Productivity Indexes and National Statistics: Theory, Methods and Challenges

This study aims to utilize Clushtering Algorithm in grouping the number of people who have health complaints with the K-means algorithm in Indonesia. The source of this research data was collected based on the documents of the provincial population which had health complaints produced by the National Statistics Agency. The data used in this study are data from 2013-2017 consisting of 34 provinces. The method used in this research is K-means Algorithm. Data will be processed by clushtering in 3 clushter, namely clusther high health complaints, clusther moderate and low health complaints. Centroid data for high population level clusters 37.48, Centroid data for moderate population level clusters 27.08, and Centroid data for low population level clusters 14.89. So that obtained an assessment based on the population index that has health complaints with 7 provinces of high health complaints, namely Central Java, Yogyakarta, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, South Kalimantan, Gorontalo, 18 provinces of moderate health complaints, and 9 other provinces including low health complaints. This can be an input to the government to give more attention to residents in each region who have high health complaints through improving public health services so that the Indonesian population becomes healthier without health complaints.Keywords: data mining, health complaints, clustering, K-means, Indonesian residents

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Dynamic Comparison of the Fruit Sector and the Pollution Associated to Agriculture

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.10.6623 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (10) ◽

pp. 2776-2780

Author(s):

Valentina Constanta Tudor ◽

Ionela Mituko Vlad ◽

Diana Zamfir Vasca

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

The Public ◽

Perennial Plants ◽

National Statistics ◽

The Impact

Pollution in agriculture plays a major role. One of the sector affected by this phenomenon is the perennial plants, such as fruits sector. This sector is an important part of agricultural production in Romania, mainly because of the areas that have been dedicated; that is why the sector should be reconsidered because it could be one of the engines of the agriculture. This have to led to important efforts and increased attention in managing the opportunities offered by the development of the associations and producer groups involved. The present paper aims to address certain aspects of the national, macro-regional and European aspects of these fruits productions and the impact of the degree of pollution in agriculture. In this respect, data derived from the public databases dedicated to this field, namely Eurostat, the National Statistics Institute, DG Agriculture / FADN database and the Ministry of Agriculture, were used. The methods used to analyze and interpret the results are descriptive statistics, dynamics and comparisons between target areas and indicators. The results highlighted in the first part of the paper the Romania�s position upon the European average in what concern the fruit sector but also upon a competing country on the fruit market, Poland, which is considered to have a European top position.

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Crise Económica em Portugal: Evolução da Incidência de Depressão e Correlação com o Desemprego

Acta Médica Portuguesa ◽

10.20344/amp.13574 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (13) ◽

Author(s):

Inês Laplanche Coelho ◽

Mafalda Sousa-Uva ◽

Nuno Pina ◽

Sara Marques ◽

Carlos Matias-Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Vulnerability ◽

Ecological Study ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Portuguese Population ◽

Sentinel Network ◽

Unemployment Rates ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

National Statistics ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact

Introduction: Previous studies have found an increase in the incidence rate of depression between 2007 – 2013 in Portugal, with a positive correlation with the unemployment rate, namely, in men. So, it was hypothesized that this increase is related with the situation of economic crisis. This study aimed to investigate if the correlation between unemployment rates and the incidence of depression is maintained in the post-crisis period of economic recovery in Portugal (2016 – 2018).Material and Methods: An ecological study was carried out, using data from the General Practitioners Sentinel Network concerning depression incidence (first episodes and relapses) and data from the National Statistics Institute on unemployment rates in the Portuguese population. The correlation coefficient was estimated using linear regression and the results were disaggregated by sex.Results: Between 2016 and 2018, there was a consistent decrease in the incidence of depression in both sexes. During the 1995 – 2018 period, a positive correlation was observed between unemployment and depression, with a coefficient of 0.833 (p = 0.005) in males and of 0.742 (p = 0.022) in females.Discussion: The reduction in the incidence of depression in both sexes observed between 2016 – 2018 corroborates a positive correlation between unemployment and depression in the Portuguese population, previously observed between 2007 – 2013.Conclusion: This study highlights the need to monitor the occurrence of mental illness in the Portuguese population, especially in moments of greatest social vulnerability in order to establish preventive measures, as a way to mitigate the impact of future economic crises.

