Design of a Novel Web Utility that Provides Multi-lingual Word Definitions for Child E-Book Applications

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Deeksha Adiani ◽  
Daniel Lewis ◽  
Vanessa Serao ◽  
Kevin Barrett ◽  
Amelia Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Word Definitions

Cognitive and linguistic factors in the development of word definitions

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Benelli ◽  
Luciano Arcuri ◽  
Gianni Marchesini
Keyword(s):  
Specific Information ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Class Inclusion ◽  
Normative Criteria ◽  
Children's Strategies ◽  
Word Definitions

ABSTRACTThree studies were carried out in order to account for development of word definitions. Study i was aimed at analysing the role of class inclusion skills and age (5– and 7–year-olds and adults) in production of definitions containing superordinate categorical terms. No differences were found between 7-year-olds who had passed a class inclusion task and those who had not passed it as regards number of definitions containing superordinates, while differences were found between younger and older children and between children and adults. Study 2 was aimed at obtaining some normative criteria on the ‘goodness’ of definitions provided in Study 1, by using adult judges. It was found that the best definitions are those which contain both categorical terms and specific information about the to-be-defined object. It was also found that adults may adjust their standard definitional criteria to the kind of interlocutor (i.e. a child or a Martian). Study 3 confirms that younger children's definitions fall far short of the adult informativeness and completeness criteria while, by the age of ten, such criteria are met. Overall results were interpreted as conforming to a progressive conventionalization of children's strategies for defining objects.

scholarly journals Sentiment polarity classification of tweets using a extended dictionary

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (62) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jorge E. Camargo ◽  
Vladimir Vargas-Calderon ◽  
Nelson Vargas ◽  
Liliana Calderón-Benavides
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
The Real ◽  
Polarity Classification ◽  
Real Academia ◽  
Word Definitions

With the purpose of classifying text based on its sentiment polarity (positive or negative), we proposed an extension of a 68,000 tweets corpus through the inclusion of word definitions from a dictionary of the Real Academia Espa\~{n}ola de la Lengua (RAE). A set of 28,000 combinations of 6 Word2Vec and support vector machine parameters were considered in order to evaluate how positively would affect the inclusion of a RAE's dictionary definitions classification performance. We found that such a corpus extension significantly improve the classification accuracy. Therefore, we conclude that the inclusion of a RAE's dictionary increases the semantic relations learned by Word2Vec allowing a better classification accuracy.

Affect-Laden and Affectively-Neutral Word Definitions Test

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren J. Chapman ◽  
Jean P. Chapman ◽  
Randall L. Daut
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Word ◽  
Word Definitions

Lexical retrieval: The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Kohn ◽  
Arthur Wingfield ◽  
Lise Menn ◽  
Harold Goodglass ◽  
Jean Berko Gleason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Word ◽  
Word Retrieval ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Word Knowledge ◽  
University Undergraduates ◽  
Tip Of The Tongue ◽  
Word Definitions ◽  
Target Words

ABSTRACTAn experiment is reported in which university undergraduates were given word definitions and asked to say aloud all responses that came to mind in the course of their attempts to retrieve the target words. Results showed that phonologically similar responses and word-fragments are good predictors of target word knowledge and the likelihood of eventual success in retrieval. Responses which were semantically related to the target word were less predictive of eventual success. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for interpreting tip-of-the-tongue analyses as a “window” on the process of word retrieval.

Subjective Lexical Characteristics: Comparing Ratings of Members of the Target Population and Doctors for Words Stemming from a Medical Context

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Robert ◽  
Florence Cousson-Gélie ◽  
William Faurous ◽  
Stéphanie Mathey
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Subjective Frequency ◽  
Medical Context ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Word Definitions

The present study investigated the subjective lexical characteristics of words stemming from a medical context by comparing estimations of the target population (age range = 46–89) and of doctors. A total of 58 members of the target population and 22 oncologists completed measures of subjective frequency and emotional valence for words previously collected in interviews of announcement of cancer diagnosis. The members of the target population also completed tests of word definitions, without and within context. As expected, most of the words were rated less familiar, more negative and as generating more intense emotions to the target population than to the doctors. Moreover, only a few words were correctly defined by the target population. Adding a context helped the participants to define most of the words correctly. Importantly, we identified words that were rated familiar by the patients although they did not know their exact meaning. Overall, these results highlight the importance of taking into account the subjective lexical characteristics of words used in specific contexts.

