Which Factors Can Explain Individual Outcome Differences When Learning a New Articulatory-to-Acoustic Mapping?

Localization and quantification of noise sources are important to fulfill customer and regulation requirements in a such competitive sector like automotive manufacturing. Wind tunnel testing and acoustic mapping techniques based on microphone arrays can provide accurate information on these aspects. However, it is not straightforward to get source positions and strengths in these testing conditions. In fact, the car is a 3D object that radiates noise from different parts simultaneously, involving different noise generation mechanisms such as tire noise and aerodynamic noise. Commonly, acoustic maps are produced on a 3D surface that envelopes the objects. However, this practice produces misleading and/or incomplete results, as acoustic sources can be generated outside the surface. When the hypothesis of sources on the model surface is removed, additional issues arise. In this paper, we propose exploiting an inverse method tailored to a volumetric approach. The aim of this paper is to investigate the issues to face when the method is applied to automotive wind tunnel testing. Two different kinds of problem must be considered: On the one hand, the results of inverse methods are strongly influenced by the problem definition, while, on the other hand, experimental conditions must be taken into account to get accurate results. These aspects have been studied making use of simulated experiments. Such a controlled simulation environment, by contrast to a purely experimental case, enables accurate assessment of both the localization and quantification performance of the proposed method. Finally, a set of scores is defined to evaluate the resulting maps with objective metrics.

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Sex-Specific Differences in Glioblastoma

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10071783 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1783

Author(s):

Anna Carrano ◽

Juan Jose Juarez ◽

Diego Incontri ◽

Antonio Ibarra ◽

Hugo Guerrero Cazares

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Immune System ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Deep Understanding ◽

Protective Role ◽

Men And Women ◽

Individualized Approach ◽

Male Patients ◽

Outcome Differences

Sex differences have been well identified in many brain tumors. Even though glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and has the worst outcome, well-established differences between men and women are limited to incidence and outcome. Little is known about sex differences in GBM at the disease phenotype and genetical/molecular level. This review focuses on a deep understanding of the pathophysiology of GBM, including hormones, metabolic pathways, the immune system, and molecular changes, along with differences between men and women and how these dimorphisms affect disease outcome. The information analyzed in this review shows a greater incidence and worse outcome in male patients with GBM compared with female patients. We highlight the protective role of estrogen and the upregulation of androgen receptors and testosterone having detrimental effects on GBM. Moreover, hormones and the immune system work in synergy to directly affect the GBM microenvironment. Genetic and molecular differences have also recently been identified. Specific genes and molecular pathways, either upregulated or downregulated depending on sex, could potentially directly dictate GBM outcome differences. It appears that sexual dimorphism in GBM affects patient outcome and requires an individualized approach to management considering the sex of the patient, especially in relation to differences at the molecular level.

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Transcatheter aortic valve replacement for bicuspid aortic valve stenosis with first- and new-generation bioprostheses: a systematic review and meta-analysis

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1927 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

D Ueshima ◽

L.N.F Nai Fovino ◽

S.J.B Brener ◽

A.P Pavei ◽

C.F Fraccaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aortic Valve ◽

Bicuspid Aortic Valve ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Pacemaker Implantation ◽

Vascular Complications ◽

Device Failure ◽

Paravalvular Leakage ◽

Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽

Outcome Differences ◽

New Generation

Abstract Background Subjects with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) have been excluded from transcatheter aortic valve re- placement (TAVR) randomized trials. Methods With this meta-analysis of observational studies we first compared TAVR outcomes of BAV vs. tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients, stratifying the results by device generation. Then, we looked for differences between balloon-expandable (BE) and self-expandable (SE) bioprostheses in BAV patients. Primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were 30-day stroke, moderate-severe paravalvular leakage, new pacemaker im- plantation, vascular complications and 1-year mortality. Results Thirteen studies (11,032 patients, 7291 TAV and 3741 BAV) and seven studies (706 patients, 367 treated with BE, 339 with SE valve) met inclusion criteria. Thirty-day (OR=1.13; 95% CI: 0.88–1.46, p=0.33) and 1-year mortality (OR=1.02; 95% CI: 0.77–1.37, p=0.87) were similar between patients receiving TAVR for BAV or TAV. Subjects treated for BAV were at higher risk of conversion to conventional surgery (OR=2.35; 95% CI: 1.30–4.23, p=0.005), implantation of a second valve (OR=2.06; 95% CI: 1.31–3.25; p=0.002), moderate/severe paravalvular leakage (PVL) (OR=1.67; 95% CI: 1.29–2.17; p=0.0001) and device failure (OR=1.26; 95% CI: 1.02–1.56; p=0.04). Rates of adverse events decreased significantly with the use of new-generation devices, but outcome differences remained consistent. BAV patients treated with BE vs. SE valves had similar 30-day and 1-year mortality, stroke and moderate-severe PVL. Balloon-expandable valves were associated with lower rates of a second valve and new pacemaker implantation but carried higher risk of annular rupture. Conclusions BAV patients treated with TAVR had similar 30-day and 1-year mortality as well as stroke and new pacemaker implantation rates compared to TAV subjects, but carried higher risk of moderate/severe PVL, conver- sion to surgery and device failure. Event rates significantly decreased with the use of new-generation devices, but TAVR still showed better procedural results in TAV compared to BAV. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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The associations of birth outcome differences in twins with prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and its alternatives

Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/j.envres.2021.111459 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 111459

Author(s):

Jie Wang ◽

Hong Mei ◽

Ai-Fen Zhou ◽

Li-Li Huang ◽

Zhong-Qiang Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Prenatal Exposure ◽

Birth Outcome ◽

Outcome Differences

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Treatment and outcome differences in patients with duodenal adenomas

HPB ◽

10.1016/j.hpb.2020.04.540 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. S73

Author(s):

N. Handy ◽

A. Crown ◽

A. Alseidi ◽

T. Biehl ◽

W.S. Helton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Duodenal Adenomas ◽

Outcome Differences

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HLA-haploidentical vs matched-sibling hematopoietic cell transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Blood Advances ◽

10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000614 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (17) ◽

pp. 2581-2585 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mohamad A. Meybodi ◽

Wenhao Cao ◽

Leo Luznik ◽

Asad Bashey ◽

Xu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cell Transplantation ◽

Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hematopoietic Cell ◽

Free Survival ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽

Matched Sibling ◽

Outcome Differences

Abstract HLA haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (haplo-HCT) using posttransplantation cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) is an alternative strategy when a matched sibling donor (MSD) is not available. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the outcomes of MSD vs haplo-HCT. Eleven studies (1410 haplo-HCT and 6396 MSD recipients) were meta-analyzed. All studies were retrospective and high quality, and 9 were multicenter. Haplo-HCT was associated with ~50% lower risk of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41-0.74), but higher risk of nonrelapse mortality (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.12-1.66). Relapse, survival, acute GVHD, and GVHD-free relapse-free survival were not significantly different between the groups. Deciphering the relative contribution of PT-Cy and HLA disparity to the observed outcome differences between the groups requires further research.

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