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America by the Numbers: Quantification, Democracy, and the Birth of National Statistics by Emmanuel Didier

Technology and Culture ◽

10.1353/tech.2021.0075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 608-610

Author(s):

Dan Bouk

Keyword(s):

National Statistics

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Impact of vaccination on new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United Kingdom

Nature Medicine ◽

10.1038/s41591-021-01410-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emma Pritchard ◽

Philippa C. Matthews ◽

Nicole Stoesser ◽

David W. Eyre ◽

Owen Gethings ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Viral Load ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Community Based ◽

National Statistics ◽

Private Households ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Viral Burden ◽

General Community ◽

Nose And Throat

AbstractThe effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in the general community is still unclear. Here, we used the Office for National Statistics COVID-19 Infection Survey—a large community-based survey of individuals living in randomly selected private households across the United Kingdom—to assess the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford–AstraZeneca; ChAdOx1) vaccines against any new SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive tests, split according to self-reported symptoms, cycle threshold value (<30 versus ≥30; as a surrogate for viral load) and gene positivity pattern (compatible with B.1.1.7 or not). Using 1,945,071 real-time PCR results from nose and throat swabs taken from 383,812 participants between 1 December 2020 and 8 May 2021, we found that vaccination with the ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccines already reduced SARS-CoV-2 infections ≥21 d after the first dose (61% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 54–68%) versus 66% (95% CI = 60–71%), respectively), with greater reductions observed after a second dose (79% (95% CI = 65–88%) versus 80% (95% CI = 73–85%), respectively). The largest reductions were observed for symptomatic infections and/or infections with a higher viral burden. Overall, COVID-19 vaccination reduced the number of new SARS-CoV-2 infections, with the largest benefit received after two vaccinations and against symptomatic and high viral burden infections, and with no evidence of a difference between the BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines.

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Interval Breast Cancers in the NHS Breast Screening Programme: Does the Current Definition Exclude Too Many?

Journal of Medical Screening ◽

10.1177/096914139700400310 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 169-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A M Faux ◽

D C Richardson ◽

G M Lawrence ◽

M E Wheaton ◽

M G Wallisconsultant

Keyword(s):

Breast Screening ◽

Interval Cancer ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

Interval Cancers ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

National Statistics ◽

Screening Unit ◽

Cancer Rates ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Impact

Objectives— To examine the impact of the definition of interval breast cancers on interval cancer rates arising from the prevalent (first) screening round. Design— Interval breast cancers arising from the prevalent (first) screening round at the Warwickshire, Solihull and Coventry Breast Screening Unit (17 April 1989 to 31 March 1992) were identified by comparison of data held at the unit with records at the West Midlands Cancer Intelligence Unit. Exclusion criteria used in National statistics were applied to this sample to quantify their impact on achieved interval cancer rates. The round lengths experienced by individual women at the unit were determined from the prevalent and incident invitation dates for 155 women with incident (re-screen) breast cancers detected in the second round. Setting— Warwickshire, Solihull and Coventry Breast Screening Unit. Subects—59 017 women screened between 17 April 1989 and 31 March 1992 with a negative screening result and 155 women with incident screen detected cancers. Results— A total of 278 interval cancers were identified, giving an overall rate from the prevalent screening round of 47.1/10 000 women screened. Of these, 213 met the criteria used in the definition of interval cancers for National statistics and were termed “core” interval cancers. The overall “core” interval rate was 36.1/10 000 women screened, similar to interval cancer rates found in the north west of United Kingdom. Thus applying commonly used exclusion criteria produced a 23.4% reduction in the apparent interval cancer rate, with the largest decrease resulting from the exclusion of cancers arising at 36 months or more from the last screen. Conclusions— The exclusion criteria used in the definition of interval cancers have a significant impact on observed interval cancer rates. Of particular concern is the exclusion in the current National definitions of cancers arising at 36 months or more from the last screen, which may mask a problem with significant implications for the success of the NHSBSP.

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