Culture of Murine Megakaryocytes and Platelets from Fetal Liver and Bone Marrow

2011 ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Fetal Liver

scholarly journals Human fetal liver MSCs are more effective than adult bone marrow MSCs for their immunosuppressive, immunomodulatory, and Foxp3+ T reg induction capacity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yu ◽  
Alejandra Vargas Valderrama ◽  
Zhongchao Han ◽  
Georges Uzan ◽  
Sina Naserian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Adult Bone Marrow ◽  
Adult Bone

Abstract Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit active abilities to suppress or modulate deleterious immune responses by various molecular mechanisms. These cells are the subject of major translational efforts as cellular therapies for immune-related diseases and transplantations. Plenty of preclinical studies and clinical trials employing MSCs have shown promising safety and efficacy outcomes and also shed light on the modifications in the frequency and function of regulatory T cells (T regs). Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying these observations are not well known. Direct cell contact, soluble factor production, and turning antigen-presenting cells into tolerogenic phenotypes, have been proposed to be among possible mechanisms by which MSCs produce an immunomodulatory environment for T reg expansion and activity. We and others demonstrated that adult bone marrow (BM)-MSCs suppress adaptive immune responses directly by inhibiting the proliferation of CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells but also indirectly through the induction of T regs. In parallel, we demonstrated that fetal liver (FL)-MSCs demonstrates much longer-lasting immunomodulatory properties compared to BM-MSCs, by inhibiting directly the proliferation and activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Therefore, we investigated if FL-MSCs exert their strong immunosuppressive effect also indirectly through induction of T regs. Methods MSCs were obtained from FL and adult BM and characterized according to their surface antigen expression, their multilineage differentiation, and their proliferation potential. Using different in vitro combinations, we performed co-cultures of FL- or BM-MSCs and murine CD3+CD25−T cells to investigate immunosuppressive effects of MSCs on T cells and to quantify their capacity to induce functional T regs. Results We demonstrated that although both types of MSC display similar cell surface phenotypic profile and differentiation capacity, FL-MSCs have significantly higher proliferative capacity and ability to suppress both CD4+ and CD8+ murine T cell proliferation and to modulate them towards less active phenotypes than adult BM-MSCs. Moreover, their substantial suppressive effect was associated with an outstanding increase of functional CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regs compared to BM-MSCs. Conclusions These results highlight the immunosuppressive activity of FL-MSCs on T cells and show for the first time that one of the main immunoregulatory mechanisms of FL-MSCs passes through active and functional T reg induction.

T Cell Progenitors in the Murine Fetal Liver: Differences from Those in the Adult Bone Marrow

1997 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Watanabe ◽  
Yuichi Aiba ◽  
Yoshimoto Katsura
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Adult Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cell Progenitors ◽  
Adult Bone

scholarly journals CD44 Regulates Hematopoietic Progenitor Distribution, Granuloma Formation, and Tumorigenicity

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 2217-2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Schmits ◽  
Jorge Filmus ◽  
Nicole Gerwin ◽  
Giorgio Senaldi ◽  
Friedemann Kiefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Numerous Cell ◽  
Tumor Studies ◽  
Inhibition Of Tumor Growth

CD44 is expressed in various isoforms on numerous cell types and tissues during embryogenesis and in the mature organism. CD44 may also be involved in tumor growth. To study the multiple roles of CD44, we abolished expression of all known isoforms of CD44 in mice by targeting exons encoding the invariant N-terminus region of the molecule. Surprisingly, mice were born in Mendelian ratio without any obvious developmental or neurological deficits. Hematological impairment was evidenced by altered tissue distribution of myeloid progenitors with increased levels of colony-forming unit–granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) in bone marrow and reduced numbers of CFU-GM in spleen. Fetal liver colony-forming unit–spleen and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilization assays, together with reduced CFU-GM in peripheral blood, suggested that progenitor egress from bone marrow was defective. In what was either a compensatory response to CD44 deficiency or an immunoregulatory defect, mice also developed exaggerated granuloma responses to Cryotosporidium parvum infection. Finally, tumor studies showed that SV40-transformed CD44-deficient fibroblasts were highly tumorigenic in nude mice, whereas reintroduction of CD44s expression into these fibroblasts resulted in a dramatic inhibition of tumor growth.