The Role of Small Group Instruction in Facilitating Observational and Incidental Learning

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Sue Shelton ◽  
David L. Gast ◽  
Mark Wolery ◽  
Vincent Winterling
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Incidental Learning ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Small Group Instruction ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Group Instruction ◽  
Delay Procedure ◽  
Instructional Arrangement ◽  
Multiple Probe ◽  
Word Definitions

The present investigation examined the effectiveness of teaching sight-word reading in a small-group instructional arrangement to two groups of elementary-aged students with mild mental retardation. A multiple probe design across word sets was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the progressive time delay procedure and students’ acquisition of other students’ words (observational learning). In addition, students were assessed on their spelling of all sight words as well as their acquisition of word definitions although neither was taught directly (incidental learning). Results showed that (a) the delay procedure was effective in teaching all students their target words in near-errorless fashion, (b) all students learned other student’s words through observation, and (c) all students learned some incidental information by providing practice in spelling and by placing word definitions in feedback statements. Issues pertinent to small group instruction are discussed.

Using Constant Time Delay to Teach Word Definitions

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Schuster ◽  
Kay B. Stevens ◽  
Pam K. Doak
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Constant Time Delay ◽  
Constant Time ◽  
Word Definitions

scholarly journals Definition as a Logical and Linguistic Category

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
A. R. Blagova
Keyword(s):  
Main Task ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Word Definitions

Definition is a logical and linguistic category that for a long time has been the subject of logicians’ and philosophers’ research. Today we understand a definition as a logical method that allows us to discover a word’s content, i.e. what it means in everyday use or what a speaker intends it to mean for this speaker’s own specific purposes. A definition consists of two parts: definiendum (that what is defined) and definiens (that which defines). The definiendum refers to the exact object, action, state etc., that is to be defined. The definiens contains the information necessary to define this object, action, state etc. This information is obtained during the process of definition. In the language, a definition can mean both the process of developing a sentence and the result of this process, i.e. the sentence itself. When composing an explanation of a word’s lexical meaning, we should draw on the vast experience of Russian lexicography. Practical lexicography gave us a wide range of kinds of word definitions which are now being extensively researched as theoretical generalizations and conclusions. This article explores methods of explanation of word meanings in the context of different possible logical relations between definiendum and definiens: inclusion, overlap, complementarity, adjacency. The existing word definitions (hyponymic, identifying, enumerative, synonymic, antonymic) can be distributed between those kinds of logical relations. Descriptive explanations are regarded as a specific kind of definition. Theoretical generalizations and conclusions are backed by examples from the main explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language.The conclusion is drawn that parts of a word definition can enter into different kinds of logical relations. Exploration of those relations is highly important for educational purposes as methodological basis for correct definitions of word meanings as well as for the composition of lexicographic explanations. At the same time, we shouldn’t forget that there are various ways to define a word’s lexical meaning. One and the same word can be defined in a number of ways, so the lexicographers’ main task is still to choose the best way or combination of ways that can fully and accurately discover the meaning of the word being defined.

De Contextbank

1993 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Anita Graafland ◽  
Theo van der Ster
Keyword(s):  
Working Time ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Know How ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right ◽  
Word Definitions

What aids does the translator have at her disposal and in to what extent do these aids respond to her needs. An important part of the working time of a translator is spent looking for the right word. Definitions of words can be found in dictionaries and in terminological databases. More often than not, however, the term looked for by translator cannot be found in these tools. If the term is mentioned, the definition given often does not exactly correspond to the meaning used in the source text. And if the translator wants to know how a term is used in a certain discipline, with what other terms it can be combined, in which different meanings it is used, what its frequency is and in what situations it is used, then dictionaries and termbanks fail to come with an answer, which then can the only be found in the literature of the discipline Consulting existing contexts or specialized literature is a time-consuming, but nevertheless necessary activity for a translator who wishes to produce terminologically correct texts. To cater for the need of context for a translator we have developed a "context bank". In this database the translator can search a large number of contexts with his own p.c. During the presentation a demonstration was given of the context bank by means of a number of translation problems. It was explained how the records in the database have been built up and how a translator can consult the database via his own p.c. without leaving his text. It was explained also what types of software and hardware can be used and how one can subscribe to the context bank.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document