited both phagocytic activity and efficiency.

Comparative physiology of rodent pulmonary macrophages: in vitro functional responses

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1953-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Warheit ◽  
M. A. Hartsky ◽  
M. S. Stefaniak
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Lung Cells ◽  
Comparative Physiology ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Inhaled Particles ◽  
Pulmonary Macrophages ◽  
The One ◽  
Formyl Peptides

Since toxicological testing of inhaled materials frequently requires utilization of several species, we have investigated pulmonary macrophage (PM) functional responses and compared the rat model with other rodents. Two strains of rats, three strains of mice, and one strain each of hamster and guinea pig were used in this study. The numbers of recovered cells by bronchoalveolar lavage generally correlated with animal body weight. The one exception was the Syrian Golden hamster from which increased numbers of macrophages were recovered. Cellular differential data obtained from lavaged cytocentrifuge preparations demonstrated that PM's account for greater than 97% of recoverable free lung cells for all species except the guinea pig, which contains a resident population of eosinophils. Cell morphology studies indicated that hamster PM exhibited the highest proportion of ruffled PM and demonstrated the highest phagocytic activity, whereas mouse PM phagocytic activity was significantly reduced compared with the other three species. In addition, chemotaxis studies showed that rat PM migrated best to zymosan-activated, complement-dependent chemoattractants, whereas hamster PM demonstrated an enhanced chemotactic response to N-formyl peptides. The results of these studies suggest that the rat may be the most efficient species for clearing inhaled particles, whereas hamsters and guinea pigs may best respond to bacteria.

In vitro effects of glucose polymer-containing peritoneal dialysis fluids on phagocytic activity

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Thomas ◽  
Uwe Schenk ◽  
Frank-Peter Fischer ◽  
Thomas Mettang ◽  
Jutta Passlick-Deetjen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Glucose Polymer ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Dialysis Fluids

scholarly journals Assessment of phagocytic activity in live macrophages-tumor cells co-cultures by Confocal and Nomarski Microscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Martinez-Marin ◽  
Courtney Jarvis ◽  
Thomas Nelius ◽  
Stéphanie Filleur
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Functional Assay ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Multiple Cancer

Abstract Macrophages have been recognized as the main inflammatory component of the tumor microenvironment. Although often considered as beneficial for tumor growth and disease progression, tumor-associated macrophages have also been shown to be detrimental to the tumor depending on the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, understanding the molecular interactions between macrophages and tumor cells in relation to macrophages functional activities such as phagocytosis is critical for a better comprehension of their tumor-modulating action. Still, the characterization of these molecular mechanisms in vivo remains complicated due to the extraordinary complexity of the tumor microenvironment and the broad range of tumor-associated macrophage functions. Thus, there is an increasing demand for in vitro methodologies to study the role of cell–cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment. In the present study, we have developed live co-cultures of macrophages and human prostate tumor cells to assess the phagocytic activity of macrophages using a combination of Confocal and Nomarski Microscopy. Using this model, we have emphasized that this is a sensitive, measurable, and highly reproducible functional assay. We have also highlighted that this assay can be applied to multiple cancer cell types and used as a selection tool for a variety of different types of phagocytosis agonists. Finally, combining with other studies such as gain/loss of function or signaling studies remains possible. A better understanding of the interactions between tumor cells and macrophages may lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets against cancer.

Inhibition of granulocyte phagocytosis of Candida albicans by amphotericin B

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Chan ◽  
Edward Balish
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Marked Inhibitory Effect

Phagocytic activity of PMN's in five healthy and five burned patients were measured in vitro. Addition of 1 μg per millilitre of amphotericin B to the assay produced a marked inhibitory effect of the phagocytic activity of PMN against C. albicans.

STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF PHAGOCYTIC STIMULATION ON MICROBIAL DISEASE: V. STIMULATION OF PHAGOCYTIC ACTIVITY OF MONOCYTES AGAINST TUBERCLE BACILLI, STRAIN BCG

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 571-579
Author(s):  
Béla Gözsy ◽  
László Kátó
Keyword(s):  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Cellular Defense ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Stimulation Of

Monocytes were obtained by the washing of the peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs with Hanks' solution six days after intraperitoneal administration of a saline solution containing glycogen. Phagocytosis of tubercle bacilli (BCG strain) was studied after a one hour incubation at 37 °C. under the influence of histamine and 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropyl-bicyclo-decapentane, which latter substance had shown a beneficial influence on the outcome of experimental tuberculosis. Histamine increased the phagocytic activity of monocytes, within the limits of 1 μgm. to 10 μgm per ml. This stimulation was inhibited in vitro by a synthetic antihistamine substance. Fifty and 100 μgm. per ml. histamine decreased the phagocytosis of tubercle bacilli (BCG) by the monocytes. Monocytes withdrawn from histamine treated guinea pigs showed no stimulated activity. From 0.5 to 100 μgm. per ml. of 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropylbicyclo-decapentane stimulated the phagocytic activity of monocytes against tubercle bacilli (BCG) in vitro and monocytes withdrawn from animals treated with the same substance showed equally a stimulated activity. This increased phagocytosis was equally inhibited in vitro by the antihistamine, but to a lesser degree than the inhibition of the histamine stimulated phagocytosis. The above observations suggest that the stimulating action of the 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropyl-bicyclo-decapentane is a direct action on the monocytes rather than an indirect one caused by activation of latent histamine. Experiments also show the possibility of stimulation of the cellular defense mechanism, by appropriate treatment.

Effect of hesperidin conjugated with golden nanoparticles on phagocytic activity: In vitro study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaa M. Waheeb ◽  
Ghassan M. Sulaiman ◽  
Majid S. Jabir
Keyword(s):  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study
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