scholarly journals Neuromedin U receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Al-hosaini ◽  
Stephen R. Bloom ◽  
Joseph Hedrick ◽  
Andrew Howard ◽  
Preeti Jethwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Acid Product ◽  
Amino Acid Peptide ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal ◽  
Sole Product

Neuromedin U receptors (provisional nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [29]) are activated by the endogenous 25 amino acid peptide neuromedin U (neuromedin U-25, NmU-25), a peptide originally isolated from pig spinal cord [90]. In humans, NmU-25 appears to be the sole product of a precursor gene (NMU, P48645) showing a broad tissue distribution, but which is expressed at highest levels in the upper gastrointestinal tract, CNS, bone marrow and fetal liver. Much shorter versions of NmU are found in some species, but not in human, and are derived at least in some instances from the proteolytic cleavage of the longer NmU. Despite species differences in NmU structure, the C-terminal region (particularly the C-terminal pentapeptide) is highly conserved and contains biological activity. Neuromedin S (neuromedin S-33) has also been identified as an endogenous agonist [95]. NmS-33 is, as its name suggests, a 33 amino-acid product of a precursor protein derived from a single gene and contains an amidated C-terminal heptapeptide identical to NmU. NmS-33 appears to activate NMU receptors with equivalent potency to NmU-25.

Macrophages in haemopoietic and other tissues of the developing mouse detected by the monoclonal antibody F4/80

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Morris ◽  
C.F. Graham ◽  
S. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocyte ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Prominent Component ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli ◽  
Monocytes And Macrophages ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Haemopoietic Cells

Macrophages are widely distributed in lymphohaemopoietic and other tissues of the normal and diseased adult, where they play an important role in host defence and repair. Although the development of haemopoiesis has been well studied in several species, the ontogeny of the mononuclear phagocyte system remains poorly understood. We have used a highly specific mAb, F4/80, to examine the distribution of mature macrophages in the developing mouse, with special reference to their presence in the haemopoietic microenvironment. Monocytes and macrophages were first seen in embryos on day 10 in the yolk sac and liver as well as in mesenchyme. In liver, spleen and bone marrow, there was expansion of this population associated with the initiation of haemopoiesis on days 11, 15 and 17, respectively. Macrophages in these sites formed part of the haemopoietic stroma and their extensively spread plasma membrane processes could be seen making intimate contacts with clusters of differentiating haemopoietic cells. F4/80+ cells were widely dispersed in undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue in organs such as lung, kidney and gut. Numbers of F4/80-labelled cells increased concomitantly with organ growth and local mitoses were evident, as well as actively phagocytic macrophages. Our studies establish that macrophages are among the earliest haemopoietic cells to be produced during development and that they are relatively abundant in fetal tissues in the absence of overt inflammatory stimuli. Their distribution is correlated with the sequential migration of haemopoiesis and they constitute a prominent component of the stroma in fetal liver, spleen red pulp and bone marrow. Apart from a role in haemopoietic cellular interactions, their highly developed endocytic and biosynthetic activities suggest that macrophages contribute major undefined functions during growth, turnover and modelling of fetal tissues.

scholarly journals On the Origin of Peritoneal Fluid Cells

Blood ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOAN WRIGHT GOODMAN
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Free Cells ◽  
Donor Type ◽  
Hemopoietic Tissue ◽  
Differential Counts

Abstract Peritoneal fluid cells from mouse radiation chimeras were tested to determine their strain of origin by reaction with donor-specific and host-specific isoimmune sera. In all chimeras that retained donor hemopoietic grafts, peritoneal fluid cells were found to be of donor type. This was true regardless of the kind of hemopoietic tissue transplanted into the irradiated mouse. Donor hemopoietic transplant material included bone marrow, fetal liver, peripheral blood leukocytes, and peritoneal fluid cells from mice and bone marrow from rats. Irritation of the peritoneal cavity shifted differential counts but did not change the cytotoxicity results: all the free cells removed were of donor type.

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